Введение
Единица электрического заряда по системе СГС Франклин (Fr), статкуло́мб (statC) или электростатическая единица заряда (esu) – физическая единица электрического заряда, используемая в варианте электростатических единиц сантиметр-грамм-секунда (CGS ESU) и гауссовской системе единиц. Это производная единица, заданная как 1 statC = 1 dyn<sup>1/2</sup>⋅cm = 1 cm<sup>3/2</sup>⋅g<sup>1/2</sup>⋅s<sup>−1</sup>. То есть, она определена таким образом, что величина CGS ESU, соответствующая константе Кулона, является безразмерной величиной, равной 1. Перевод между ньютоном и диной, а также между метром и сантиметром осуществляется по формулам: 1 ньютон = 10<sup>5</sup> дина и 1 см = 10<sup>−2</sup> м.
The franklin (Fr), statcoulomb (statC), or electrostatic unit of charge (esu) is the physical unit for electrical charge used in the centimetre–gram–second electrostatic units variant (CGS ESU) and Gaussian systems of units. It is a derived unit given by
em = 1.5 | text = 1 statC = 1 dyn1/2⋅cm = 1 cm3/2⋅g1/2⋅s−1. That is, it is defined so that the CGS ESU quantity that corresponds to the Coulomb constant is a dimensionless quantity equal to 1. It can be converted using
em = 1.5 | text = 1 newton = 105 dyne
em = 1.5 | text = 1 cm = 10−2 m
The SI system of units uses the coulomb (C) instead. The conversion between C and statC is different in different contexts. The most common contexts are:
For electric charge:
For electric flux (ΦD):
The symbol "≘" ('corresponds to') is used instead of "=" because the two sides are not interchangeable, as discussed below. The number 2997924580 is 10 times the numeric value of the speed of light expressed in metres/second, and the conversions are exact except where indicated. The second context implies that the SI and CGS units for an electric displacement field (D) are related by:
due to the relation between the metre and the centimetre. The coulomb is an extremely large charge rarely encountered in electrostatics, while the statcoulomb is closer to everyday charges.
В системе СИ вместо этого используется кулон (C). Перевод между кулоном (C) и статкуло́мбом (statC) различается в зависимости от контекста. Наиболее распространенные контексты:
Для электрического заряда:
Для электрического потока (Φ<sub>D</sub>):
The franklin (Fr), statcoulomb (statC), or electrostatic unit of charge (esu) is the physical unit for electrical charge used in the centimetre–gram–second electrostatic units variant (CGS ESU) and Gaussian systems of units. It is a derived unit given by
em = 1.5 | text = 1 statC = 1 dyn1/2⋅cm = 1 cm3/2⋅g1/2⋅s−1. That is, it is defined so that the CGS ESU quantity that corresponds to the Coulomb constant is a dimensionless quantity equal to 1. It can be converted using
em = 1.5 | text = 1 newton = 105 dyne
em = 1.5 | text = 1 cm = 10−2 m
The SI system of units uses the coulomb (C) instead. The conversion between C and statC is different in different contexts. The most common contexts are:
For electric charge:
For electric flux (ΦD):
The symbol "≘" ('corresponds to') is used instead of "=" because the two sides are not interchangeable, as discussed below. The number 2997924580 is 10 times the numeric value of the speed of light expressed in metres/second, and the conversions are exact except where indicated. The second context implies that the SI and CGS units for an electric displacement field (D) are related by:
due to the relation between the metre and the centimetre. The coulomb is an extremely large charge rarely encountered in electrostatics, while the statcoulomb is closer to everyday charges.
Символ "≘" ("соответствует") используется вместо "=" , поскольку обе стороны не взаимозаменяемы, как будет описано ниже. Число 2997924580 в 10 раз превышает численное значение скорости света, выраженное в метрах в секунду, и преобразования точны, за исключением указанных случаев. Второй контекст подразумевает, что единицы СИ и СГС для электрического поля смещения (D) связаны соотношением:
The franklin (Fr), statcoulomb (statC), or electrostatic unit of charge (esu) is the physical unit for electrical charge used in the centimetre–gram–second electrostatic units variant (CGS ESU) and Gaussian systems of units. It is a derived unit given by
em = 1.5 | text = 1 statC = 1 dyn1/2⋅cm = 1 cm3/2⋅g1/2⋅s−1. That is, it is defined so that the CGS ESU quantity that corresponds to the Coulomb constant is a dimensionless quantity equal to 1. It can be converted using
em = 1.5 | text = 1 newton = 105 dyne
em = 1.5 | text = 1 cm = 10−2 m
The SI system of units uses the coulomb (C) instead. The conversion between C and statC is different in different contexts. The most common contexts are:
For electric charge:
For electric flux (ΦD):
The symbol "≘" ('corresponds to') is used instead of "=" because the two sides are not interchangeable, as discussed below. The number 2997924580 is 10 times the numeric value of the speed of light expressed in metres/second, and the conversions are exact except where indicated. The second context implies that the SI and CGS units for an electric displacement field (D) are related by:
due to the relation between the metre and the centimetre. The coulomb is an extremely large charge rarely encountered in electrostatics, while the statcoulomb is closer to everyday charges.
из-за соотношения между метром и сантиметром. Кулон – это чрезвычайно большой заряд, редко встречающийся в электростатике, в то время как статкуло́мб ближе к величинам зарядов, с которыми мы сталкиваемся в повседневной жизни.
The franklin (Fr), statcoulomb (statC), or electrostatic unit of charge (esu) is the physical unit for electrical charge used in the centimetre–gram–second electrostatic units variant (CGS ESU) and Gaussian systems of units. It is a derived unit given by
em = 1.5 | text = 1 statC = 1 dyn1/2⋅cm = 1 cm3/2⋅g1/2⋅s−1. That is, it is defined so that the CGS ESU quantity that corresponds to the Coulomb constant is a dimensionless quantity equal to 1. It can be converted using
em = 1.5 | text = 1 newton = 105 dyne
em = 1.5 | text = 1 cm = 10−2 m
The SI system of units uses the coulomb (C) instead. The conversion between C and statC is different in different contexts. The most common contexts are:
For electric charge:
For electric flux (ΦD):
The symbol "≘" ('corresponds to') is used instead of "=" because the two sides are not interchangeable, as discussed below. The number 2997924580 is 10 times the numeric value of the speed of light expressed in metres/second, and the conversions are exact except where indicated. The second context implies that the SI and CGS units for an electric displacement field (D) are related by:
due to the relation between the metre and the centimetre. The coulomb is an extremely large charge rarely encountered in electrostatics, while the statcoulomb is closer to everyday charges.
Определение и отношение к базовым единицам СКГ
Статкулон определяется таким образом, что если два неподвижных объекта несут каждый заряд в 1 статКл и находятся на расстоянии 1 друг от друга, они будут электрически отталкиваться друг от друга с силой в 1 дин. Это отталкивание описывается законом Кулона, который в системе СГС Гаусса имеет вид:
where F is the force, q and q are the two charges, and r is the distance between the charges. Performing dimensional analysis on Coulomb's law, the dimension of electrical charge in CGS must be [mass]1/2 [length]3/2 [time]−1. (This statement is not true in SI units; see below.) We can be more specific in light of the definition above: Substituting F = 1 dyn, q = q = 1 statC, and r = 1 cm, we get:
em = 1.5 | text = 1 statC = g1/2⋅cm3/2⋅s−1
as expected.
где F — сила, q и q — два заряда, а r — расстояние между зарядами. Проводя размерный анализ закона Кулона, получаем, что размерность электрического заряда в СГС должна быть [масса]¹/² [длина]³/² [время]⁻¹. (Это утверждение неверно для системы СИ; см. ниже.) Мы можем быть точнее, исходя из приведенного выше определения: подставляя F = 1 дин, q = q = 1 статКл и r = 1 см, получаем:
where F is the force, q and q are the two charges, and r is the distance between the charges. Performing dimensional analysis on Coulomb's law, the dimension of electrical charge in CGS must be [mass]1/2 [length]3/2 [time]−1. (This statement is not true in SI units; see below.) We can be more specific in light of the definition above: Substituting F = 1 dyn, q = q = 1 statC, and r = 1 cm, we get:
em = 1.5 | text = 1 statC = g1/2⋅cm3/2⋅s−1
as expected.
1 статКл = г¹/²⋅см³/²⋅с⁻¹, как и ожидалось.
where F is the force, q and q are the two charges, and r is the distance between the charges. Performing dimensional analysis on Coulomb's law, the dimension of electrical charge in CGS must be [mass]1/2 [length]3/2 [time]−1. (This statement is not true in SI units; see below.) We can be more specific in light of the definition above: Substituting F = 1 dyn, q = q = 1 statC, and r = 1 cm, we get:
em = 1.5 | text = 1 statC = g1/2⋅cm3/2⋅s−1
as expected.