Красноярский край: история и административное устройство

First level administrative division of Russia

According to archaeologists, the first people reached Siberia circa 40,000 BC. The Andronovo culture, a group of Bronze Age peoples, lived in the area around 2000–900 BC, the remains of which were discovered in 1914 near the village of Andronovo, Uzhursky District. The grave mounds and monuments of the Scythian culture in Krasnoyarsk Krai belong to the 7th century BC and are some of the oldest in Eurasia. A prince's grave, the Kurgan Arshan, discovered in 2001, is also located in the krai. Russian settlement of the area (mostly by Cossacks) began in the 17th century. After the construction of the Trans Siberian Railway the Russian colonization of the area strongly increased. In 1822, the Yeniseysk Governorate was created with Krasnoyarsk as its administrative center that covered territory very similar to that of the current krai. During both the Tsarist and the Soviet times, the territory of Krasnoyarsk Krai was used as a place of exile of political enemies, actual or alleged. The first leaders of the Soviet state, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, were exiled to what is now the krai in 1897–1900 and 1903, respectively. In Stalin's era, numerous Gulag camps were located in the region. On June 30, 1908, in the basin of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River, there occurred a powerful explosion most likely to have been caused by the air burst of a large meteoroid or comet fragment at an altitude of above the Earth's surface. The force of the explosion is estimated to be about 10–15 megatons. It flattened more than of pine forest and killed thousands of reindeer. Krasnoyarsk Krai was created in 1934 after disaggregation of the West Siberian and East Siberian Krais and later included Taymyr and Evenk Autonomous Okrugs and Khakas Autonomous Oblast. In 1991, Khakassia separated from the krai and became a republic within the Russian Federation. On January 1, 2007, following a referendum on the issue held on April 17, 2005, the territories of Evenk and Taymyr Autonomous Okrugs were merged into the krai.

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the krai was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Krasnoyarsk CPSU Committee (who in reality had the most authority), the chairman of the krai Soviet (legislative power), and the chairman of the krai Executive Committee (executive power). Since the Dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the demise of the CPSU, the head of the krai administration, and eventually the governor has been appointed or elected alongside the elected regional parliament. The Charter of Krasnoyarsk Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai is the province's regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The legislative assembly consists of 52 deputies. 22 of them are elected in 22 one mandate electoral districts by plurality system, 2 in Taymyr, 2 in Evenkia, and 26 are elected by proportional system from the lists offered by political parties. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as the guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia. In December 1991, president Boris Yeltsin appointed Arkady Veprev as the first governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai. In January 1993 Yeltsin appointed Valery Zubov as the second governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai. In Krasnoyarsk Territory governor elections were called. Zubov was elected in a universal election for a five year term. The Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai was created as well. In 1998, Zubov lost in the gubernatorial election to General Aleksandr Lebed, a well known politician in all of Russia. In 2002 Lebed died in a helicopter accident. In 2002, Alexander Khloponin, the governor of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug and an influential businessman, was elected a governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai. In 2007, he was nominated by president Vladimir Putin for re election, and the legislative assembly elected Khloponin for the second term. In 2010, after Khloponin was promoted to the office of the president's envoy in the North Caucasian Federal District, Lev Kuznetsov, a businessman and politician from Khloponin's circle, became the new governor of the krai. After Kuznetsov, Viktor Tolokonsky became Governor September 2017. After Tolokonsky, Aleksandr Uss became the Governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai where he remains in the role today. Krasnoyarsk Krai is represented in the Federation Council of Russia, the upper house of the Russian parliament by two senators. In 2007, eight deputies were elected to the State Duma from Krasnoyarsk regional lists of different political parties.

Over 95% of the cities, a majority of the industrial enterprises, and all of the agriculture are concentrated in the south of the krai.

The krai is among the richest of Russia's regions in natural resources: 80% of the country's nickel, 75% of its cobalt, 70% of its copper, 16% of its coal, and 10% of its gold are extracted here. Krasnoyarsk also produces 20% of the country's timber. More than 95% of Russian resources of platinum and platinoids are concentrated in the krai.

Trans Siberian Railroad (650 km (400 mi) within Krasnoyarsk Krai), Norilsk Railroad (northernmost railroad in the world before Obskaya–Bovanenkovo Line); North Siberian Railroad is planned. Highways: M53 Baikal (Novosibirsk Krasnoyarsk Irkutsk), M54 Yenisei (Krasnoyarsk Kyzyl Mongolia) R409 Eniseiskiy trakt (Krasnoyarsk Lesosibirsk Yeniseysk). Northern Sea Route and shipping on the Yenisei. The main ports are: Dudinka, Igarka, Turukhansk, Yeniseysk, Maklakovo, Strelka, Krasnoyarsk
26 airports, including an international airport (Yemelyanovo near Krasnoyarsk). Two pipes of Irkutsk Anzhero Sudzhensk petroleum pipeline. Major power transmission lines.

Krasnoyarsk Krai consists of forty four districts and sixteen towns of district significance. Two of the districts (Evenkiysky and Taymyrsky; the former autonomous okrugs) have special status.

DistrictPopBirthsDeathsNGBRDRNGRKrasnoyarsk Krai2,890,35034,20638,470 4,26411.8313.31 0.15%Taimirsky Dolgano Nenetsky District37,76859233525715.678.870.68%Evenkiysky District16,7053042337118.2013.950.43%Abansky District24,997346419 7313.8416.76 0.29%Achinsky District15,918226253 2714.2015.89 0.17%Balakhtinsky District23,761281409 12811.8317.21 0.54%Beryozovsky District38,527483543 6012.5414.09 0.16%Birilyussky District11,431159228 6913.9119.95 0.60%Bogotolsky District11,371151233 8213.2820.49 0.72%Boguchansky District48,312585626 4112.1112.96 0.08%Bolshemurtinsky District19,292207398 19110.7320.63 0.99%Bolsheuluysky District8,540112157 4513.1118.38 0.53%Dzerzhinsky District15,025180298 11811.9819.83 0.79%Novosyolovsky District15,128192226 3412.6914.94 0.22%Partizansky District11,003155233 7814.0921.18 0.71%Pirovsky District8,25197125 2811.7615.15 0.34%Rybinsky District23,393309422 11313.2118.04 0.48%Sayansky District13,058163235 7212.4818.00 0.55%Severo Yeniseysky District10,9071531361714.0312.470.16%Sukhobuzimsky District23,050287362 7512.4515.70 0.33%Taseyevsky District13,962161234 7311.5316.76 0.52%Turukhansky District20,736249295 4612.0114.23 0.22%Tyukhtetsky District9,034111197 8612.2921.81 0.95%Uzhursky District33,952541586 4515.9317.26 0.13%Uyarsky District22,255250495 24511.2322.24 1.10%Idrinsky District14,037157252 9511.1817.95 0.68%Ilansky District26,436352453 10113.3217.14 0.38%Irbeysky District18,053241300 5913.3516.62 0.33%Kazachinsky District11,333162191 2914.2916.85 0.26%Sharypovsky District17,816244295 5113.7016.56 0.29%Shushensky District35,372392659 26711.0818.63 0.75%Krasnoyarsk905,00010,58510,936 35111.7012.08 0.04%Achinsk110,8381,3331,702 36912.0315.36 0.33%Bogotol21,997273407 13412.4118.50 0.61%Borodino18,759197247 5010.5013.17 0.27%Divnogorsk30,968337438 10110.8814.14 0.33%Yeniseysk19,086265278 1313.8814.57 0.07%Zaozyorny11,359184221 3716.2019.46 0.33%Kansk98,9651,1131,458 34511.2514.73 0.35%Lesosibirsk64,2159321,027 9514.5115.99 0.15%Minusinsk66,7708521,141 28912.7617.09 0.43%Nazarovo53,593568890 32210.6016.61 0.60%Norilsk206,3592,4021,1501,25211.645.570.61%Sosnovoborsk30,0743062753110.179.140.10%Sharypovo38,4955995831615.5615.140.04%Yemelyanovsky District45,908493633 14010.7413.79 0.30%Kansky District26,696361425 6413.5215.92 0.24%Karatuzsky District16,992215307 9212.6518.07 0.54%Kezhemsky District24,406277300 2311.3512.29 0.09%Kozulsky District18,292225344 11912.3018.81 0.65%Krasnoturansky District16,098201247 4612.4915.34 0.29%Kuraginsky District51,402669851 18213.0216.56 0.35%Mansky District17,684226365 13912.7820.64 0.79%Minusinsky District26,457339409 7012.8115.46 0.26%Motyginsky District18,152238257 1913.1114.16 0.10%Nazarovsky District23,6093903563416.5215.080.14%Yeniseysky District27,044353418 6513.0515.46 0.24%Yermakovsky District20,621310360 5015.0317.46 0.24%Nizhneingashsky District35,886448597 14912.4816.64 0.42%Other245,2021,6732,020 3476.828.24 0.14%

As per the survey conducted in 2012, 29.6% of the population of Krasnoyarsk Krai adhered to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% declared to be a nondenominational Christian (excluding Protestant churches), 2% belonged to a different Orthodox churches, 1.5% was Muslim, 1% followed the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery), and 10.9% did not give an answer to the survey. In addition, 35% of the population declared to be "spiritual but not religious" and 15% to be atheist.