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Bishops Cannings is a village and civil parish in the Vale of Pewsey in Wiltshire, England, 3 mile (5 km) north east of Devizes. The parish includes the village of Coate (not to be confused with Coate, Swindon) and the hamlets of Bourton, Horton and Little Horton.

Etchilhampton Water, a minor tributary of the Salisbury Avon, rises from streams in the parish and flows south past Etchilhampton to Patney. The northern part of the parish lies on the Marlborough Downs, including Morgan's Hill and part of Roundway Hill. Bishops Cannings village is about 0.5 mile (1 km) south of the A361 road which links Devizes with Avebury and Swindon.

Prehistoric remains include a long barrow called Kitchen Barrow on a slope in the north east of the parish, and a square earthwork enclosure of uncertain date on Morgan's Hill in the north west. A section of the Wansdyke crosses the parish, west from Tan Hill to Morgan's Hill. The manor of Cannings was recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as held by the Bishop of Salisbury; there was a substantial population of 127 households, with six mills. Horton is first attested in 1158. The place name is a common one in England and derives from Old English horu 'dirt' and tūn 'settlement, farm, estate', presumably meaning 'farm on muddy soil'. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Bourton manor was an estate of the Ernle family. His son John (c.1650–1706) was MP for Devizes, and simultaneously Lord Chancellor of Ireland and ambassador to Portugal. he sold the estate in 1720.

Bishops Cannings was anciently part of the hundred of Potterne and Cannings. The parish is now the third largest in Wiltshire, and to the new parish of Roundway in 1894. Next to the pond is the 15th century church of St James, which was a chapelry of Bishops Cannings. and including Southbroom House) into the town, while the Nursteed tithing became part of Roundway. A north eastern part of the Devizes built up area known as Northfields, between the canal and Horton Road and including retailers Lidl and B&Q and the former Le Marchant Barracks, remains within Bishops Cannings parish.

Bishops Cannings is a civil parish with an elected parish council. It is in the area of Wiltshire Council unitary authority, which is responsible for almost all significant local government functions.

The Church of England parish church of St Mary the Virgin is Grade I listed. Originating in the 12th or 13th century, with many Early English features surviving, it was altered in the 14th and 15th centuries and restored in the 19th. Pevsner writes that it has "uncommon size and nobility", through being part of a bishop's estate. Domesday Book recorded a priest but did not mention a church. and one of the chancel's west lancet windows which is from the late 12th century or early 13th. The three bay chancel, mostly in rubble stone, is from the mid 13th century. Furnishings include a carrel desk (English Heritage) A 15th century chest tomb in the churchyard is Grade II* listed. In 1091, Bishop Osmond gave Cannings church and its considerable income to the new cathedral at Salisbury. The rectory manor, known as Cannings Canonicorum, remained in the ownership of the cathedral's dean and chapter (but generally leased out) until they sold it at the beginning of the 19th century. The parish remained a peculiar until such jurisdictions were abolished in the 19th century.

Bishops Cannings has a primary school which serves the parish and the eastern side of Devizes. A National School was built in 1830 and transferred to the present site in 1907. The chapel at Coate was used as a school from 1848 until 1876, when a new school was opened nearby; this school closed in 1929. The parish has four pubs: the Crown Inn at Bishops Cannings, the Bridge Inn near Horton, the New Inn at Coate, and the Hourglass at Devizes Marina on the Kennet and Avon Canal. Part of North Wilts Golf Club, on the downs, is within the parish, near the Morgan's Hill Site of Special Scientific Interest.