Введение
Метод создания новых команд в спорте
An expansion draft, in professional sports, occurs when a sports league decides to create one or more new expansion teams or franchises. This occurs mainly in North American sports and closed leagues. One of the ways of stocking the new team or teams is an expansion draft. Although how each league conducts them varies, and they vary from occasion to occasion, the system is usually something similar to the following:
Each existing team is told it can "protect" a certain number of its existing contracted players by furnishing their names to the league office on or before a certain date. The expansion team(s) then are allowed to select players not on the protected lists in a manner somewhat similar to an entry draft. There are generally a maximum number of players that can be selected from any one team, at least without the team losing the player receiving something in compensation such as a future entry draft pick. Teams subject to losing players usually tend to put most if not all of the players they truly need to stay competitive on the protected list. This means that the expansion franchise is often left to choose among players who are old, injury prone, failing to develop as the teams had intended, or perhaps so highly compensated that a team wishes to remove them from the payroll. For this reason, expansion teams are often noncompetitive in their early years in a league, although the advent of the free agent system has modified this somewhat. Marc André Fleury, who won three Stanley Cups with the Pittsburgh Penguins, is a notable exception of a star player in their prime being left exposed in an expansion draft, being made available for the Vegas Golden Knights in the 2017 NHL Expansion Draft after Fleury was made expendable due to the rise of Matt Murray at goaltender. The rules of the draft can be tweaked by the league to make the expansion team more competitive if that is the business objective of the league's expansion. Most teams seem to try largely to make a team which will serve until it can begin to develop its own talent, although occasionally players discarded by their old teams benefit from the change in environment and become stars, either again or for the first time. A similar process occurs when an existing franchise is disbanded and the players contracted to it become available to the remaining teams; this process is referred to as a dispersal draft.
Драфт расширения в профессиональном спорте происходит, когда спортивная лига принимает решение о создании одной или нескольких новых команд или франшиз. Это происходит преимущественно в североамериканских видах спорта и закрытых лигах. Один из способов комплектования новой команды или команд – драфт расширения. Хотя правила проведения драфта различаются в зависимости от лиги и даже от конкретного случая, система обычно выглядит следующим образом:
An expansion draft, in professional sports, occurs when a sports league decides to create one or more new expansion teams or franchises. This occurs mainly in North American sports and closed leagues. One of the ways of stocking the new team or teams is an expansion draft. Although how each league conducts them varies, and they vary from occasion to occasion, the system is usually something similar to the following:
Each existing team is told it can "protect" a certain number of its existing contracted players by furnishing their names to the league office on or before a certain date. The expansion team(s) then are allowed to select players not on the protected lists in a manner somewhat similar to an entry draft. There are generally a maximum number of players that can be selected from any one team, at least without the team losing the player receiving something in compensation such as a future entry draft pick. Teams subject to losing players usually tend to put most if not all of the players they truly need to stay competitive on the protected list. This means that the expansion franchise is often left to choose among players who are old, injury prone, failing to develop as the teams had intended, or perhaps so highly compensated that a team wishes to remove them from the payroll. For this reason, expansion teams are often noncompetitive in their early years in a league, although the advent of the free agent system has modified this somewhat. Marc André Fleury, who won three Stanley Cups with the Pittsburgh Penguins, is a notable exception of a star player in their prime being left exposed in an expansion draft, being made available for the Vegas Golden Knights in the 2017 NHL Expansion Draft after Fleury was made expendable due to the rise of Matt Murray at goaltender. The rules of the draft can be tweaked by the league to make the expansion team more competitive if that is the business objective of the league's expansion. Most teams seem to try largely to make a team which will serve until it can begin to develop its own talent, although occasionally players discarded by their old teams benefit from the change in environment and become stars, either again or for the first time. A similar process occurs when an existing franchise is disbanded and the players contracted to it become available to the remaining teams; this process is referred to as a dispersal draft.
Каждой существующей команде сообщают, что она может «защитить» определенное количество своих игроков, имеющих действующие контракты, предоставив их имена в офис лиги до определенной даты. Командам расширения затем разрешается выбирать игроков, не включенных в защищенные списки, по принципу, схожему с драфтом новичков. Обычно существует максимальное количество игроков, которое можно выбрать из одной команды, по крайней мере, без того, чтобы команда, теряющая игрока, получила компенсацию, например, право выбора на следующем драфте. Команды, рискующие потерять игроков, как правило, включают в защищенный список большинство, если не всех игроков, которые им действительно необходимы для сохранения конкурентоспособности. Это означает, что расширяющаяся франшиза часто вынуждена выбирать из игроков, которые уже стары, склонны к травмам, не оправдали ожиданий или имеют слишком высокую зарплату, от которой команда хочет избавиться. По этой причине команды расширения часто неконкурентоспособны в первые годы существования в лиге, хотя система свободных агентов несколько изменила эту ситуацию. Марк-Андре Флёри, выигравший три Кубка Стэнли с «Питтсбург Пингвинз», является заметным исключением – звездный игрок в расцвете сил был выставлен на драфт расширения, став доступным для «Вегас Голден Найтс» на драфте расширения НХЛ 2017 года после того, как Флёри стал не нужен команде из-за прогресса Мэтта Мюррея. Лига может корректировать правила драфта, чтобы повысить конкурентоспособность команды расширения, если это соответствует бизнес-целям расширения лиги. Большинство команд стремятся сформировать состав, который продержится до тех пор, пока они не смогут развивать собственных игроков, хотя иногда игроки, отчисленные из прежних команд, получают выгоду от смены обстановки и вновь становятся звездами или впервые достигают такого уровня. Аналогичный процесс происходит, когда существующая франшиза прекращает свое существование, и игроки, заключившие с ней контракты, становятся доступны для оставшихся команд; этот процесс называется драфтом расформирования.
An expansion draft, in professional sports, occurs when a sports league decides to create one or more new expansion teams or franchises. This occurs mainly in North American sports and closed leagues. One of the ways of stocking the new team or teams is an expansion draft. Although how each league conducts them varies, and they vary from occasion to occasion, the system is usually something similar to the following:
Each existing team is told it can "protect" a certain number of its existing contracted players by furnishing their names to the league office on or before a certain date. The expansion team(s) then are allowed to select players not on the protected lists in a manner somewhat similar to an entry draft. There are generally a maximum number of players that can be selected from any one team, at least without the team losing the player receiving something in compensation such as a future entry draft pick. Teams subject to losing players usually tend to put most if not all of the players they truly need to stay competitive on the protected list. This means that the expansion franchise is often left to choose among players who are old, injury prone, failing to develop as the teams had intended, or perhaps so highly compensated that a team wishes to remove them from the payroll. For this reason, expansion teams are often noncompetitive in their early years in a league, although the advent of the free agent system has modified this somewhat. Marc André Fleury, who won three Stanley Cups with the Pittsburgh Penguins, is a notable exception of a star player in their prime being left exposed in an expansion draft, being made available for the Vegas Golden Knights in the 2017 NHL Expansion Draft after Fleury was made expendable due to the rise of Matt Murray at goaltender. The rules of the draft can be tweaked by the league to make the expansion team more competitive if that is the business objective of the league's expansion. Most teams seem to try largely to make a team which will serve until it can begin to develop its own talent, although occasionally players discarded by their old teams benefit from the change in environment and become stars, either again or for the first time. A similar process occurs when an existing franchise is disbanded and the players contracted to it become available to the remaining teams; this process is referred to as a dispersal draft.
НБА
В истории Национальной баскетбольной ассоциации состоялось 11 драфтов расширения. Последний драфт расширения был проведен в 2004 году, когда «Шарлотта Бобкэтс» (ныне «Шарлотта Хорнетс») присоединились к лиге в качестве 30-й команды.
Хоккей на льду
В Национальной хоккейной лиге состоялось 13 драфтов расширения, включая драфт 1979 года после слияния НХЛ и ВХА. Самый последний драфт состоялся в 2021 году с участием команды «Сиэтл Кракен».