Фторополимеры: свойства, типы и применение.

Type of polymer
A fluoropolymer is a fluorocarbon based polymer with multiple carbon–fluorine bonds. It is characterized by a high resistance to solvents, acids, and bases. The best known fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene under the brand name "Teflon," trademarked by the DuPont Company.

In 1938, polytetrafluoroethylene (DuPont brand name Teflon) was discovered by accident by a recently hired DuPont Ph. D., Roy J. Plunkett. While working with tetrafluoroethylene gas to develop refrigerants, he noticed that a previously pressurized cylinder had no pressure remaining. In dissecting the cylinder, he found a mass of white solid in a quantity similar to that of the tetrafluoroethylene gas. It was determined that this material was a new to the world polymer. Tests showed the substance was resistant to corrosion from most acids, bases and solvents and had better high temperature stability than any other plastic. By early 1941, a crash program was making substantial quantities of PTFE for the Manhattan Project.

Fluoropolymers share the properties of fluorocarbons in that they are not as susceptible to the van der Waals force as hydrocarbons. This contributes to their non stick and friction reducing properties. Also, they are stable due to the stability multiple carbon–fluorine bonds add to a chemical compound. Fluoropolymers may be mechanically characterized as thermosets or thermoplastics. Fluoropolymers can be homopolymers or Copolymer.

Fluoropolymer Trade names Monomers Melting point (°C) PVF (polyvinylfluoride) Tedlar VF1 200 PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) Kynar Solef Hylar VF2 175 PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) Sold by AGC under the tradename Fluon PTFE; Sold by Dupont and Chemours Company under the tradename Teflon; sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers under the tradenames Algoflon Hyflon and Polymist; sold by Daikin under the tradename Polyflon TFE 327 PCTFE (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) Kel F (3M), Neoflon (Daikin), Voltalef (Arkema) CTFE 220 (perfluoroalkoxy polymer) Sold by AGC under the tradename Fluon PFA. Sold by DuPont under the tradename Teflon PFA. Sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers under the tradename Hyflon. Neoflon (Daikin) PPVE + TFE 305 FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene) Sold by DuPont under the tradename Teflon FEP. Also known as Neoflon (Daikin) and Hyflon HFP + TFE 260 ETFE (polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene) Sold by AGC under the trade name of FluonETFE Tefzel,; sold by Daikin under the tradename Neoflon TFE + E 265 ECTFE (polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene) Halar sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers CTFE + E FFPM/FFKM (Perfluorinated Elastomer [Perfluoroelastomer]) Kalrez. Tecnoflon PFR DAI EL (Daikin) FPM/FKM (Fluoroelastomer [Vinylidene Fluoride based copolymers]) Viton, Tecnoflon FKM, DAI EL (Daikin), Fluonox (Gujarat Fluorochemicals Limited) FEPM (Fluoroelastomer [Tetrafluoroethylene Propylene]) Sold by AGC under the trade name of AFLAS, TFE + P PFPE (Perfluoropolyether) Sold by DuPont under the tradename Krytox. Sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers S. p. A. as Fomblin and Galden PFSA (Perfluorosulfonic acid) Nafion Perfluoropolyoxetane

Property Method No. Units PTFE FEP PFA ETFE ECTFE PCTFE PVDF Specific gravity D792 2.17 2.15 2.15 1.7 1.7 2.15 1.78 Yield strength D638 MPa 10 12 15.5 24 31 40 46 Yield strength D638 PSI 1,450 1,740 2,250 3,480 4,500 5,800 6,670 Elongation % 200 500 250 350 300 200 500 200 300 80 250 20 150 Tensile modulus D638 MPa 600 500 700 1500 1655 1500 2400 Tensile modulus D638 ksi 87 72.5 101.5 217.5 240 218 348 Hardness D2240 Shore D 60 57 62 75 75 90 79 HDT, @ 66 PSI D648 °F 250 158 164 219 240 248 300 HDT, @ 264 PSI D648 °F 122 129 118 160 169 239 Limiting oxygen index D2863 % >95 >95 >95 30 36 Dielectric constant D150 1 MHz 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.6