Южнокорейский гуманоидный робот HUBO: история развития

South Korean humanoid robot
the humanoid robot

HUBO (; designated KHR 3) is a walking humanoid robot, head mounted on a life size walking bipedal frame, developed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and released on January 6, 2005. According to Hubo's creator Prof Jun Ho Oh and his Plenary Session at ICRA 2012 entitled Development Outline of the Humanoid Robot: HUBO II the name Hubo is simply a name, not an abbreviation. Hubo has voice recognition and synthesis faculties, as well as sophisticated vision in which its two eyes move independently of one another.

Korea's history in robotics engineering is relatively short. KAIST only began research in 2000, led by professor Oh Jun ho. The first prototype, KHR 0, consisting of two legs without an upper body was built in 2001. KHR 1 was developed without a head or hands released in 2003, followed by a complete humanoid KHR 2 in 2004.

The KHR 3's physical specifications, such as height, weight, and the number of DOFs (degrees of freedom), were similar to Honda's ASIMO, which served as the benchmark for the project. In terms of AI and movements, HUBO fell short of the "next gen ASIMO," which was unveiled three months later. While HUBO could only walk at 1.25 km/h, the ASIMO could walk at 2.5 km/h and also run at 3 km/h. The ASIMO was also capable of walking up and down stairs, which was a temporary shortcoming for HUBO needing further development. KAIST researchers noted, however, that HUBO could play kai bai bo (the Korean version of rock paper scissors), which was impossible for ASIMO since its fingers could not move independently of each other.

In November 2005, KAIST, Korea and Dallas, Texas based Hanson Robotics, Inc (HRI) released the world's first android head mounted on a life size walking bi pedal frame at the APEC Summit in Seoul, Korea. The walking frame was based on the KHR 3 HUBO, while the head was an exact recreation of the late physicist, Albert Einstein. The android was able to speak and cover a wide range of natural facial expressions, built upon prior HRI development on the Philip K. Dick android, which made its official debut at the Wired Magazine NextFest '05 in Chicago, Illinois. The humanoid prototype was officially dubbed "Albert Einstein Hubo".

Jaemi HUBO was developed from 2008 to 2009. The complete humanoid robot was given a slimmer design with an aluminum endoskeleton and a polycarbonate frame, resulting in a slightly taller height but a 20% lighter weight than its predecessors. Its movements were more realistic since the arms made quicker and more natural motions, and the legs could stretch to imitate human walking, which also consumes less energy than the traditional humanoid walking based on the Zero Moment Point trajectory. Its walking speed was improved to 1.5 km/h, and it also acquired the ability to run at 3.0 km/h (which is still much slower than the new ASIMO's 9 km/h by comparison).

KHR 0(2001) KHR 1(2002) KHR 2(2004) HUBO (KHR 3)(2005) Albert HUBO(2005) HUBO 2 (KHR 4)(2008) HUBO 2 Plus(2011) Weight 29 kg 48 kg 56 kg 56 kg 57 kg 45 kg 43 kg Height 110 cm 120 cm 120 cm 125 cm 137 cm 125 cm 130 cm Walking speed 1.0 km/h 1.2 km/h 1.25 km/h 1.25 km/h 1.5 km/h 1.5 km/h Continuous operating time 60 minutes 60 minutes 120 minutes 130 minutes Degrees of Freedom 12 41 41 66 41 38

A HUBO entered by TEAM KAIST was the winner of the DARPA Robotics Challenge finals on June 6, 2015. The machine, called DRC Hubo, is an adaptable multifunctional device with the ability to transform from a walking robot to rolling on four wheels by bending and using wheels incorporated into its knees. One of the tasks was to climb stairs, which the DRC Hubo was able to do by transforming into its walking posture.