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Введение
В Южной Корее 19 декабря 2002 года состоялись президентские выборы. Победу одержал Ро Му Хён из правящей Демократической партии тысячелетия, обойдя Ли Хой Чана из Великой национальной партии чуть более чем на полмиллиона голосов.
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Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 19 December 2002. The result was a victory for Roh Moo Hyun of the ruling Millennium Democratic Party, who defeated Lee Hoi chang of the Grand National Party by just over half a million votes.
Предыстория
Национальный конгресс новой политики президента Ким Дэ Чжуна (NCNP) в 2000 году был переименован в Партию тысячелетия демократов (MDP), однако партия испытывала трудности, поскольку потерпела поражение от Большой национальной партии (GNP) и на парламентских выборах 2000 года, и на губернаторских выборах 2002 года. Лидер GNP и вероятный кандидат в президенты Ли Хой Чхан показывал более высокие результаты в опросах, чем любой из кандидатов от MDP.
President Kim Dae jung's National Congress for New Politics (NCNP) re branded itself to Millennium Democratic Party (MDP) in 2000, but was struggling as it had defeated by the Grand National Party (GNP) both the 2000 parliamentary election and 2002 gubernatorial elections. GNP's then leader and probable presidential nominee Lee Hoi chang was polling higher than any MDP candidates.
Демократическая партия тысячелетия
Впервые в истории Южной Кореи Демократическая партия выдвинула своего кандидата в президенты посредством открытых предварительных выборов. В начале праймериз Ри Ин Дже, депутат парламента на протяжении трех сроков, который баллотировался против президента Ким Дэ Чжуна в 1997 году, а затем присоединился к правящей партии, значительно опережал других кандидатов во всех опросах общественного мнения. Однако, малоизвестный кандидат Ро Му Хён приобрел популярность после победы в дебатах в Кванджу и в конечном итоге выиграл выдвижение от своей партии, а затем и президентские выборы.
For the first time in South Korean history, the Democratic Party nominated its presidential candidate through open primaries. At the beginning of the primaries, Rhee In je, the 3 term congressman who ran against President Kim Dae jung in 1997 but afterwards joined the ruling party, led the other candidates by a considerable margin in every poll. However, fringe candidate Roh Moo hyun rose to prominence after winning the Gwangju contest, eventually winning his party's nomination and then the presidential election.
КонкурсLeeChoiLeeLeeГолоса%Голосов%Голосов%Голосов%Инчхон795.620114.3100.7Ульсан20627.2739.7314.1Чеджу6513.24812.1182.2Канвон1019.1716.4444.0Северный Кёнсан и Тэгу42711.41333.5541.4Северный Чолла11712.627829.9313.3Южный Кёнсан и Пусан93422.61974.81032.5Южный Чхунчхон и Тэджон1537.81246.3452.3Южный Чолла и Кванджу36817.951224.9673.3Кёнги42412.348614.1812.3Северный Чхунчхон15218.6607.3151.8Сеул166834.574315.31092.3Итого469418.3292611.46082.4
ContestLeeChoiLeeLeeVotes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Incheon795.620114.3100.7Ulsan20627.2739.7314.1Jeju6513.24812.1182.2Gangwon1019.1716.4444.0North Gyeongsang and Daegu42711.41333.5541.4North Jeolla11712.627829.9313.3South Gyeongsang and Busan93422.61974.81032.5South Chungcheong and Daejeon1537.81246.3452.3South Jeolla and Gwangju36817.951224.9673.3Gyeonggi42412.348614.1812.3North Chungcheong15218.6607.3151.8Seoul1,66834.574315.31092.3Total4,69418.32,92611.46082.4
Демократическая рабочая партия
Трудовой активист Квон Ён Гиль из Демократической рабочей партии был выдвинут кандидатом в президенты.
Labor activist Kwon Young ghil of the Democratic Labor Party was nominated for president.
Кампания
Несмотря на то, что деятельность действующего правительства была запятнана коррупционными скандалами, предвыборная кампания Ли Хой Чана пострадала от волны антиамериканских настроений в Корее, вызванной инцидентом на шоссе Янжу. Общественное мнение о Ли, которого широко воспринимали как проамерикански настроенного политика и предпочтительного кандидата администрации Джорджа Буша-младшего в Вашингтоне, ухудшилось. После проигрыша Роху с разрывом в 2% на выборах в декабре 2002 года Ли объявил о своем уходе из политики.
Although corruption scandals marred the incumbent government, Lee Hoi chang's campaign suffered from the wave of Anti American sentiment in Korea generated by the Yangju highway incident. Public opinion of Lee, who was widely seen as being both pro U. S. and the preferred candidate of the George W. Bush administration in Washington, D. C., suffered. After losing to Roh by 2% in the December 2002 elections, Lee subsequently announced his retirement from politics.
Коалиция Рох-Чунга
Чжун Монг Чжун, независимый конгрессмен от Ульсана и сын основателя Hyundai Чжун Джу Юна, стал настолько популярен, что начал появляться в предвыборных опросах как потенциальный кандидат в президенты после того, как, будучи президентом Корейской футбольной ассоциации, был признан одним из ключевых факторов, обеспечивших Корее право на проведение Чемпионата мира по футболу 2002 года. Чжун официально начал свою предвыборную кампанию в сентябре и во многих опросах опережал Роха и был близок к тому, чтобы обойти Ли. Многие демократические политики, недовольные выдвижением Роха, присоединились к кампании Чжуна. Однако, когда стало очевидно, что при участии как Роха, так и Чжуна, Ли одержит легкую победу, обе стороны решили объединить усилия вместо конкуренции. Они договорились о проведении двух опросов разными компаниями, победитель которых станет единым кандидатом. Для победы требовалось выиграть оба опроса, либо провести второй тур. Два опроса были проведены 24 ноября, но только один был признан действительным. Второй был аннулирован, поскольку стороны договорились, что любой опрос, в котором Ли Хой Чан набирает менее 30,4%, должен быть признан недействительным, так как существовала вероятность попыток манипуляции результатами со стороны его сторонников путем предоставления ложных ответов. Единственным действительным был признан опрос, проведенный компанией Research & Research, который выиграл Рох. В результате Чжун снял свою кандидатуру и поддержал Роха.
Chung Mong joon, the 3 term independent congressman from Ulsan and son of Hyundai founder Chung Ju yung, became so popular that he began appearing on polls for presidential election after he, as the president of the Korean Football Association, was credited for winning the right to host 2002 FIFA World Cup in Korea. Chung officially launched his presidential campaign in September, and in many polls beat Roh and came close to beating Lee. Many Democratic politicians that weren't happy with Roh's nomination joined Chung's campaign. However, when it seemed clear that if both Roh and Chung ran, Lee would win easily. The two sides decided to combine forces, instead of competing against each other. The two sides agreed on conducting two polls, each by different polling companies, where the winner would run as the unified candidate. The winner had to win both polls, or a second round had to occur. So the two poll was conducted on 24 November, but only one validated. The other one was invalidated, as the two sides had agreed that any poll with Lee Hoi chang polling less than 30.4% must be invalidated, since there could be a chance that Lee's supporters were attempting to manipulate the results by responding with an untrue answer. The only poll that was validated was the one conducted by the Research and Research, and it was won by Roh. Consequently, Chung withdrew his candidacy and endorsed Roh. +24 November 2002CandidateResearch and Research Poll# of polls wonRoh46.8%1Chung42.2%0Lee32.1%
However, Chung later broke his pledge on the night before the election, when he felt that Roh broke the promise to include Chung in for policy decisions and surrounded himself only with Democrats. Chung announced less than eight hours before the election that he was withdrawing his support for Roh and urged people to vote their conscience, but Roh won anyway.
24 ноября 2002 г.
Опрос Research & Research | Количество выигранных опросов
Рох 46,8% | 1
Чжун 42,2% | 0
Ли 32,1% |
Chung Mong joon, the 3 term independent congressman from Ulsan and son of Hyundai founder Chung Ju yung, became so popular that he began appearing on polls for presidential election after he, as the president of the Korean Football Association, was credited for winning the right to host 2002 FIFA World Cup in Korea. Chung officially launched his presidential campaign in September, and in many polls beat Roh and came close to beating Lee. Many Democratic politicians that weren't happy with Roh's nomination joined Chung's campaign. However, when it seemed clear that if both Roh and Chung ran, Lee would win easily. The two sides decided to combine forces, instead of competing against each other. The two sides agreed on conducting two polls, each by different polling companies, where the winner would run as the unified candidate. The winner had to win both polls, or a second round had to occur. So the two poll was conducted on 24 November, but only one validated. The other one was invalidated, as the two sides had agreed that any poll with Lee Hoi chang polling less than 30.4% must be invalidated, since there could be a chance that Lee's supporters were attempting to manipulate the results by responding with an untrue answer. The only poll that was validated was the one conducted by the Research and Research, and it was won by Roh. Consequently, Chung withdrew his candidacy and endorsed Roh. +24 November 2002CandidateResearch and Research Poll# of polls wonRoh46.8%1Chung42.2%0Lee32.1%
However, Chung later broke his pledge on the night before the election, when he felt that Roh broke the promise to include Chung in for policy decisions and surrounded himself only with Democrats. Chung announced less than eight hours before the election that he was withdrawing his support for Roh and urged people to vote their conscience, but Roh won anyway.
Однако позднее, накануне выборов, Чжун нарушил свое обещание, почувствовав, что Рох не сдержал обещание привлекать его к принятию политических решений и окружил себя исключительно демократами. Менее чем за восемь часов до выборов Чжун объявил об отзыве своей поддержки Роха и призвал избирателей голосовать по совести, но Рох все равно победил.
Chung Mong joon, the 3 term independent congressman from Ulsan and son of Hyundai founder Chung Ju yung, became so popular that he began appearing on polls for presidential election after he, as the president of the Korean Football Association, was credited for winning the right to host 2002 FIFA World Cup in Korea. Chung officially launched his presidential campaign in September, and in many polls beat Roh and came close to beating Lee. Many Democratic politicians that weren't happy with Roh's nomination joined Chung's campaign. However, when it seemed clear that if both Roh and Chung ran, Lee would win easily. The two sides decided to combine forces, instead of competing against each other. The two sides agreed on conducting two polls, each by different polling companies, where the winner would run as the unified candidate. The winner had to win both polls, or a second round had to occur. So the two poll was conducted on 24 November, but only one validated. The other one was invalidated, as the two sides had agreed that any poll with Lee Hoi chang polling less than 30.4% must be invalidated, since there could be a chance that Lee's supporters were attempting to manipulate the results by responding with an untrue answer. The only poll that was validated was the one conducted by the Research and Research, and it was won by Roh. Consequently, Chung withdrew his candidacy and endorsed Roh. +24 November 2002CandidateResearch and Research Poll# of polls wonRoh46.8%1Chung42.2%0Lee32.1%
However, Chung later broke his pledge on the night before the election, when he felt that Roh broke the promise to include Chung in for policy decisions and surrounded himself only with Democrats. Chung announced less than eight hours before the election that he was withdrawing his support for Roh and urged people to vote their conscience, but Roh won anyway.
Основные кандидаты
Распределение голосов по регионам для кандидатов, получивших не менее 1% от общего числа голосов.
РегионРо Му ХёнЛи Хо ЧханКвон Ён Гиль
Голоса%Голосов%Голосов%
Сеул2 447 37645,0179 7903,3
Пусан587 94629,961 2813,1
Тэгу240 74518,742 1743,3
Инчхон547 20544,661 6555,0
Кванджу26 8693,67 2431,0
Тэджон266 76039,829 7284,4
Ульсан178 58435,357 78611,4
Кёнги2 120 19144,2209 3464,4
Канвон316 72241,538 7225,1
Северный Чхунчхон311 04442,941 7315,8
Южный Чхунчхон375 11041,249 5795,5
Северный Чолла65 3346,214 9041,4
Южный Чолла53 0744,612 2151,1
Северный Кёнсан311 35821,762 5224,4
Южный Кёнсан434 64227,179 8535,0
Чеджу105 74439,68 6193,3
Итого11 443 29746,6957 1483,9
Источник: Национальная избирательная комиссия.
Breakdown of votes by region for candidates with at least 1% of the total votes. RegionRoh Moo hyunLee Hoi changKwon Young ghil colspan="2" colspan="2" colspan="2" Votes%Votes%Votes%Seoul2,447,37645.0179,7903.3Busan587,94629.961,2813.1Daegu240,74518.742,1743.3Incheon547,20544.661,6555.0Gwangju26,8693.67,2431.0Daejeon266,76039.829,7284.4Ulsan178,58435.357,78611.4Gyeonggi2,120,19144.2209,3464.4Gangwon316,72241.538,7225.1North Chungcheong311,04442.941,7315.8South Chungcheong375,11041.249,5795.5North Jeolla65,3346.214,9041.4South Jeolla53,0744.612,2151.1North Gyeongsang311,35821.762,5224.4South Gyeongsang434,64227.179,8535.0Jeju105,74439.68,6193.3Total11,443,29746.6957,1483.9Source: National Election Commission