Австралийское агентство новостей AAP: история и современность

Australian news agency

Australian Associated Press (AAP) is an Australian news agency. It was established by Keith Murdoch in 1935. AAP employs around 80 journalists who work in bureaus in all states and territories of Australia except the Northern Territory. It also maintains correspondents in New Zealand and London as well as using a network of contributors from the US, Europe, Asia and Africa. AAP's domestic news coverage is complemented by alliances with the major international news agencies. AAP's main focus is on breaking news but is also known for its court reporting, sport, political coverage, feature stories, and photographs. It also produces video and visual explainers. AAP is one of the few remaining non government newswires in the world.

Australia was first linked to international telegraph services by a submarine cable that linked Java to Darwin, which was laid by the British Australian Telegraph Company, and completed on 18 November 1871. The Eastern states were connected through Adelaide on the completion of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line in 1872. Anticipating that the cost of sending messages would be high, the Melbourne newspaper The Argus formed an association with The Sydney Morning Herald, creating an agreement with the Reuters news agency for the transmission of news to Australia. In 1895, these services merged into the Australian Press Association, which had an exclusive contract with Reuters for its foreign newswire service. Initially serving The Sun and The Herald, the service drew on the prestigious London paper The Times, and would be headed by Keith Murdoch from 1915 to 1921. The Australian Press Association and the United Cable Service agreed on a arrangement for shared access in 1926. Murdoch became the AAP's first chairman, and would serve until 1940.</blockquote>Initially, the AAP only functioned to provide overseas news to the Australian media, as major newspapers at the time had long standing groups for local news syndication. At this time the AAP experienced a large growth in its newsroom, from 40 journalists in 1970 to 120 in 1980, and as a result of the AAP's high pressured environment there was also a high turnover of around 1000 journalists in that period. The AAP also closed down its Jakarta office in September 2017 after 35 years, opting to operate its Asia desk from Australia by using international newswires and freelance journalists. In June 2018, the AAP cut its editorial team by 25 staff, around 10% of its then around 220 person editorial personnel. After posting a $10.45 million loss in 2018, it achieved a $929,000 profit in 2019.

After the closure of the AAP's New Zealand counterpart the New Zealand Press Association on 31 August 2011, the AAP launched a New Zealand Newswire (NZN) division on 5 September 2011 with offices in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. NZN employed 14 journalists split across Auckland and Wellington. NZN closed its digital news video team in September 2017. The AAP shut down its NZ Newswire division on 27 April 2018, and it was the final independent news agency in New Zealand to shut down, with the AAP retaining two full time journalists in New Zealand.

On 20 March 2020, it was announced that AAP's shareholders had decided to break up and shut down the newswire, saying that the service had become unsustainable in competition with free online content. However, at the last minute before the service was set to close in June, AAP was bought by a consortium of impact investors and philanthropists led by Peter Tonagh, a former chief of News Corp and Foxtel. The group said they were motivated by a desire to support media diversity, and included Nick Harrington, the notable philanthropist John McKinnon, Fred Woollard the managing director of Samuel Terry Asset Management, and Kylie Charlton the managing director of Australian Impact Investments. The group was made up of 35 investors from five states. It was reported that the sale was made for the price of $1. In the year prior to its sale and restructure, the AAP reported a loss of $10 million, $5.4 million of that being from the newswire service. The service was relaunched as a not for profit on 1 August 2020, under the same name, but has been referred to as 'AAP 2.0' when making the distinction from the previous organisation. Jonty Low was appointed to chair of the AAP board, becoming the first woman to hold the role, as well as the first board chair without a media background. Nick Harrington joined AAP's executive team as head of strategy and development, After relaunching with fewer staff and more infrequent coverage, the AAP asked its existing customers to transition their contracts to the new company at the same rates.

While news outlets initially sourced content from the AAP predominantly for foreign news and war reporting, they became increasingly reliant on the service for domestic and breaking news. It has been noted that all major newspapers once reported from Canberra's parliamentary press gallery, but in recent times often only AAP and ABC reporters were present. By the 2010s it became common practice for newspapers to republish AAP copy, with minor edits and sometimes verbatim, sometimes including an 'AAP' byline and at times omitting one. After the AAP's 2020 sale and relaunch, its staff was reduced to around 80 editorial positions, and around 10 additional management, IT and support roles. On 5 September 2020, Emma Cowdroy the new chief executive of the AAP admitted that the company was facing significant financial challenges since its relaunch as a not for profit; this came about as a result of clients signing on for shorter periods awaiting the entrance of NCA Newswire, a new competitor owned by News Corp Australia a former large shareholder in the AAP, into the market when the companies non compete clause ends in February 2021. The company appealed for crowd funding donation from the public.

In addition to their main newswire service, AAP also currently operates 'FactCheck' a fact checking service which is accredited by the Poynter Institute's International Fact Checking Network. FactCheck has a partnership with Facebook to verify content posted on the social media site.

The AAP established AAPT, a telecommunications division offering long distance voice and data services in 1991, which was spun off and sold to Telecom New Zealand in 2000. Bruce Davidson, the former CEO of the AAP became the CEO of Mediality. In May 2020, a consortium headed by former News Corp executive Peter Tonagh entered negotiations to buy AAP. The sale was completed in June 2020 and was relaunched in August 2020. The AAP newswire was acquired by an independent, non partisan Australian not for profit organisation in June 2020. As a not for profit organisation it does not have owners or shareholders. The exact ownership of the AAP since its 2020 sale and relaunch are unclear, as the terms of sale have not been released.

From 2012 to 2020 when AAP become a non profit, the AAP was jointly owned by 12 of the original 13 newspaper shareholders which established it in 1935, with those newspapers now being owned by various media conglomerates. Prior to its 2020 sale and relaunch the AAP was predominantly owned by: Nine Entertainment (44.74%), and News Corp Australia (44.74%), News Corp and Nine formerly contributed in excess of $10 million annually, with minor shareholders Seven West Media and Australian Community Media contributing more than $1 million.