Морис Жарр: Француз композиторы мен дирижері

French composer and conductor

Maurice Alexis Jarre (mɔʁis alɛksi ʒaʁ; 13 September 1924 – 28 March 2009) was a French composer and conductor. Although he composed several concert works, Jarre is best known for his film scores, particularly for his collaborations with film director David Lean. Jarre composed the scores to all of Lean's films from Lawrence of Arabia (1962) to A Passage to India (1984). He was nominated for nine Academy Awards, winning three in the Best Original Score category for Lawrence of Arabia, Doctor Zhivago (1965), and A Passage to India, all of which were directed by Lean. Notable scores for other directors included Eyes Without a Face (1959), The Longest Day (1962), The Train (1964), The Collector (1965), Grand Prix (1966), The Man Who Would Be King (1975), Mohammad, Messenger of God (1976), Jesus of Nazareth (1977), Lion of the Desert (1981), The Year of Living Dangerously (1982), Witness (1985), The Mosquito Coast (1986), Fatal Attraction (1987), Gorillas in the Mist (1988), Dead Poets Society (1989), Prancer (1989), and Ghost (1990). He worked with such directors as John Frankenheimer, Peter Weir, Georges Franju, John Huston, Adrian Lyne, Luchino Visconti, Alfred Hitchcock, Elia Kazan, and Volker Schlöndorff. Jarre also won four Golden Globes, three BAFTA Awards, a Grammy Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Three of his compositions spent a total of 42 weeks on the UK singles chart; the biggest hit was "Somewhere My Love" (to his tune "Lara's Theme", with lyrics by Paul Francis Webster) performed by the Mike Sammes Singers, which reached Number 14 in 1966 and spent 38 weeks on the chart. He was the father of musician Jean Michel Jarre and the adopted father of screenwriter Kevin Jarre.

Jarre was born in Lyon, the son of Gabrielle Renée (née Boullu) and André Jarre, a radio technical director. He first enrolled in the engineering school at the Sorbonne, but decided to pursue music courses instead. He left the Sorbonne against his father's will and enrolled at the Conservatoire de Paris to study composition and harmony and chose percussion as his major instrument.

In 1961, Jarre's music career experienced a major change when American film producer Sam Spiegel asked him to write the score for the 1962 epic Lawrence of Arabia, directed by David Lean. The acclaimed score won Jarre his first Academy Award and he would go on to compose the scores to all of Lean's subsequent films. He followed with The Train (1964) and Grand Prix (1966), both for director John Frankenheimer, and in between had another great success in David Lean's Doctor Zhivago, which included the lyricless tune "Lara's Theme" (later the tune for the song "Somewhere My Love"), and which earned him his second Oscar. He worked with Alfred Hitchcock on Topaz (1969): although Hitchcock's experiences with the film were unhappy, he was satisfied with Jarre's score, telling him, "I have not given you a great film, but you have given me a great score." Jarre's score for David Lean's Ryan's Daughter (1970), set in Ireland, completely eschews traditional Irish music styles, according to Lean's preferences. The song "It Was a Good Time," from Ryan's Daughter went on to be recorded by musical stars such as Liza Minnelli who used it in her critically acclaimed television special Liza with a Z as well as by others during the 1970s. He contributed the music for Luchino Visconti's The Damned (1969), and John Huston's The Man Who Would Be King (1975). He was again nominated for an Academy Award for scoring The Message in 1976, for the director and producer Moustapha Akkad. He followed with Witness (1985) and Dead Poets Society (1989), for which he won a British Academy Award. In the 1970s and 1980s, Jarre turned his hand to science fiction, with scores for The Island at the Top of the World (1974), Dreamscape (1984), Enemy Mine (1985), and Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985). The latter is written for full orchestra, augmented by a chorus, four grand pianos, a pipe organ, digeridoo, fujara, a battery of exotic percussion, and three ondes Martenot, which feature in several of Jarre's other scores, including Lawrence of Arabia, Jesus of Nazareth, The Bride and Prancer. The balalaika features prominently in Jarre's score for Doctor Zhivago. In 1990, Jarre was again nominated for an Academy Award scoring the supernatural love story/thriller Ghost. His music for the final scene of the film is based on "Unchained Melody" composed by fellow film composer Alex North. Jarre's television work includes the theme for the short lived 1967 Western series on CBS, Cimarron Strip, his score for the miniseries Jesus of Nazareth (1977), directed by Franco Zeffirelli, Shōgun (1980), and the theme for PBS's Great Performances. who was "among the most sought after composers in the movie industry" and "a creator of both subtle underscoring and grand, sweeping themes, not only writing for conventional orchestras  but also experimenting with electronic sounds later in his career".

Jarre wrote mainly for orchestras, but began to favour synthesized music in the 1980s. Jarre pointed out that his electronic score for Witness was actually more laborious, time consuming and expensive to produce than an orchestral score. Jarre's electronic scores from the 1980s also include Fatal Attraction, The Year of Living Dangerously, Firefox and No Way Out. A number of his scores from that era also feature electronic / acoustic blends, such as Gorillas in the Mist, Dead Poets Society, The Mosquito Coast and Jacob's Ladder.

Jarre was married four times, the first three marriages ending in divorce. In the 1940s, his marriage to Francette Pejot, a French Resistance member and concentration camp survivor, produced a son, Jean Michel Jarre, a French composer, performer, and music producer, who is one of the pioneers in electronic music. When Jean Michel was five years old, Maurice split up with his wife and moved to the United States, leaving Jean Michel with his mother in France. In 1965, Jarre married French actress Dany Saval; together they had a daughter, Stephanie Jarre. He next married American actress Laura Devon (1967–1984), resulting in his adopting her son, Kevin Jarre, a screenwriter, with credits on such films as Tombstone and Glory (1989). From 1984 to his death, he was married to Fong F. Khong.

Maurice Jarre died of cancer on 28 March 2009 in Los Angeles.

Year TitleDirector Notes1970The Only Game in TownGeorge StevensEl CondorJohn GuillerminRyan's DaughterDavid LeanNominated for the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media1971Plaza Suite Arthur HillerRed Sun Terence YoungA Season in HellNelo Risi1972Pope JoanMichael AndersonThe Life and Times of Judge Roy BeanJohn HustonNominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song ("Marmalade, Molasses & Honey")The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man in the Moon MarigoldsPaul Newman1973Ash WednesdayLarry PeerceThe Mackintosh ManJohn Huston1974Great ExpectationsJoseph HardyThe Island at the Top of the WorldRobert Stevenson1975MandingoRichard FleischerComposed with Muddy WatersPosseKirk DouglasThe SilenceJoseph HardyThe Man Who Would Be KingJohn HustonNominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original ScoreMr. SycamorePancho Kohner1976Shout at the DevilPeter R. HuntThe Last TycoonElia KazanThe MessageMoustapha AkkadNominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score1977Jesus of NazarethFranco ZeffirelliThe Prince and the PauperRichard FleischerMarch or DieDick Richards1978Like a Turtle on Its BackLuc BéraudTwo SolitudesLionel ChetwyndThe UsersJoseph HardyMourning Becomes ElectraNick HavingaIshi: The Last of His TribeRobert Ellis Miller1979The Tin DrumVolker SchlöndorffWinter KillsWilliam RichertThe Magician of LublinMenahem Golan

Year TitleDirector Notes1980The American Success CompanyWilliam RichertThe Black MarbleHarold BeckerThe Last Flight of Noah's ArkCharles JarrottResurrectionDaniel PetrieNominated for the Saturn Award for Best MusicShōgunJerry LondonEnola GayDavid Lowell Rich1981Lion of the DesertMoustapha AkkadChu Chu and the Philly FlashDavid Lowell RichComposed with Pete RugoloCircle of DeceitVolker SchlöndorffTapsHarold Becker1982Don't Cry, It's Only ThunderPeter WernerComing Out of the IceWaris HusseinFirefoxClint EastwoodYoung Doctors in LoveGarry MarshallThe Year of Living DangerouslyPeter WeirNominated for the AACTA Award for Best Original Music Score1983For Those I LovedRobert EnricoSept d'Or for Best Music1984Samson and DelilahLee PhilipsTop Secret!Jim AbrahamsDavid ZuckerJerry ZuckerDreamscapeJoseph RubenA Passage to IndiaDavid LeanAcademy Award for Best Original ScoreGolden Globe Award for Best Original ScoreNominated for the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media1985WitnessPeter WeirNominated for the Academy Award for Best Original ScoreNominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original ScoreNominated for the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual MediaMad Max Beyond ThunderdomeGeorge MillerGeorge OgilvieThemes by Brian MayThe BrideFranc RoddamNominated for the Saturn Award for Best MusicEnemy MineWolfgang Petersen1986ApologyRobert BiermanTai PanDaryl DukeThe Mosquito CoastPeter WeirNominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original ScoreSolarbabiesAlan Johnson1987Tokyo BlackoutToshio MasudaNo Way OutRoger DonaldsonJulia and JuliaPeter Del MonteGaby: A True StoryLuis MandokiFatal AttractionAdrian Lyne Nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media1988The Murder of Mary PhaganWilliam HaleDistant ThunderRick RosenthalWildfireZalman KingMoon over ParadorPaul MazurskyGorillas in the MistMichael AptedGolden Globe Award for Best Original ScoreNominated for the Academy Award for Best Original ScoreLe palanquin des larmesJacques DorfmannCocktailRoger DonaldsonRejected scoreReplaced by J. Peter Robinson1989Chances AreEmile ArdolinoDead Poets SocietyPeter WeirBAFTA Award for Best Film MusicPrancerJohn D. HancockEnemies, A Love StoryPaul Mazursky

Year TitleDirector Notes1990Solar CrisisRichard C. SarafianGhostJerry ZuckerNominated for the Academy Award for Best Original ScoreNominated for the Saturn Award for Best MusicJacob's LadderAdrian LyneAlmost an AngelJohn Cornell1991Only the LonelyChris ColumbusFires WithinGillian Armstrong1992The Setting SunRou TomonoSchool TiesRobert MandelShadow of the WolfJacques DorfmannPierre Magny1993Mr. JonesMike FiggisFearlessPeter Weir1994The River WildCurtis HansonRejected scoreReplaced by Jerry Goldsmith1995A Walk in the CloudsAlfonso ArauGolden Globe Award for Best Original Score1996The SunchaserMichael CiminoWhite SquallRidley ScottRejected scoreReplaced by Jeff Rona & Hans Zimmer1997Day and NightBernard Henri Lévy1999SunshineIstván SzabóNominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original ScoreNominated for the Genie Award for Best Music Score