Фрэнсис Гоф: Жизнь и карьера британского актера

British actor (1916–2011)

Francis Michael Gough (/ɡ//ɒ//f/ GOF; 23 November 1916 – 17 March 2011) was a British character actor who made more than 150 film and television appearances. He is known for his roles in the Hammer horror films from 1958, with his first role as Sir Arthur Holmwood in Dracula, and for his recurring role as Alfred Pennyworth from 1989 to 1997 in the four Batman films directed by Tim Burton and Joel Schumacher. He appeared in three more Burton films: Sleepy Hollow, voicing Elder Gutknecht in Corpse Bride and the Dodo in Alice in Wonderland. Gough also appeared in popular British television shows, including Doctor Who (as the titular villain in The Celestial Toymaker (1966) and as Councillor Hedin in Arc of Infinity (1983)), and in an episode of The Avengers as the automation obsessed wheelchair user Dr. Armstrong in "The Cybernauts" (1965). In 1956 he received a British Academy Television Award for Best Actor. At the National Theatre in London Gough excelled as a comedian, playing a resigned and rueful parent in Alan Ayckbourn's Bedroom Farce (1977). When the comedy transferred to Broadway in 1978 he won a Tony Award. One of Gough's most well received West End roles was as Baron von Epp in the 1983 revival of John Osborne's A Patriot for Me.

Gough was born in Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States (now Malaysia) on 23 November 1916, the son of English parents Francis Berkeley Gough, a rubber planter, and Frances Atkins (née Bailie). Gough was educated at Rose Hill School, Tunbridge Wells, and at Durham School. He moved on to Wye Agricultural College, which he left to go to the Old Vic. During World War II Gough was a conscientious objector, like his friend Frith Banbury, although he was obliged to serve in the Non Combatant Corps, a member of 6 Northern Company, in Liverpool.

In 1948, Gough made his film debut in Blanche Fury and thereafter appeared extensively on British television. In 1955, he portrayed one of the two murderers (the other was Michael Ripper) who kill the Duke of Clarence (John Gielgud), as well as the Princes in the Tower in Laurence Olivier's Richard III. He became known for his appearances in horror films; following his performance as Arthur Holmwood in Hammer's original Dracula (1958), his horror roles mainly saw him feature as slimy villains, notably in Horrors of the Black Museum (1959), Konga (1961), The Phantom of the Opera (1962), Black Zoo (1963), Trog (1970), The Corpse (1971), Horror Hospital (1973) and Norman J. Warren's cheaply made Satanism shocker Satan's Slave (1976). He also spoofed his horror persona in What a Carve Up! (1961) as a sinister butler. He also appeared in the comedy film Top Secret! (1984), alongside Val Kilmer (the latter's first feature film), with whom he would also work later in the film Batman Forever. Gough guest starred in Doctor Who, as the titular villain in The Celestial Toymaker (1966) and also as Councillor Hedin in Arc of Infinity (1983). He was set to reprise his role as the Toymaker in the proposed 23rd season story The Nightmare Fair, but the season and the serial were cancelled and never produced. He also played the automation obsessed wheelchair user Dr. Armstrong in "The Cybernauts", one of the best remembered episodes of The Avengers (1965), returning the following season as the Russian spymaster Nutski in "The Correct Way to Kill". He was introduced in the first season episode "Maximum Security" of Colditz as Major "Willi" Schaeffer, the alcoholic second in command of the Kommandant (Bernard Hepton). In the Ian Curteis television play Suez 1956 (1979), he portrayed Prime Minister Anthony Eden. In 1981, he was reunited with Laurence Olivier in Granada Television's Brideshead Revisited, portraying the doctor to Olivier's dying Lord Marchmain. He played Mikhel, a slippery assistant to a slain British spy opposite Alec Guinness in the television adaptation of John le Carré's Smiley's People the following year. Gough also appeared in The Citadel (1983) as Sir Jenner Halliday, in 1985's Out of Africa as Lord Delamere and as the fictional deposed KGB spymaster Andrei Zorin in Sleepers.

Later in his career, he memorably played Alfred Pennyworth in Tim Burton's blockbuster films Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992). He returned to the role in Batman Forever (1995) and Batman & Robin (1997) for Joel Schumacher. Gough was one of two actors to have appeared in the four Batman films in the Burton/Schumacher series—the other being Pat Hingle as Commissioner Gordon. He also voiced the character in two BBC radio dramas—Batman: The Lazarus Syndrome (1989) and the 1994 adaptation of Batman: Knightfall. Gough reprised his role in a 1989 advertisement for Diet Coke and in 2000, in six television commercials for the OnStar automobile tracking system (informing Batman of the system's installation in the Batmobile). Gough retired in 1999 after appearing in Burton's Sleepy Hollow. He would emerge from retirement twice more, both as a favour to Burton, to voice Elder Gutknecht in Corpse Bride and the Dodo in Alice in Wonderland.

Gough was married four times. He married his first wife Diana Graves in 1937; their son Simon Peter was born in 1942 and they divorced in 1948. His second wife was Anne Elizabeth Leon (born 1925). They married in 1950, their daughter Emma Frances was born in 1953 and they divorced in 1962. believing that Gough was her biological father. Gough married Henrietta Lawrence (his fourth wife) in 1981, and they remained together until his death. In 1957 he won a BAFTA TV Award and in 1971, was nominated for a BAFTA Film Award for his work in The Go Between. He was nominated for a Drama Desk Award Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play in 1979 for Bedroom Farce and again in 1988 for Breaking the Code. Michael Keaton, who played the title character in the first two theatrical Batman films opposite Gough, paid tribute to him, describing him as sweet and charming, and wrote "To Mick – my butler, my confidant, my friend, my Alfred. I love you. God bless. Michael (Mr. Wayne) Keaton." Gough was added to In Memoriam at the 18th Screen Actors Guild Awards.

Year Title Role Notes 1948 Anna Karenina Nicholai Blanche Fury Laurence Fury Saraband for Dead Lovers Prince Charles 1949 Capt. Dick Stuart 1950 Ha'penny Breeze Uncredited 1951 Blackmailed Maurice Edwards No Resting Place Alec Kyle Michael Corland Night Was Our Friend Martin Raynor 1953 Twice Upon a Time Mr. Lloyd Duke of Buckingham Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue Duke of Montrose 1955 Richard III Dighton, the first murderer 1956 Reach for the Sky Flying Instructor Pearson 1957 Night Ambush Andoni Zoidakis The House in the Woods Geoffrey Carter 1958 Horror of Dracula Arthur Holmwood Abel 1959 Model for Murder Kingsley Beauchamp Horrors of the Black Museum Edmond Bancroft 1961 Konga Dr. Charles Decker Mr. Topaze Tamise What a Carve Up! Fisk, the butler 1962 Candidate for Murder Donald Edwards Edgar Wallace Mysteries Ambrose D'Arcy 1963 Black Zoo Michael Conrad Tamahine Cartwright 1965 Game for Three Losers Robert Hilary Edgar Wallace Mysteries Dr. Terror's House of Horrors Eric Landor (segment "Disembodied Hand") Auctioneer 1967 They Came from Beyond Space Master of the Moon Berserk! Albert Dorando 1968 One Night A Train Jeremiah Curse of the Crimson Altar Elder Also known as The Crimson Cult 1969 Mad Monk Women in Love Tom Brangwen 1970 Julius Caesar Metellus Cimber Trog Sam Murdock 1971 Mr. Maudsley The Corpse Walter Eastwood Also known as Crucible of Horror 1972 Savage Messiah M. Gaudier Henry VIII and His Six Wives Norfolk 1973 Horror Hospital Dr. Christian Storm Emeric Belasco Uncredited 1975 Galileo Sagredo The Man from Nowhere Man Voice, Uncredited 1976 Satan's Slave Uncle Alexander Yorke 1978 Mr. Harrington L'Amour en question Sir Baldwin Credited as Michaël Gough 1981 Venom David Ball 1983 Frank Carrington 1984 Memed My Hawk Kerimoglu Top Secret! Dr. Paul Flammond Oxford Blues Doctor Ambrose 1985 Out of Africa Baron Delamere 1986 Caravaggio Cardinal Del Monte 1987 Maschenka Vater Sir Bernard Hemmings 1988 Dr. Earl "Schoonie" Schoonbacher Rarg Professor Short Film 1989 Strapless Douglas Brodie 1989 Batman Alfred Pennyworth Batman: The Lazarus Syndrome Voice 1990 The Garden 1991 Let Him Have It Lord Goddard The Wanderer Veteran Wanderer Short Film 1992 Batman Returns Alfred Pennyworth 1993 Wittgenstein Bertrand Russell Henry van der Luyden The Advocate Magistrate Boniface 1994 Uncovered Don Manuel Nostradamus Jean de Remy 1995 Batman Forever Alfred Pennyworth 1997 Batman & Robin 1998 What Rats Won't Do Justice Tomlin St. Ives Comte de Saint Yves The Whisper Nikolay 1947 Short Film 1999 Feers Sleepy Hollow Notary James Hardenbrook The Strange Case of Delphina Potocka or The Mystery of Chopin The Doctor 2005 Corpse Bride Elder Gutknecht Voice 2010 Alice in Wonderland Uilleam the Dodo Bird Voice;final film role

Year Title Role Notes 1946 Androcles and the Lion Spintho Television film 1949 Crime Passionel Hugo Whitehall Wonders Stephen Blair 1950 Master of Arts Ronald Knight, MA 1951 Androcles and the Lion Captain 1951–1956 BBC Saturday Night Theatre Michael / Francis Hubbard / Lt. Geoffrey Ainsworth 3 episodes 1953 Wednesday Theatre Brama Glinsky Episode: "Curtain Down" 1954 The Lover The Lover Television short Rheingold Theatre Charlie Episode: "The Man Who Heard Everything" Stage by Stage Loveless Episode: "The Relapse or, Virtue in Danger" 1955 Sherlock Holmes Mr. Russel Partridge Episode: "The Case of the Perfect Husband" 1955–1958 ITV Television Playhouse Sir David Lavering / David Ryerson / Hugo / Dawson 5 episodes 1955–1961 ITV Play of the Week Rev. Claude Bell / Georges Renaud / Gregers Werle / Rakitin 4 episodes 1956 Theatre Royal The Stranger Episode: "Just Off Piccadilly" Assignment Foreign Legion Andre La Palme Episode: "The Outcast" Fanny The Admiral Television film 1956–1959 Armchair Theatre George in 'Double Exit' / The Doctor 2 episodes 1957 The Two Mrs. Carrolls Geoffrey Carroll Television film The Peaceful Inn Hatlock 1959 World Theatre Cassius Episode: "Julius Caesar" Dancers in Mourning Squire Mercer 6 episodes 1960 DuPont Show of the Month Dr. Livesey Episode: "Treasure Island" The Adventures of Robin Hood Boland Episode: "The Edge and the Point" 1961 Thirty Minute Theatre Currently Unknown Episode: "A Matter of Principle" Rendezvous Scionneau Episode: "The Executioner" 1962 Drama 61 67 Charles Episode: "Drama '62: The Lonesome Road" 1962–1965 The Edgar Wallace Mystery Theatre Robert Hilary / Donald Edwards 2 episodes 1964 The Great War Various Episode: "So Sleep Easy in Your Beds" The Saint Colin Phillips Episode: "The Imprudent Politician" The Count of Monte Cristo Gérard de Villefort 7 episodes 1964–1967 Theatre 625 Harry / Geoffrey Melville / Clodius Pulcher 3 episodes 1965 Undermind Rev. Austen Anderson Episode: "Flowers of Havoc" The Man in Room 17 Andrei Konev Episode: "The Seat of Power" Sunday Night Pausanias Episode: "The Drinking Party" 1965–1967 The Avengers Nutski / Dr. Armstrong 2 episodes 1966 BBC Play of the Month Eliut Episode: "Days to Come" Alice in Wonderland March Hare Television play Doctor Who: The Celestial Toymaker Celestial Toymaker 4 episodes 1966–1967 Orlando Harry Prentice 5 episodes 1967 Pride and Prejudice Mr. Bennet 6 episodes 1968 Thirty Minute Theatre Ted Warner Episode: "Standing by for Santa Claus" Detective Holroyd Episode: "Lesson in Anatomy" For Amusement Only Henry Episode: "Henry the Incredible Bore" Journey to the Unknown Royal Episode: "Eve" The Champions Major Joss Episode: "Happening" Treasure Island Squire Trelawney 7 episodes 1969–1972 Omnibus Vincent van Gogh / Astronaut 2 episodes 1971 Seeing and Believing Job Episode: "The Trial of Job" Kate Alan Tatley Episode: "Good and Proper" Search for the Nile David Livingstone 3 episodes 1972 Spy Trap Cooper Episode: "Who Among Us? : Part 6" The Main Chance Sir George Andrews Episode: "One for the House" Colditz Major Schaeffer Episode: "Maximum Security" The Man Who Came to Dinner Beverly Carlton Television film 1973 The Protectors Shkodër Episode: "One and One Makes One" The Rivals of Sherlock Holmes Governor Episode: "Cell 13" Moonbase 3 Sir Benjamin Dyce Episode: "View of a Dead Planet" 1973–1983 Crown Court Mr. Justice Galbraith / Justice Galbraith / Dr. De Quincey 3 Episodes 1974 QB VII Dr. Fletcher Episode: "Part Three" Shoulder to Shoulder Dr. Richard Pankhurst 2 episodes Fall of Eagles Helphand Episode: "The Secret War" Late Night Drama Potter Episode: "A Brisk Dip Sagaciously Considered" ITV Playhouse Bill Wakely Episode: "The Gift of Friendship" Microbes and Men Sir Almroth Wright Episode: "The Search for the Magic Bullet" Notorious Woman Henri de Latouche Episode: "Success" Jennie: Lady Randolph Churchill Mr. Yule Episode: "Lady Randolph" 1975 Sutherland's Law James Shaw Episode: "In at The Deep End" Ten from the Twenties Peter Episode: "The Fifty Pound Note" 1975–1976 Centre Play Father / Matt 2 episodes 1976 Shades of Greene Ransom Episode: "The Case for the Defence" Life and Death of Penelope Winthrop Episode: "The Reaper" 1979 Suez 1956 Sir Anthony Eden Television film 1980 Blake's 7 Hower Episode: "Volcano" 1981 Brideshead Revisited Doctor Grant Episode: "Brideshead Revisited" 1982 Barriers Old man Episode: "#2.6" Inside the Third Reich Dr. Rust Television film Smiley's People Mikhel Television Miniseries The Agatha Christie Hour Sir George Durand Episode: "The Fourth Man" Strangers Professor Whittingham Episode: "The Lost Chord" Witness for the Prosecution Judge Television film Play for Today Professor Burrows Episode: "Another Flip for Dominick" Cymbeline Belarius Television Film 1983 Doctor Who: Arc of Infinity Councillor Hedin 3 episodes To the Lighthouse Mr. Ramsay Television film The Citadel Sir Jenner Halliday Episode: "Part 10" Andy Robson Arthur 2 episodes Heartattack Hotel Mr. Todd Television film 1984 Mistral's Daughter Cardinal 3 episodes The Biko Inquest Professor Loubser / State Pathologist Television film A Christmas Carol Mr. Poole 1985 Arthur the King Archbishop Hilary Hilary's Dad Episode: "#1.4" Lace II Unnamed Character Television film 1986 Screen Two Peter Episode: "Hard Travelling" Ladies in Charge Arthur James Episode: "Dangerous Prelude" 1986–1987 The Little Vampire Uncle Theodor / Uncle Ludwig 7 episodes 1987 Inspector Morse Philip Ogleby Episode: "The Silent World of Nichlas Quinn" A Killing on the Exchange Charles Makepeace 2 episodes Screenplay Albani Episode: "Cariani and the Courtesans" 1988 Ten Great Writers of the Modern World Reader Episode: "T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land" 1989 Mystery! : Campion Mr. Hayhoe 2 episodes After the War Professor Charlie Rampling Episode: "Rise and Fall" Screen One Mr. Maggs Episode: "The Mountain and the Molehill" The Shell Seekers Roy Brookner Television film Blackeyes Maurice James Kingsley 4 episodes 1990 Boon Donald Bannerman Episode: "Best Left Buried" 1991 The Diamond Brothers Mr. Waverly 6 episodes Sleepers Andrei Zorin 4 episodes Children of the North Arthur Apple 1992 The Good Guys Hector Episode: "The MacQuarrie Treasure" 1995 A Village Affair Sir Ralph Unwin Television film The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat Voices 4 episodes The Haunting of Helen Walker Barnaby Television film 1996 Young Indiana Jones: Travels with Father Leo Tolstoy