Недальний открытый центральный гласный звук

Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɐ⟩ in IPA

The near open central vowel, or near low central vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a rotated lowercase double story a. In English this vowel is most typically transcribed with the symbol , i. e. as if it were open mid back. That pronunciation is still found in some dialects, but many speakers use a central vowel like or To avoid the trap–strut merger, Standard Southern British English is moving away from the quality towards found in RP spoken in the first half of the 20th century (e. g. in Daniel Jones's speech). Much like , is a versatile symbol that is not defined for roundedness and that can be used for vowels that are near open central, near open near front, near open near back, open mid central, open central or an (often unstressed) vowel with variable height, backness and/or roundedness that is produced in that general area. For open central unrounded vowels transcribed with , see open central unrounded vowel. When the usual transcription of the near open near front and the near open near back variants is different from , they are listed in near open front unrounded vowel and open back unrounded vowel or open back rounded vowel, respectively. The near open central unrounded vowel is sometimes the only open vowel in a language and then is typically transcribed with .

It is undefined for roundedness, which means that it can be either rounded or unrounded. In practice however, the unrounded variant is more common.

In the following list, is assumed to be unrounded. The rounded variant is transcribed as Some instances of the latter may actually be fully open. Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Adyghe [[Adyghe language#Alphabet / să 'I' Varies between near open and open mid See Adyghe phonology Bengali [[Bengali alphabet / pa 'leg' Typically transcribed in IPA with See Bengali phonology Bulgarian [[Bulgarian alphabet/para 'coin' Unstressed allophone of and May be transcribed in IPA with See Bulgarian phonology Burmese [[Burmese alphabet/maat 'vertical' Allophone of in syllables closed by a glottal stop and when nasalized; realized as fully open in open oral syllables. Catalan Barcelona metropolitan area [[Catalan alphabet 'to store' Corresponds to in other Eastern dialects. See Catalan phonology Chinese Cantonese [[Chinese characters / [[Jyutping 'heart' Open mid. See Cantonese phonology Shanghainese [[Chinese characters 'to cut' Appears only in closed syllables; the exact height and backness is somewhat variable. Danish [[Danish orthography 'understands' Typically realized the same as , i. e. Other possible realizations are and See Danish phonology Dinka Luanyjang laŋ 'berry' Short allophone of ; varies between near open and open mid Emilian[[Bolognese dialect'Bologna'Centralized English California nut 'nut' See English phonology Cockney Near front. East Anglian Used in some places (e. g. Colchester) instead of the traditional New Zealand Varies between near open near front , near open central , open near front and open central See New Zealand English phonology Received Pronunciation Increasingly retracted to to avoid the trap strut merger. See English phonology Inland Northern American bet 'bet' Variation of used in some places whose accents have undergone the Northern cities vowel shift. Middle Class London lot 'lot' Rounded; can be back instead. [[Norwegian alphabet 'to bathe' The example word illustrates both the rounded and the unrounded Piedmontese Eastern Piedmont pauta 'mud' Common realization of final unstressed Portuguese [[Portuguese orthography 'act' (subj.) Closer in European Portuguese than in Brazilian Portuguese See Portuguese phonologyPunjabiਖੰਡ / 'sugar'Common realization of , the inherent vowel of Punjabi. See Punjabi phonologyਪਊਆ / 'metric half pint'Can occur as realization of tense or in some contexts followed by a geminate semi vowel. Romanian Moldavian dialects [[Romanian alphabet 'man' Corresponds to in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology Russian Standard Moscow [[Russian orthography / golova 'head' Corresponds to in standard Saint Petersburg pronunciation; occurs mostly immediately before stressed syllables. See Russian phonology Sabiny Contrasts overshort unrounded and overshort rounded near open central vowels. Ukrainian [[Ukrainian orthography / slyva 'plum' See Ukrainian phonology Vietnamese [[Vietnamese alphabet 'askance' Typically transcribed in IPA with See Vietnamese phonology Xumi 'salt' Near open in Lower Xumi, open mid in Upper Xumi. The latter phone may be transcribed with The example word is from Lower Xumi.