Гитар-орган: История и особенности конструкции

Electric guitar with added electronic organ components

Guitar Organ or GuitOrgan is a type of electric guitar with electronic organ components added, developed by Jennings Musical Industry (Dartford, Kent, UK) as Vox Guitar Organ at latest in 1965.

According to the Billboard magazine, similar instrument named GuitOrgan seems introduced circa August 1967 by Murrell Electronics in Waco, Texas. The invention of the GuitOrgan is credited to Bob Murrell and Musiconics International (MCI) of Waco, Texas. Murrell worked on converting existing products from the late 1960s. In 1968, he had a significant run of instruments based on semi hollow body guitars from Japan. The B 300 and M 340 are among the most common examples from this run. The M 300 model was introduced at the 1970 NAMM Convention. The B 300 FSG (Frequency Synthesized Guitorgan) models, introduced in the early '70s along with the B 35, are based on a master oscillator circuit using a 12 note divider integrated circuit which is an improvement to the older 12 oscillator design, the advantage being that tuning the FSG organ circuit only requires adjustment of the master oscillator frequency rather than adjustment of each of the 12 oscillator frequencies on the older models. FSG pedals cannot be used with non FSG Guitorgans and vice versa, since the two versions run on a different DC voltage. The multi pin cable that goes between an FSG pedal and an FSG Guitorgan was labeled with RED ends at MCI for a safety reminder. Murrell continued to introduce upgrades to the Guitorgan design that included analog synthesizer interfaces and even MIDI in the mid 1980s.

In the mid '70s, Godwin produced the rare Organ (Guitar) in two versions. The flagship model had 19 switches and 13 knobs, while the lower model had 16 switches and 4 knobs.

The Guitorgan converts a standard electric guitar through the addition of electronic organ components. The most critical part of making a Guitorgan is to separate each guitar fret into six segments, creating independent contact switches for each string. The organ notes are keyed when a string touches a specific segment, thus, making the ground connection necessary for the organ circuit to produce output. TTL logic circuitry determines the highest fret segment making contact on each string, and prevents simultaneous organ notes on the same string to activate; only the highest organ note played on a particular string will sound. The organ section in a Guitorgan is a 6 note polyphonic circuit, which allows full guitar chords to be played. The guitar section always remains playable, but organ notes can be played alone or simultaneously with the guitar. The idea behind being a "Guitorganist" is to use the Guitorgan's expression pedal to creatively and accurately bring the organ in and out of the musical foreground while playing the guitar at the same time (and vice versa) as if there are actually two separate musicians playing.

Some of the sounds produced by the Guitorgan can be heard on the album The Many Moods of Teisco Del Rey by musician Dan Forte (recording under his alias "Teisco Del Rey"). Bill Dillon is another practitioner of the Guitorgan. He has performed on many Sarah McLachlan albums and appeared with Counting Crows. Woody Jackson's guitorgan playing can be heard on Orchestra Superstring's self titled album and many film soundtracks Ocean's Thirteen, Ocean's Twelve, Fun with Dick and Jane and The Devil Wears Prada.