Введение
Божественные законы, касающиеся этой темы, как это предписано в исламе в целом.
Законы в Пакистане, принятые в 1979 году.
Laws in Pakistan enacted in 1979
The Hudud Ordinances are laws in Pakistan enacted in 1979 as part of the Islamization of Pakistan by Muhammad Zia ul Haq, the sixth president of Pakistan. It replaced parts of the British era Pakistan Penal Code, adding new criminal offences of adultery and fornication, and new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death. After much controversy and criticism parts of the law were extensively revised in 2006 by the Women's Protection Bill. The Hudood Law was intended to implement Shari'a law or bring Pakistani law into "conformity with the injunctions of Islam", by enforcing punishments mentioned in the Quran and sunnah for zina (extramarital sex), qazf (false accusation of zina), theft, and consumption of alcohol. The system provided for two kinds of offences — hadd and tazir — with different punishments to go with them. Hadd offences (fixed punishment) require a higher standard of proof than tazir (discretionary punishment) and their punishments are more severe. The zina provisions of the law were particularly controversial
The Federal Shariat Court, which has "exclusive jurisdiction" to examine whether or not a law is in accordance with the injunctions of Islam, was created along with the Ordinances. Under the ordinances, tazir punishments often involve flogging. evidence must be from a confession by the accused, or at least two Muslim adult male witnesses who are `tazkiyah al shuhood`, (truthful and non sinners). Theft liable to tazir: Whoever commits theft, which, is not liable to 'hadd' or
for which there is no confession or evidence provided by two qualifying Muslim adult male witnesses, or
for which 'hadd' may not be imposed or enforced under this Ordinance;
Punishment for theft liable to tazir: is stipulated in the Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860).
Указы о худуде – это законы в Пакистане, принятые в 1979 году в рамках исламизации Пакистана Мухаммедом Зия-уль-Хаком, шестым президентом Пакистана. Они заменили части Пакистанского уголовного кодекса британской эпохи, добавив новые уголовные преступления – прелюбодеяние и блуд, а также новые наказания – бичевание, ампутацию и побивание камнями до смерти. После многочисленных споров и критики, в 2006 году был принят Закон о защите прав женщин, внесший существенные изменения в эти указы. Указы о худуде были предназначены для реализации закона шариата или приведения пакистанского законодательства в "соответствие с предписаниями ислама", путем применения наказаний, упомянутых в Коране и Сунне за зина (внебрачный половой акт), казф (ложное обвинение в зина), воровство и употребление алкоголя. Система предусматривала два вида преступлений – хадд и тазир – с различными наказаниями. Преступления хадд (фиксированное наказание) требуют более высокого стандарта доказательств, чем тазир (дискреционное наказание), и их наказания более суровы. Положения об зина в этих указах вызвали особую полемику.
Laws in Pakistan enacted in 1979
The Hudud Ordinances are laws in Pakistan enacted in 1979 as part of the Islamization of Pakistan by Muhammad Zia ul Haq, the sixth president of Pakistan. It replaced parts of the British era Pakistan Penal Code, adding new criminal offences of adultery and fornication, and new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death. After much controversy and criticism parts of the law were extensively revised in 2006 by the Women's Protection Bill. The Hudood Law was intended to implement Shari'a law or bring Pakistani law into "conformity with the injunctions of Islam", by enforcing punishments mentioned in the Quran and sunnah for zina (extramarital sex), qazf (false accusation of zina), theft, and consumption of alcohol. The system provided for two kinds of offences — hadd and tazir — with different punishments to go with them. Hadd offences (fixed punishment) require a higher standard of proof than tazir (discretionary punishment) and their punishments are more severe. The zina provisions of the law were particularly controversial
The Federal Shariat Court, which has "exclusive jurisdiction" to examine whether or not a law is in accordance with the injunctions of Islam, was created along with the Ordinances. Under the ordinances, tazir punishments often involve flogging. evidence must be from a confession by the accused, or at least two Muslim adult male witnesses who are `tazkiyah al shuhood`, (truthful and non sinners). Theft liable to tazir: Whoever commits theft, which, is not liable to 'hadd' or
for which there is no confession or evidence provided by two qualifying Muslim adult male witnesses, or
for which 'hadd' may not be imposed or enforced under this Ordinance;
Punishment for theft liable to tazir: is stipulated in the Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860).
Федеральный шариатский суд, обладающий "исключительной юрисдикцией" для проверки соответствия законов предписаниям ислама, был создан одновременно с этими указами. В соответствии с указами, наказания тазир часто включают в себя побивание. Доказательства должны быть основаны на признании вины обвиняемого или, по крайней мере, на показаниях двух совершеннолетних мусульман-мужчин, обладающих качеством `tazkiyah al shuhood` (честность и непорочность). Кража, подлежащая наказанию тазир: Любой, кто совершает кражу, которая не подлежит наказанию хадд или для которой нет признания вины или доказательств, представленных двумя квалифицированными мусульманскими свидетелями-мужчинами, или для которой наказание хадд не может быть назначено или применено в соответствии с настоящим Указом;
Laws in Pakistan enacted in 1979
The Hudud Ordinances are laws in Pakistan enacted in 1979 as part of the Islamization of Pakistan by Muhammad Zia ul Haq, the sixth president of Pakistan. It replaced parts of the British era Pakistan Penal Code, adding new criminal offences of adultery and fornication, and new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death. After much controversy and criticism parts of the law were extensively revised in 2006 by the Women's Protection Bill. The Hudood Law was intended to implement Shari'a law or bring Pakistani law into "conformity with the injunctions of Islam", by enforcing punishments mentioned in the Quran and sunnah for zina (extramarital sex), qazf (false accusation of zina), theft, and consumption of alcohol. The system provided for two kinds of offences — hadd and tazir — with different punishments to go with them. Hadd offences (fixed punishment) require a higher standard of proof than tazir (discretionary punishment) and their punishments are more severe. The zina provisions of the law were particularly controversial
The Federal Shariat Court, which has "exclusive jurisdiction" to examine whether or not a law is in accordance with the injunctions of Islam, was created along with the Ordinances. Under the ordinances, tazir punishments often involve flogging. evidence must be from a confession by the accused, or at least two Muslim adult male witnesses who are `tazkiyah al shuhood`, (truthful and non sinners). Theft liable to tazir: Whoever commits theft, which, is not liable to 'hadd' or
for which there is no confession or evidence provided by two qualifying Muslim adult male witnesses, or
for which 'hadd' may not be imposed or enforced under this Ordinance;
Punishment for theft liable to tazir: is stipulated in the Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860).
Наказание за кражу, подлежащую наказанию тазир: определяется в Уголовном кодексе Пакистана (Акт XLV от 1860 года).
Laws in Pakistan enacted in 1979
The Hudud Ordinances are laws in Pakistan enacted in 1979 as part of the Islamization of Pakistan by Muhammad Zia ul Haq, the sixth president of Pakistan. It replaced parts of the British era Pakistan Penal Code, adding new criminal offences of adultery and fornication, and new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death. After much controversy and criticism parts of the law were extensively revised in 2006 by the Women's Protection Bill. The Hudood Law was intended to implement Shari'a law or bring Pakistani law into "conformity with the injunctions of Islam", by enforcing punishments mentioned in the Quran and sunnah for zina (extramarital sex), qazf (false accusation of zina), theft, and consumption of alcohol. The system provided for two kinds of offences — hadd and tazir — with different punishments to go with them. Hadd offences (fixed punishment) require a higher standard of proof than tazir (discretionary punishment) and their punishments are more severe. The zina provisions of the law were particularly controversial
The Federal Shariat Court, which has "exclusive jurisdiction" to examine whether or not a law is in accordance with the injunctions of Islam, was created along with the Ordinances. Under the ordinances, tazir punishments often involve flogging. evidence must be from a confession by the accused, or at least two Muslim adult male witnesses who are `tazkiyah al shuhood`, (truthful and non sinners). Theft liable to tazir: Whoever commits theft, which, is not liable to 'hadd' or
for which there is no confession or evidence provided by two qualifying Muslim adult male witnesses, or
for which 'hadd' may not be imposed or enforced under this Ordinance;
Punishment for theft liable to tazir: is stipulated in the Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860).
Бить
В 1996 году Закон об отмене телесных наказаний (принятый Пакистанской народной партией Беназир Бхутто) запретил назначение телесных наказаний правонарушителям, за исключением случаев, когда они назначаются в качестве хадда. Это "значительно сократило" количество случаев применения телесных наказаний.
Закон о уголовном праве (изменение) (преступление изнасилования) 2016 года
7 октября 2016 года парламент Пакистана единогласно принял новые законопроекты о противодействии изнасилованиям и убийствам из-за чести. Новые законы предусматривают более суровые наказания для лиц, совершивших данные преступления. В соответствии с новым законопроектом о противодействии изнасилованиям, проведение ДНК-экспертизы стало обязательным по делам об изнасиловании. Согласно новому закону, за изнасилование несовершеннолетнего или лица с ментальными или физическими ограничениями предусмотрено наказание в виде смертной казни или пожизненного заключения. Показания женщины, пережившей изнасилование или сексуальное насилие, должны быть зафиксированы следователем в присутствии сотрудницы полиции или женщины-члена семьи потерпевшей. Потерпевшие от изнасилования в случае необходимости будут обеспечены юридической помощью со стороны регионального совета адвокатов. Новый закон также устанавливает, что судебные разбирательства по таким преступлениям, как изнасилование и связанные с ним деяния, должны проводиться за закрытыми дверями, и разрешает использование технологий, таких как видеосвязь, для записи показаний жертвы и свидетелей, чтобы оградить их от унижения или риска, связанного с явкой в суд.