Введение
Управление питательными веществами в сельском хозяйстве
Management of nutrients in agriculture
Управление питательными веществами – это наука и практика, направленная на установление взаимосвязи между почвой, сельскохозяйственными культурами, погодными условиями и гидрологическими факторами с агротехническими, ирригационными и почвозащитными мероприятиями для достижения оптимальной эффективности использования питательных веществ, урожайности, качества продукции и экономической выгоды, одновременно снижая вынос питательных веществ (удобрений) за пределы поля, что может негативно сказаться на окружающей среде. Это предполагает подбор нормы, источника, времени и места внесения питательных веществ (известного как 4R-подход к управлению питательными веществами) в соответствии с конкретными почвенными, климатическими условиями и системой управления посевами на данном поле. Важными факторами, которые необходимо учитывать при управлении питательными веществами, являются: (а) внесение питательных веществ с учетом потенциально достижимой оптимальной урожайности и, в некоторых случаях, качества продукции; (б) управление внесением и сроками внесения питательных веществ на основе баланса всех источников и путей потерь на данном участке; и (в) управление почвой, водой и сельскохозяйственными культурами для минимизации выноса питательных веществ за пределы поля посредством выщелачивания из корневой зоны, поверхностного стока и улетучивания (или других газообменов). Существуют потенциальные взаимодействия, обусловленные различиями в путях миграции и динамике питательных веществ. Например, методы, снижающие поверхностный сток питательных веществ, могут увеличивать потери от выщелачивания других питательных веществ. Эти сложные процессы ставят перед специалистами по управлению питательными веществами сложную задачу достижения оптимального баланса для максимизации прибыли и одновременно сохранения биосферы.
Nutrient management is the science and practice directed to link soil, crop, weather, and hydrologic factors with cultural, irrigation, and soil and water conservation practices to achieve optimal nutrient use efficiency, crop yields, crop quality, and economic returns, while reducing off site transport of nutrients (fertilizer) that may impact the environment. It involves matching a specific field soil, climate, and crop management conditions to rate, source, timing, and place (commonly known as the 4R nutrient stewardship) of nutrient application. Important factors that need to be considered when managing nutrients include (a) the application of nutrients considering the achievable optimum yields and, in some cases, crop quality; (b) the management, application, and timing of nutrients using a budget based on all sources and sinks active at the site; and (c) the management of soil, water, and crop to minimize the off site transport of nutrients from nutrient leaching out of the root zone, surface runoff, and volatilization (or other gas exchanges). There can be potential interactions because of differences in nutrient pathways and dynamics. For instance, practices that reduce the off site surface transport of a given nutrient may increase the leaching losses of other nutrients. These complex dynamics present nutrient managers the difficult task of achieve the best balance for maximizing profit while contributing to the conservation of our biosphere.
План управления питательными веществами
План управления питательными веществами сельскохозяйственных культур – это инструмент, который фермеры могут использовать для повышения эффективности всех источников питательных веществ, потребляемых культурой, одновременно снижая производственные и экологические риски, и, в конечном итоге, увеличивая прибыль. Все чаще производители и агрономы используют цифровые инструменты, такие как SST или Agworld, для создания планов управления питательными веществами, чтобы использовать информацию, накопленную за несколько лет. Общепринято, что план управления питательными веществами сельскохозяйственных культур состоит из десяти основных компонентов. Каждый компонент критически важен для анализа каждого поля и повышения эффективности использования питательных веществ для выращиваемых культур. Эти компоненты включают:
A crop nutrient management plan is a tool that farmers can use to increase the efficiency of all the nutrient sources a crop uses while reducing production and environmental risk, ultimately increasing profit. Increasingly, growers as well as agronomists use digital tools like SST or Agworld to create their nutrient management plan so they can capitalize on information gathered over a number of years. It is generally agreed that there are ten fundamental components of a crop nutrient management plan. Each component is critical to helping analyze each field and improve nutrient efficiency for the crops grown. These components include:
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Карта поля. Карта, включающая общие ориентиры (такие как ручьи, жилые дома, скважины и т.д.), площадь в акрах и типы почв, является основой для всего плана.
A crop nutrient management plan is a tool that farmers can use to increase the efficiency of all the nutrient sources a crop uses while reducing production and environmental risk, ultimately increasing profit. Increasingly, growers as well as agronomists use digital tools like SST or Agworld to create their nutrient management plan so they can capitalize on information gathered over a number of years. It is generally agreed that there are ten fundamental components of a crop nutrient management plan. Each component is critical to helping analyze each field and improve nutrient efficiency for the crops grown. These components include:
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Анализ почвы. Какое количество каждого питательного вещества (N, P, K и других важных элементов, таких как pH и содержание органического вещества) содержится в почвенном профиле? Анализ почвы – ключевой компонент, необходимый для разработки рекомендаций по нормам внесения удобрений.
A crop nutrient management plan is a tool that farmers can use to increase the efficiency of all the nutrient sources a crop uses while reducing production and environmental risk, ultimately increasing profit. Increasingly, growers as well as agronomists use digital tools like SST or Agworld to create their nutrient management plan so they can capitalize on information gathered over a number of years. It is generally agreed that there are ten fundamental components of a crop nutrient management plan. Each component is critical to helping analyze each field and improve nutrient efficiency for the crops grown. These components include:
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Севооборот. Фиксировала ли культура, выращенная на поле в прошлом году (а во многих случаях и два или более лет назад), азот для использования в последующие годы? Способствовало ли долгосрочное безотвальное земледелие увеличению содержания органического вещества? Показал ли анализ стеблей в конце сезона дефицит питательных веществ? Эти факторы также необходимо учитывать при планировании.
A crop nutrient management plan is a tool that farmers can use to increase the efficiency of all the nutrient sources a crop uses while reducing production and environmental risk, ultimately increasing profit. Increasingly, growers as well as agronomists use digital tools like SST or Agworld to create their nutrient management plan so they can capitalize on information gathered over a number of years. It is generally agreed that there are ten fundamental components of a crop nutrient management plan. Each component is critical to helping analyze each field and improve nutrient efficiency for the crops grown. These components include:
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Прогнозируемая урожайность. Факторы, влияющие на урожайность, многочисленны и сложны. Почвы поля, дренаж, вредители, сорняки и болезни, севооборот и многие другие факторы отличают одно поле от другого. Поэтому использование исторических данных об урожайности важно при оценке урожайности на следующий год. Точные прогнозы урожайности могут повысить эффективность использования питательных веществ.
A crop nutrient management plan is a tool that farmers can use to increase the efficiency of all the nutrient sources a crop uses while reducing production and environmental risk, ultimately increasing profit. Increasingly, growers as well as agronomists use digital tools like SST or Agworld to create their nutrient management plan so they can capitalize on information gathered over a number of years. It is generally agreed that there are ten fundamental components of a crop nutrient management plan. Each component is critical to helping analyze each field and improve nutrient efficiency for the crops grown. These components include:
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Источники и формы. Источники и формы доступных питательных веществ могут варьироваться от фермы к ферме и даже от поля к полю. Например, анализ плодородия навоза, способы хранения и другие факторы должны быть включены в план управления питательными веществами. Анализ питательных веществ в навозе – один из способов определения его плодородия. Азот, фиксированный бобовыми культурами в предыдущем году, и остаточный эффект навоза также влияют на рекомендации по нормам внесения. В этот план следует учитывать и другие источники питательных веществ.
A crop nutrient management plan is a tool that farmers can use to increase the efficiency of all the nutrient sources a crop uses while reducing production and environmental risk, ultimately increasing profit. Increasingly, growers as well as agronomists use digital tools like SST or Agworld to create their nutrient management plan so they can capitalize on information gathered over a number of years. It is generally agreed that there are ten fundamental components of a crop nutrient management plan. Each component is critical to helping analyze each field and improve nutrient efficiency for the crops grown. These components include:
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Особо охраняемые участки. Что необычного в плане поля? Осушается ли оно? Расположено ли рядом с ручьем или озером? Особенно песчаное в одном месте? Имеет ли крутой уклон или низину? Применяется ли навоз в одном месте на протяжении поколений из-за близости к молочному фермерскому хозяйству? Чрезвычайно продуктивное или непродуктивное на части поля? Есть ли буферные зоны, защищающие ручьи, дренажные канавы, скважины и другие места сбора воды? Как далеко находятся соседи? Какое преобладающее направление ветра? Здесь следует отметить эти и другие особые условия, которые необходимо учитывать.
A crop nutrient management plan is a tool that farmers can use to increase the efficiency of all the nutrient sources a crop uses while reducing production and environmental risk, ultimately increasing profit. Increasingly, growers as well as agronomists use digital tools like SST or Agworld to create their nutrient management plan so they can capitalize on information gathered over a number of years. It is generally agreed that there are ten fundamental components of a crop nutrient management plan. Each component is critical to helping analyze each field and improve nutrient efficiency for the crops grown. These components include:
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Рекомендуемые нормы. Здесь встречаются наука, технологии и опыт. Учитывая все, что вы отметили, какова оптимальная норма внесения N, P, K, извести и любых других питательных веществ? Хотя наука говорит нам, что потребности культуры в питательных веществах меняются в течение вегетационного периода, сочетание технологий и опыта фермера обеспечивает доступность питательных веществ на всех стадиях роста. Кукуруза, выращиваемая без обработки почвы, обычно требует стартовой подкормки для обеспечения здорового старта рассады.
A crop nutrient management plan is a tool that farmers can use to increase the efficiency of all the nutrient sources a crop uses while reducing production and environmental risk, ultimately increasing profit. Increasingly, growers as well as agronomists use digital tools like SST or Agworld to create their nutrient management plan so they can capitalize on information gathered over a number of years. It is generally agreed that there are ten fundamental components of a crop nutrient management plan. Each component is critical to helping analyze each field and improve nutrient efficiency for the crops grown. These components include:
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Рекомендуемые сроки. Когда температура почвы опускается ниже 50 градусов? Будет ли использоваться стабилизатор азота? Какая технология обработки почвы используется? Кукуруза, выращиваемая по строковой технологии и без обработки почвы, часто требует иных сроков внесения, чем семена, посаженные в поле, которое было обработано один раз культиватором. Будет ли использоваться стартовая подкормка для обеспечения здорового старта рассады? Сколько акров можно обработать с использованием имеющейся рабочей силы (собственной или наемной) и техники? Зависит ли применение навоза на ферме от графика работы специализированной компании? Какие договоренности были достигнуты с соседями по использованию навоза на их полях? Планирует ли сосед какое-либо особое мероприятие? Все эти факторы и многое другое, вероятно, повлияют на рекомендуемые сроки.
A crop nutrient management plan is a tool that farmers can use to increase the efficiency of all the nutrient sources a crop uses while reducing production and environmental risk, ultimately increasing profit. Increasingly, growers as well as agronomists use digital tools like SST or Agworld to create their nutrient management plan so they can capitalize on information gathered over a number of years. It is generally agreed that there are ten fundamental components of a crop nutrient management plan. Each component is critical to helping analyze each field and improve nutrient efficiency for the crops grown. These components include:
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Рекомендуемые методы. Поверхностное внесение или инъекция? Хотя инъекция, безусловно, предпочтительнее, могут быть ситуации, когда инъекция невозможна (например, пастбища, луга). Уклон, режим осадков, тип почвы, севооборот и многие другие факторы определяют, какой метод лучше всего оптимизирует эффективность использования питательных веществ (доступность и потери) на ферме. Оптимальное сочетание для одного поля может отличаться от другого поля, даже при выращивании одной и той же культуры.
A crop nutrient management plan is a tool that farmers can use to increase the efficiency of all the nutrient sources a crop uses while reducing production and environmental risk, ultimately increasing profit. Increasingly, growers as well as agronomists use digital tools like SST or Agworld to create their nutrient management plan so they can capitalize on information gathered over a number of years. It is generally agreed that there are ten fundamental components of a crop nutrient management plan. Each component is critical to helping analyze each field and improve nutrient efficiency for the crops grown. These components include:
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Ежегодный пересмотр и обновление. Даже лучшие менеджеры вынуждены отклоняться от своих планов. Какая норма внесения была фактически применена? Где? Каким методом? Снизила ли необычно мягкая зима или влажная весна содержание нитратов в почве? Увеличил ли сухой период, болезнь или другой необычный фактор перенос питательных веществ? Эти и другие факторы следует отмечать по мере их возникновения. Когда такой план разрабатывается для животноводческих комплексов (ЖК), он может называться «планом управления навозом». В Соединенных Штатах некоторые регулирующие органы рекомендуют или требуют, чтобы фермы внедряли эти планы для предотвращения загрязнения воды. Служба охраны природных ресурсов США (NRCS) опубликовала руководства по разработке комплексного плана управления питательными веществами (CNMP) для ЖК. Международный институт питания растений опубликовал руководство по питанию растений 4R для повышения эффективности управления питанием растений. В руководстве изложены научные принципы, лежащие в основе каждого из четырех R или «правил» (правильный источник питательных веществ, правильная норма внесения, правильное время, правильное место) и обсуждается внедрение практик 4R на ферме, подходы к планированию управления питательными веществами и измерение показателей устойчивости.
A crop nutrient management plan is a tool that farmers can use to increase the efficiency of all the nutrient sources a crop uses while reducing production and environmental risk, ultimately increasing profit. Increasingly, growers as well as agronomists use digital tools like SST or Agworld to create their nutrient management plan so they can capitalize on information gathered over a number of years. It is generally agreed that there are ten fundamental components of a crop nutrient management plan. Each component is critical to helping analyze each field and improve nutrient efficiency for the crops grown. These components include:
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Field map The map, including general reference points (such as streams, residences, wellheads etc. ), number of acres, and soil types is the base for the rest of the plan. Soil test How much of each nutrient (N P K and other critical elements such as pH and organic matter) is in the soil profile? The soil test is a key component needed for developing the nutrient rate recommendation. Crop sequence Did the crop that grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long term no till increased organic matter? Did the end of season stalk test show a nutrient deficiency? These factors also need to be factored into the plan. Estimated yield Factors that affect yield are numerous and complex. A field's soils, drainage, insect, weed and crop disease pressure, rotation and many other factors differentiate one field from another. This is why using historic yields is important in developing yield estimates for next year. Accurate yield estimates can improve nutrient use efficiency. Sources and forms The sources and forms of available nutrients can vary from farm to farm and even field to field. For instance, manure fertility analysis, storage practices and other factors will need to be included in a nutrient management plan. Manure nutrient tests/analysis are one way to determine the fertility of it. Nitrogen fixed from a previous year's legume crop and residual effects of manure also affects rate recommendations. Many other nutrient sources should also be factored into this plan. Sensitive areas What's out of the ordinary about a field's plan? Is it irrigated? Next to a stream or lake? Especially sandy in one area? Steep slope or low area? Manure applied in one area for generations due to proximity of dairy barn? Extremely productive—or unproductive—in a portion of the field? Are there buffers that protect streams, drainage ditches, wellheads, and other water collection points? How far away are the neighbors? What's the general wind direction? This is the place to note these and other special conditions that need to be considered. Recommended rates Here's the place where science, technology, and art meet. Given everything you've noted, what is the optimum rate of N, P, K, lime and any other nutrients? While science tells us that a crop has changing nutrient requirements during the growing season, a combination of technology and farmer's management skills assure nutrient availability at all stages of growth. No till corn generally requires starter fertilizer to give the seedling a healthy start. Recommended timing When does the soil temperature drop below 50 degrees? Will a N stabilizer be used? What's the tillage practice? Strip till corn and no till often require different timing approaches than seed planted into a field that's been tilled once with a field cultivator. Will a starter fertilizer be used to give the seedling a healthy start? How many acres can be covered with available labor (custom or hired) and equipment? Does manure application in a farm depend on a custom applicator's schedule? What agreements have been worked out with neighbors for manure use on their fields? Is a neighbor hosting a special event? All these factors and more will likely figure into the recommended timing. Recommended methods Surface or injected? While injection is clearly preferred, there may be situations where injection is not feasible (i. e. pasture, grassland). Slope, rainfall patterns, soil type, crop rotation and many other factors determine which method is best for optimizing nutrient efficiency (availability and loss) in farms. The combination that's right in one field may differ in another field even with the same crop. Annual review and update Even the best managers are forced to deviate from their plans. What rate was actually applied? Where? Using which method? Did an unusually mild winter or wet spring reduce soil nitrate? Did a dry summer, disease, or some other unusual factor increase nutrient carryover? These and other factors should be noted as they occur. When such a plan is designed for animal feeding operations (AFO), it may be termed a "manure management plan." In the United States, some regulatory agencies recommend or require that farms implement these plans in order to prevent water pollution. The U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has published guidance documents on preparing a comprehensive nutrient management plan (CNMP) for AFOs. The International Plant Nutrition Institute has published a 4R plant nutrition manual for improving the management of plant nutrition. The manual outlines the scientific principles behind each of the four Rs or "rights" (right source of nutrient, right application rate, right time, right place) and discusses the adoption of 4R practices on the farm, approaches to nutrient management planning, and measurement of sustainability performance.
Управление азотом
Из 16 основных питательных веществ для растений, азот обычно наиболее трудно поддается управлению в системах выращивания полевых культур. Это связано с тем, что количество азота, доступного для растений, может быстро изменяться в зависимости от изменений влажности почвы. Азот может вымываться из системы почва-растение или теряться посредством следующих процессов: выщелачивания; поверхностного стока; эрозии почвы; улетучивания аммиака; и денитрификации.
Of the 16 essential plant nutrients, nitrogen is usually the most difficult to manage in field crop systems. This is because the quantity of plant available nitrogen can change rapidly in response to changes in soil water status. Nitrogen can be lost from the plant soil system by one or more of the following processes: leaching; surface runoff; soil erosion; ammonia volatilization; and denitrification.
Методы управления азотом, повышающие эффективность использования азота
Управление азотом направлено на максимизацию эффективности использования азота, вносимого в почву. Повышение эффективности использования азота связано со снижением потерь азота из почвы. Хотя полностью избежать потерь невозможно, значительные улучшения могут быть достигнуты за счет применения одной или нескольких из следующих агротехнических приемов в севообороте.
Nitrogen management aims to maximize the efficiency with which crops use applied N. Improvements in nitrogen use efficiency are associated with decreases in N loss from the soil. Although losses cannot be avoided completely, significant improvements can be realized by applying one or more of the following management practices in the cropping system.
Время применения N
Применяйте азот (N) примерно в то время, когда культуры могут его усвоить. Вносите азот подкормкой в период наиболее интенсивного поглощения азота. Раздельное внесение, состоящее из нескольких обработок, обеспечивает эффективное использование примененного азота и снижает риск его потерь в окружающую среду.
Apply N close to the time when crops can utilize it. Make side dress N applications close to the time of most rapid N uptake. Split applications, involving more than one application, allow efficient use of applied N and reduce the risk of N loss to the environment.
N Формы, включая удобрения с медленным или контролируемым высвобождением и ингибиторы
Медленно или контролируемо высвобождающееся удобрение задерживает доступность азота для растения до времени, более подходящего для его поглощения. Риск потерь азота через денитрификацию и вымывание снижается за счет ограничения концентрации нитратов в почве. Ингибиторы нитрификации поддерживают приложенный азот в аммонийной форме в течение более длительного времени, тем самым уменьшая потери от вымывания и денитрификации.
Slow or controlled release fertilizer delays the availability of nitrogen to the plant until a time that is more appropriate for plant uptake the risk of N loss through denitrification and leaching is reduced by limiting nitrate concentrations in the soil. Nitrification inhibitors maintain applied N in the ammonium form for a longer period of time, thereby reducing leaching and denitrification losses.
N захвата
Определенные сорта сельскохозяйственных культур способны более эффективно извлекать азот из почвы и повышать эффективность его использования. Селекция культур для эффективного поглощения азота ведется в настоящее время. Севооборот с глубококорневыми культурами способствует улавливанию нитратов на большей глубине почвенного профиля. Сидераты поглощают остаточный азот после уборки урожая и возвращают его в почву в виде растительной биомассы. Устранение ограничений для развития корневой системы в подпочвенном слое – уплотнение и кислотность подпочвы – препятствуют проникновению корней во многих регионах мира, что приводит к накоплению нитратов в подпочве, которые подвержены денитрификации и вымыванию при благоприятных условиях. Соблюдение агрономических практик, включая оптимальную густоту посевов и схему размещения растений, а также эффективное управление сорняками и вредителями, позволяет культурам формировать мощную корневую систему для оптимизации поглощения азота и повышения урожайности.
Particular crop varieties are able to more efficiently extract N from the soil and improve N use efficiency. Breeding of crops for efficient N uptake is in progress. Rotation with deep rooted crops helps capture nitrates deeper in the soil profile. Cover crops capture residual nitrogen after crop harvest and recycle it as plant biomass. Elimination of restrictions to subsoil root development; subsoil compaction and subsoil acidity prevent root penetration in many subsoils worldwide, promoting build up of subsoil nitrate concentrations which are susceptible to denitrification and leaching when conditions are suitable. Good agronomic practice, including appropriate plant populations and spacing and good weed and pest management, allows crops to produce large root systems to optimise N capture and crop yield.
Охранная обработка почвы
Консервационная обработка почвы оптимизирует содержание влаги в почве, что повышает эффективность использования воды; в условиях водного дефицита это улучшает урожайность в расчете на единицу внесенного азота.
Conservation tillage optimizes soil moisture conditions that improve water use efficiency; in water stressed conditions, this improves crop yield per unit N applied.
N метод применения удобрений и размещение
В рядовых культурах внесение азотных удобрений в полосу на гребнях снижает их подверженность вымыванию. Аппараты для рядового внесения удобрений, такие как инжекторы, формирующие уплотненный слой почвы и гребень на поверхности, могут уменьшить потери азота, отводя поток воды.
In ridged crops, placing N fertilizers in a band in ridges makes N less susceptible to leaching. Row fertilizer applicators, such as injectors, which form a compacted soil layer and surface ridge, can reduce N losses by diverting water flow.
Хорошее управление орошением может повысить эффективность использования N
Плановые орошения, основанные на оценке влажности почвы и ежедневных потребностях сельскохозяйственных культур, повысят эффективность использования воды и азота. Системы дождевания обеспечивают более равномерное и меньшее по объему внесение воды, чем системы орошения по бороздам или бассейнам. Эффективность орошения по бороздам можно улучшить путем регулирования времени полива, размера струи, длины борозды, полива через ряд или использования импульсных клапанов. Чередование полива и внесения удобрений минимизирует контакт воды с питательными веществами. Внесение азотных удобрений через системы орошения (фертигация) обеспечивает поступление азота в период максимальной потребности растений. Обработка полиакриламидом (PAM) при орошении по бороздам снижает потери осадка и азота.
Scheduled irrigation based on soil moisture estimates and daily crop needs will improve both water use and N use efficiency. Sprinkler irrigation systems apply water more uniformly and in lower amounts than furrow or basin irrigation systems. Furrow irrigation efficiency can be improved by adjusting set time, stream size, furrow length, watering every other row, or the use of surge valves. Alternate row irrigation and fertilization minimizes water contact with nutrients. Application of N fertilizer through irrigation systems (fertigation) facilitates N supply when crop demand is greatest. Polyacrylamide (PAM) treatment during furrow irrigation reduces sediment and N losses.
Дренажные системы
Некоторые системы субполива перерабатывают нитраты, вымываемые из почвенного профиля, и снижают потери нитратов с дренажными водами. Избыточный дренаж может привести к быстрому проточному водообмену и вымыванию азота, но ограниченный или недостаточный дренаж способствует развитию анаэробных условий и денитрификации.
Some subirrigation systems recycle nitrate leached from the soil profile and reduce nitrate lost in drainage water. Excessive drainage can lead to rapid through flow of water and N leaching, but restricted or insufficient drainage favors anaerobic conditions and denitrification.
Использование моделей моделирования
В большинстве случаев, краткосрочные изменения в доступности азота для растений затрудняют точные сезонные прогнозы потребности сельскохозяйственных культур в азоте. Однако модели (такие как NLEAP и Adapt N), использующие данные о почве, погоде, культуре и агротехнических приемах, могут обновляться ежедневно, что позволяет улучшить прогнозы судьбы внесенного азота. Это дает фермерам возможность принимать решения об адаптивном управлении, повышающие эффективность использования азота, минимизирующие его потери и негативное воздействие на окружающую среду, а также максимизирующие прибыльность.
Short term changes in the plant available N status make accurate seasonal predictions of crop N requirement difficult in most situations. However, models (such as NLEAP and Adapt N) that use soil, weather, crop, and field management data can be updated with day to day changes and thereby improve predictions of the fate of applied N. They allows farmers to make adaptive management decisions that can improve N use efficiency and minimize N losses and environmental impact while maximizing profitability.
Буферы сохранения
Буферы задерживают осадок, содержащий аммиак и органический азот. Нитраты в подземном потоке снижаются в результате денитрификации, которая усиливается за счет источников углеродной энергии, содержащихся в почве, связанной с буферной растительностью. Буферная растительность поглощает азот, другие питательные вещества и уменьшает их потери с водой.
Buffers trap sediment containing ammonia and organic N.
Nitrate in subsurface flow is reduced through denitrification enhanced by carbon energy sources contained in the soil associated with buffer vegetation. Buffer vegetation takes up nitrogen, other nutrients, and reduces loss to water.
Nitrate in subsurface flow is reduced through denitrification enhanced by carbon energy sources contained in the soil associated with buffer vegetation. Buffer vegetation takes up nitrogen, other nutrients, and reduces loss to water.
Строительные водно-болотные угодья
Созданные водно-болотные угодья, стратегически расположенные в ландшафте для очистки дренажных стоков, снижают концентрацию взвешенных веществ и нитратов в поверхностных водах.
Constructed wetlands located strategically on the landscape to process drainage effluent reduces sediment and nitrate loads to surface water.