Кубаның Карденас қаласы: тарихы мен ерекшеліктері

San Juan de Dios de Cárdenas, or simply Cárdenas (ˈkaɾðenas), is a municipality and city in the Matanzas Province of Cuba, about by air [ by road] east of Havana. Cárdenas is the 15th most populated Cuban city and the second most populated one not being a provincial seat, after Manzanillo. The Cuban Flag was first raised over Cuba in this historic city of straight and narrow streets (the "Charleston of the Caribbean"), horse drawn carriages, industry and "cangrejos" (blue crabs). It was in Cárdenas where José Arechabala S. A. launched and started production of Havana Club in 1934.

Before the 1976 reform, Cárdenas was divided into the barrios of Cantel, Fundición, Guásimas, Marina, Méndez Capote, Pueblo Nuevo and Versalles. The world famous beach and resort town of Varadero is part of the municipality. Other villages included in the territory are Boca de Camarioca, Buena Vista, Camarioca, Cantel, Central José Smith Comas, Dos de Diciembre, El Castillito, Guásimas, Humberto Álvarez, Julián Alemán, La Emilia, Los Morúa, Méndez Capote, Merceditas, Precioso, San Joaquín de Mora, Santa Marta and Siguapa.

Cárdenas was founded on 8 March 1828, with the help of several old aristocratic Spanish Cuban families from the nearby provincial capital of Matanzas and in 1861 already had 12,910 inhabitants. The completion of the railroad in 1841 led to further development. Cárdenas was one of the first cities in Cuba to have electric service, public transportation (trams), telegraph and telephone. The city was not laid out in the traditional central plaza Spanish custom, but rather, inspired on a North American perpendicular grid pattern, modeled on the city of Charleston, South Carolina, with the help of American (Confederate) landscape engineers. Another notable link between the city and South Carolina was Cárdenas native, Ambrosio José Gonzales, who would spend several years residing there and married Harriet Elliot, daughter of prominent South Carolina planter and state Sen. William Elliot, in 1856, living 24 miles from Charleston. According to historian Antonio Rafael de la Cova, Gonzales would join the Confederate forces and was nominated for the rank of general six times but was unsuccessful due to a personal feud with Jefferson Davis. In 1850, the Venezuelan General Narciso López, along with some Americans and Cuban exiles (including Gonzales), landed here on a filibustering expedition, and held the town for a few hours, abandoning it when he saw that the people would not rise to support him in his efforts to secure Cuban independence. and had received a great influx of European immigrants, including from Ireland, France, Italy and Corsica many Cárdenas families were known for having foreign sounding surnames, such as Jones, Larrieu, Smith, Villa Giorgi and Sterling, among others. By 1907 the population was 24,280. The shallowness of the harbour required loads to be lightened and repeated loading of cargoes. After the 1933 Cuba–Brownsville hurricane hit the city badly, José Arechabala S. A. financed the dredging of the harbour and the reform of the whole coastline, including the construction of the Monumento a la Bandera (monument to the national Cuban flag). This justified the Arechabala appointment as Benefactora eminente of Cárdenas. The surrounding region is farmed for its fertility.

In 2022, the municipality of Cárdenas had a population of 158,322. With a total area of , it has a population density of Cardenas experiences a population growth of 0.95% a year.