Шератон: История международной сети отелей

International hotel chain

Sheraton Hotels and Resorts is an American international hotel chain owned by Marriott International. As of June 30, 2020, Sheraton operates 446 hotels with 155,617 rooms globally, including locations in North America, Africa, Asia Pacific, Central and South America, Europe, the Middle East and the Caribbean, in addition to 84 hotels with 23,092 rooms in the pipeline.

The origins of Sheraton Hotels date to 1933, when Harvard classmates Ernest Henderson and Robert Moore purchased the Continental Hotel in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1937, Henderson and Moore purchased the Standard Investing Corporation and the International Equities Corporation, combining them into the Standard Equities Corporation, the company through which they would run their hotels. Also in 1937, they purchased their second hotel, and the first as part of the new company, the Stonehaven Hotel in Springfield, Massachusetts, a converted apartment building. Sheraton dates its founding to that year and considers that property its first hotel. The chain got its name from the third hotel the pair acquired, in Boston, in 1939. It had a large lighted sign on the roof saying "Sheraton Hotel," which was too expensive to change. Instead, Henderson and Moore decided to call all of their hotels by that name. Henderson and Moore purchased Boston's famed Copley Plaza Hotel in 1941, and continued expanding rapidly, buying existing properties along the East Coast from Maine to Florida.

In 1949, Sheraton expanded internationally, buying the Ford Hotels chain, with three properties in Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal. They quickly resold the Toronto and Ottawa properties to finance their continued Canadian expansion in 1950, paying $4.8 million to purchase Cardy Hotels, a chain of six properties in Ontario and Quebec. In 1956, Sheraton paid $30 million to buy the Eppley Hotel Company, which was then the largest privately held hotel business in the United States, with 22 properties across six Midwestern states. Sheraton retained ten of the largest hotels and immediately resold the other twelve. That same year, Sheraton acquired its first motels, purchasing two properties in the suburbs of Syracuse, New York. In 1958, Sheraton became the first hotel chain to centralize and computerize its reservations when it introduced Reservatron, the hotel industry's first automatic electronic reservations system. In 1959, Sheraton acquired its first properties outside North America, purchasing four hotels owned by the Matson Lines on Waikiki Beach in Honolulu, Hawaii the Moana Hotel, the Royal Hawaiian Hotel, the SurfRider Hotel, and the Princess Kaiulani Hotel. That same year Sheraton opened its first newly built motel, marketed as a "Highway Hotel," the Sheraton Inn, located in Binghamton, New York. The early 1960s saw the arrival of the first Sheraton hotels outside the US and Canada, with the opening of the Sheraton Tel Aviv Hotel in Israel in March 1961 and two Caribbean properties in 1962 the Sheraton Kingston Hotel in Jamaica and the British Colonial Hilton Nassau in Nassau, Bahamas. In 1962, Sheraton created a franchise division, primarily to operate Sheraton Motor Inns, large highway motels providing free parking. In 1963 Sheraton opened its first hotel in South America, the Macuto Sheraton Hotel, outside Caracas, Venezuela. In 1967 Sheraton unveiled Reservatron II, a computer system for personalized reservations. Under ITT's ownership, Sheraton quickly moved away from ownership and operation of its properties to a new model of franchising and management, as the chain expanded greatly both in the US and abroad. In late 1969, Sheraton introduced the hotel industry's first The radio jingle for "Eight Oh Oh, Three Two Five, Three Five Three Five" "ran throughout the decade and into the eighties" but the jingle's lifespan went even beyond. In 1970, Sheraton introduced the Sheraton Towers concept, a line of luxury "hotel within a hotel" facilities designed for business travelers and located within Sheraton's largest and most exclusive hotels. The first Sheraton Towers to open was in the chain's flagship Sheraton Boston Hotel. which became the Great Wall Sheraton. Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels had opened the Jianguo Hotel in Beijing in 1982 and Holiday Inn had opened the Beijing Lido Hotel in 1984. By 1987, The New York Times described it as "50 years old, the world's largest hotel chain, and consumer driven."

On January 13, 1992, ITT Sheraton designated 28 of its premier hotels and 33 of the Sheraton Towers as the ITT Sheraton Luxury Collection. The flagship of the division was The St Regis in New York City. In 1994, ITT Sheraton purchased a controlling interest in the Italian CIGA chain, the Compagnia Italiana Grandi Alberghi, or Italian Grand Hotels Company. The chain had begun by operating hotels in Italy, but over expanded across Europe just as a recession hit, and had been seized from its previous owner, the Aga Khan, by its creditors. The majority of these hotels were placed in the ITT Sheraton Luxury Collection, though a few were placed in the Sheraton division. In April 1995, ITT Sheraton introduced a new, mid range hotel brand, Four Points by Sheraton, to replace the designation of certain hotels as Sheraton Inns.

In 1998, Starwood acquired ITT Sheraton for $13.3 billion, topping an offer by rival Hilton. Under Starwood's leadership, Sheraton began renovating many hotels and expanding the brand's footprint. Starwood also began marketing The Luxury Collection as a completely separate brand, even though it contained a large number of hotels still named Sheraton. Most of those properties have since been renamed. Only three such hotels remain today Sheraton Addis in (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia), Sheraton Grande Sukhumvit in (Bangkok, Thailand), and Sheraton Kuwait in (Kuwait City, Kuwait). Also in 1998, Sheraton joined with the Arabella Hospitality Group in Germany to create ArabellaSheraton, a joint venture under which 14 Arabella Hotels in Germany, Switzerland and Spain were rebranded as ArabellaSheraton Hotels. In 1999, Sheraton bought the outstanding shares in CIGA, giving it complete ownership. In 2015, Starwood introduced the "Sheraton Grand" brand, higher end Sheraton properties located in urban or resort destinations.

In 2016, Marriott International purchased Starwood Hotels, and the newly merged company again became the world's largest hotel and resort company. In 2023, Marriott announced a new spinoff brand of Four Points by Sheraton, called Four Points Express by Sheraton, targeting the mid range market in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Its first property opened in Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey that fall.

NorthAmerica Europe Middle E.& Africa Asia &Pacific CaribbeanLatin Am. Total 2016 Properties 196 62 30 123 38 449 Rooms 74,350 17,069 10,015 47,207 10,183 158,824 2017 Properties 192 62 30 122 35 441 Rooms 73,074 16,847 10,236 46,143 9,450 155,750 2018 Properties 190 61 31 123 36 441 Rooms 72,674 16,580 10,408 46,073 9,882 155,617 2019 Properties 189 62 31 130 35 447 Rooms 72,039 17,054 9,910 47,878 9,682 156,563 2020 Properties 183 62 30 136 31 442 Rooms 70,245 16,900 9,299 49,399 8,613 154,456 2021 Properties 178 57 33 139 30 437 Rooms 68,824 16,008 9,699 50,315 8,396 153,242 2022 Properties 172 50 33 146 29 430 Rooms 66,621 14,096 9,516 52,487 8,226 150,946 2023 Properties 168 51 32 155 30 436 Rooms 64,923 14,279 9,234 55,316 8,442 152,194