ASTM International: Мировая организация по разработке стандартов

Standards organization

ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is an international standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. Some 12,575 ASTM voluntary consensus standards operate globally. The organization's headquarters is in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, about 5 mile (8 km) northwest of Philadelphia. It was founded in 1902 as the American Section of the International Association for Testing Materials (see also International Organization for Standardization).

In 1898, a group of scientists and engineers, led by Charles Dudley, formed ASTM to address the frequent rail breaks affecting the fast growing railroad industry. The group developed a standard for the steel used to fabricate rails. In 1961, originally called the "American Society for Testing Materials" it was changed to "American Society for Testing And Materials". In 2001, ASTM officially changed its name to "ASTM International" and added the tagline "Standards Worldwide". In 2014, the tagline changed to "Helping our World Work better." Now, ASTM International has offices in Belgium, Canada, China, Peru, Washington, D. C., and West Conshohocken, PA. In April of 2016, the Safety Equipment Institute (SEI) became a subsidiary of ASTM International. SEI is an accredited third party certification organization that certifies various types of PPE to industry consensus standards. On June 9, 2022, it was announced that the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and ASTM International agreed to extend and expand a Technical Cooperation Agreement from 2019.

Membership in the organization is open to anyone interested in its activities. Standards are developed within committees, and new committees are formed as needed, upon request of interested members. Membership in most committees is voluntary and is initiated by the member's request, not by appointment or invitation. Members are classified as users, producers, consumers, and "general interest". The latter includes academics and consultants. Users include industry users, who may be producers in the context of other technical commodities, and end users such as consumers. To meet the requirements of antitrust laws, producers must constitute less than 50% of every committee or subcommittee, and votes are limited to one per producer company. Because of these restrictions, there can be a substantial waiting list of producers seeking organizational memberships on the more popular committees. Members can, however, participate without a formal vote and their input will be fully considered. As of 2015, ASTM has more than 30,000 members, including over 1,150 organizational members, from more than 140 countries. The members serve on one or more of 140+ ASTM Technical Committees. ASTM International has several awards for contributions to standards authorship, including the ASTM International Award of Merit (the organization's highest award) ASTM International is classified by the United States Internal Revenue Service as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.

ASTM International has no role in requiring or enforcing compliance with its standards. The standards, however, may become mandatory when referenced by an external contract, corporation, or government. Corporations doing international business may choose to reference an ASTM standard. All toys sold in the United States must meet the safety requirements of ASTM F963, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety, as part of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA). The law makes the ASTM F963 standard a mandatory requirement for toys while the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) studies the standard's effectiveness and issues final consumer guidelines for toy safety.