Введение
Шахматное начало
The Frankenstein–Dracula Variation is a chess opening for Black, usually considered a variation of the Vienna Game, beginning with the moves:
1. e4 e5
2. Nc3 Nf6
3. Bc4 Nxe4
or it can be reached by transposition from the Bishop's Opening:
2. Bc4 Nf6
3. Nc3 Nxe4
It involves many complications, but with accurate play is viable for both sides. The variation was given its name by Tim Harding in his 1976 book on the Vienna Game, in which he said that the bloodthirstiness of the character of play was such that "a game between Dracula and the Frankenstein Monster would not seem out of place." The line is rarely seen in top level play. Jacob Øst Hansen deployed it against John Nunn in Teesside 1972. Vasyl Ivanchuk used it against Viswanathan Anand in Roquebrune in 1992 in a game that ended in a draw. Alexei Shirov played it as Black in a simultaneous exhibition in Canada 2011. In 2019, Hikaru Nakamura played it in a rapid game in St. Louis against Jan Krzysztof Duda.
Вариация Франкенштейна — Дракулы — это шахматное начало для чёрных, обычно рассматриваемое как вариант Венской партии, начинающееся следующими ходами:
The Frankenstein–Dracula Variation is a chess opening for Black, usually considered a variation of the Vienna Game, beginning with the moves:
1. e4 e5
2. Nc3 Nf6
3. Bc4 Nxe4
or it can be reached by transposition from the Bishop's Opening:
2. Bc4 Nf6
3. Nc3 Nxe4
It involves many complications, but with accurate play is viable for both sides. The variation was given its name by Tim Harding in his 1976 book on the Vienna Game, in which he said that the bloodthirstiness of the character of play was such that "a game between Dracula and the Frankenstein Monster would not seem out of place." The line is rarely seen in top level play. Jacob Øst Hansen deployed it against John Nunn in Teesside 1972. Vasyl Ivanchuk used it against Viswanathan Anand in Roquebrune in 1992 in a game that ended in a draw. Alexei Shirov played it as Black in a simultaneous exhibition in Canada 2011. In 2019, Hikaru Nakamura played it in a rapid game in St. Louis against Jan Krzysztof Duda.
1. e4 e5
2. Кс3 Nf6
3. Сс4 Nxe4
The Frankenstein–Dracula Variation is a chess opening for Black, usually considered a variation of the Vienna Game, beginning with the moves:
1. e4 e5
2. Nc3 Nf6
3. Bc4 Nxe4
or it can be reached by transposition from the Bishop's Opening:
2. Bc4 Nf6
3. Nc3 Nxe4
It involves many complications, but with accurate play is viable for both sides. The variation was given its name by Tim Harding in his 1976 book on the Vienna Game, in which he said that the bloodthirstiness of the character of play was such that "a game between Dracula and the Frankenstein Monster would not seem out of place." The line is rarely seen in top level play. Jacob Øst Hansen deployed it against John Nunn in Teesside 1972. Vasyl Ivanchuk used it against Viswanathan Anand in Roquebrune in 1992 in a game that ended in a draw. Alexei Shirov played it as Black in a simultaneous exhibition in Canada 2011. In 2019, Hikaru Nakamura played it in a rapid game in St. Louis against Jan Krzysztof Duda.
или его можно получить путём транспозиции из Епископского начала:
2. Сс4 Nf6
3. Кс3 Nxe4
The Frankenstein–Dracula Variation is a chess opening for Black, usually considered a variation of the Vienna Game, beginning with the moves:
1. e4 e5
2. Nc3 Nf6
3. Bc4 Nxe4
or it can be reached by transposition from the Bishop's Opening:
2. Bc4 Nf6
3. Nc3 Nxe4
It involves many complications, but with accurate play is viable for both sides. The variation was given its name by Tim Harding in his 1976 book on the Vienna Game, in which he said that the bloodthirstiness of the character of play was such that "a game between Dracula and the Frankenstein Monster would not seem out of place." The line is rarely seen in top level play. Jacob Øst Hansen deployed it against John Nunn in Teesside 1972. Vasyl Ivanchuk used it against Viswanathan Anand in Roquebrune in 1992 in a game that ended in a draw. Alexei Shirov played it as Black in a simultaneous exhibition in Canada 2011. In 2019, Hikaru Nakamura played it in a rapid game in St. Louis against Jan Krzysztof Duda.
Оно связано со многими осложнениями, но при точной игре является перспективным для обеих сторон. Своё название вариант получил от Тима Хардинга в его книге 1976 года о Венской партии, где он отметил, что жестокость возникающих позиций такова, что "игра между Дракулой и монстром Франкенштейна не выглядела бы неуместной". Эта линия редко встречается в играх на высшем уровне. Якоб Ост Хансен применил её против Джона Нанна в Тиссиде в 1972 году. Василий Иванчук использовал её против Вишванатана Ананда в Рокбруне в 1992 году в партии, завершившейся ничьей. Алексей Широв сыграл её чёрными на сеансе одновременной игры в Канаде в 2011 году. В 2019 году Хикару Накамура использовал её в быстрой партии в Сент-Луисе против Яна Кшиштофа Дуды.
The Frankenstein–Dracula Variation is a chess opening for Black, usually considered a variation of the Vienna Game, beginning with the moves:
1. e4 e5
2. Nc3 Nf6
3. Bc4 Nxe4
or it can be reached by transposition from the Bishop's Opening:
2. Bc4 Nf6
3. Nc3 Nxe4
It involves many complications, but with accurate play is viable for both sides. The variation was given its name by Tim Harding in his 1976 book on the Vienna Game, in which he said that the bloodthirstiness of the character of play was such that "a game between Dracula and the Frankenstein Monster would not seem out of place." The line is rarely seen in top level play. Jacob Øst Hansen deployed it against John Nunn in Teesside 1972. Vasyl Ivanchuk used it against Viswanathan Anand in Roquebrune in 1992 in a game that ended in a draw. Alexei Shirov played it as Black in a simultaneous exhibition in Canada 2011. In 2019, Hikaru Nakamura played it in a rapid game in St. Louis against Jan Krzysztof Duda.
Анотированные движения
1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Bc4 Другой распространенный способ достижения той же позиции – 1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 (Открытие епископа) Nf6 3. Nc3. Или же защита Алехина: 1. e4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e5! и т.д.
Another common way of reaching the same position is 1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 (Bishop's Opening) Nf6 3. Nc3. Or the Alekhine's Defence: 1. e4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e5! etc
3 Nxe4
This move defines the Frankenstein–Dracula Variation. White cannot win immediately, since 4. Nxe4 brings 4 d5. 4. Qh5
4. Nxe4 d5 is considered to give Black no problems. 4. Bxf7+ Kxf7 5. Nxe4 is considered good for Black as long as he avoids 5 Nc6 (5 d5) 6. Qf3+ Kg8 7. Ng5 and White wins (7 Qxg5 8. Qd5). 4. Qh5 threatens Qxf7#, a threat that White continues to renew in this line. 4 Nd6
This move is the only good response to White's dual threats against f7 and e5; 4 Ng5 would be met by 5. d4 Ne6 6. dxe5 with some advantage. Also possible is 6. d5, when 6 g6 loses to 7. dxe6, as in Böök–Heidenheimo 1925. Instead, 6. d5 Nd4 led to very complicated play in Kis–Csato, Hungarian Team Championship 1993. 5. Bb3
Swedish grandmaster Ulf Andersson recommended 5. Qxe5+ Qe7 6. Qxe7+ Bxe7 7. Be2, claiming that White has some advantage. (See Harding's 1998 column cited below.) 5 Nc6
5 Be7 (returning the pawn) is a alternative, for example 6. Nf3 Nc6 7. Nxe5 0 0 (7 g6!? is worth a try) 8.0 0 Nxe5 9. Qxe5 Bf6 10. Qf4 Ne8 11. d4 c6 12. d5; however, White has a better game (Larsen; Nielsen–Muir, corr. 1971). 6. Nb5 g6 7. Qf3 f5
David Bronstein once won a game with 7 f6 8. Nxc7+ Qxc7 9. Qxf6 b6 10. Qxh8 Bb7 11. Qxh7 0 0 0, but he has not found followers. If Black tries 7 Nf5, then White continues 8. g4 (also strong is 8. Qd5 Nh6 9. d4 d6 10. Bxh6 Be6 11. Qf3 Bxh6 12. d5 Hughes–Fogarty, Pittsburgh 2013) 8 a6 9. gxf5 axb5 10. fxg6 Qe7 11. gxf7+ Kd8 12. Ne2 (preventing Nd4) e4 13. Qg3+/−. 8. Qd5 Qe7
8 Qf6 has also been tried and leads to notably different games. For instance, after 9 Nxc7+ Kd8 10 Nxa8 b6 11. d3 Bb7 12. h4 as in the Qe7 line, Black has the strong 12 Ne7! that he cannot play when the queen is on e7, and now White has a very poor game. If White wants to avoid Black's attack, the line 11. d4 Nxd4 12. Nxb6 axb6 13. Nf3 Bb7 14. Qxd4 (this would be a terrible move with the black queen on e7) followed by 14 exd4 15. Bg5 Qxg5 16. Nxg5 calm down with almost equal game. White can choose other more promising lines involving several queen moves. 9. Nxc7+ Kd8 10. Nxa8
Black is at the moment a rook down, but will eventually regain the knight, leaving him down the exchange. In return, Black will play for an
10 b6 (diagram)
Black almost always continues with this move, preparing Bb7 to pick up the trapped knight. In return for his material, Black has a good and his bishops will be well placed on the He will try to justify his sacrifice by avoiding a queen exchange and attempting to checkmate White. White will secure his king (usually by castling ) and his queen (which for the moment is somewhat short of squares), hold onto his extra material and eventually may go on the offensive and attack the black king stuck in the centre of the board. Whether Black has sufficient compensation is a matter of opinion. One possible continuation is 11. d3 Bb7 12. h4 (threatening to win Black's queen with Bg5) 12 f4 13. Qf3 Nd4 (13 Bh6 14. Bd2 is also possible) 14. Qg4 (a 1969 recommendation by Anthony Santasiere, threatening to trade queens with Qg5), when Black has choices 14 Bh6, 14 Bg7, and 14 Bxa8. (See Harding's 1998 column cited below.)
3. Nxe4
Этот ход определяет вариацию Франкенштейна – Дракулы. Белые не могут выиграть сразу, так как 4. Nxe4 ведет к 4...d5. 4. Qh5
4. Nxe4 d5 считается, что не создает проблем для черных. 4. Bxf7+ Kxf7 5. Nxe4 считается выгодным для черных, если они избегают 5. Nc6 (5...d5) 6. Qf3+ Kg8 7. Ng5, и белые выигрывают (7. Qxg5 8. Qd5). 4. Qh5 угрожает Qxf7#, угрозу, которую белые продолжают возобновлять в этой линии. 4...Nd6
Этот ход – единственный хороший ответ на двойную угрозу белых против f7 и e5; 4...Ng5 будет встречен 5. d4 Ne6 6. dxe5 с некоторым преимуществом. Возможен также 6. d5, когда 6...g6 проигрывает 7. dxe6, как в партии Бёок – Хайденхеймо 1925 года. Вместо этого 6. d5 Nd4 привела к очень сложной игре в матче Кис – Чато, командный чемпионат Венгрии 1993 года. 5. Bb3
Шведский гроссмейстер Ульф Андерссон рекомендовал 5. Qxe5+ Qe7 6. Qxe7+ Bxe7 7. Be2, утверждая, что у белых есть некоторое преимущество. (См. колонку Хардинга 1998 года, указанную ниже.) 5...Nc6
5...Be7 (возврат пешки) – альтернатива, например, 6. Nf3 Nc6 7. Nxe5 0-0 (7...g6!? стоит попробовать) 8. 0-0 Nxe5 9. Qxe5 Bf6 10. Qf4 Ne8 11. d4 c6 12. d5; однако у белых лучшая игра (Ларсен; Нильсен – Мюр, корр. 1971). 6. Nb5 g6 7. Qf3 f5
Дэвид Бронштейн однажды выиграл партию ходом 7...f6 8. Nxc7+ Qxc7 9. Qxf6 b6 10. Qxh8 Bb7 11. Qxh7 0-0-0, но не нашел последователей. Если черные попробуют 7...Nf5, то белые продолжат 8. g4 (сильно также 8. Qd5 Nh6 9. d4 d6 10. Bxh6 Be6 11. Qf3 Bxh6 12. d5, Хьюз – Фогарти, Питтсбург 2013). 8. a6 9. gxf5 axb5 10. fxg6 Qe7 11. gxf7+ Kd8 12. Ne2 (предотвращает Nd4) e4 13. Qg3+/−. 8. Qd5 Qe7
8...Qf6 также было опробовано и приводит к заметно отличающимся играм. Например, после 9. Nxc7+ Kd8 10. Nxa8 b6 11. d3 Bb7 12. h4, как в линии Qe7, у черных есть сильный ход 12...Ne7!, который они не могут сделать, когда королева на e7, и теперь у белых очень плохая игра. Если белые хотят избежать атаки черных, то линия 11. d4 Nxd4 12. Nxb6 axb6 13. Nf3 Bb7 14. Qxd4 (это был бы ужасный ход с черной королевой на e7), за которым следует 14...exd4 15. Bg5 Qxg5 16. Nxg5 приводит к почти равной игре. Белые могут выбрать другие, более перспективные линии, включающие несколько ходов королевой. 9. Nxc7+ Kd8 10. Nxa8
В данный момент черные проигрывают ладью, но в конечном итоге вернут коня, оставив их в обмене. Взамен черные будут играть за
Another common way of reaching the same position is 1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 (Bishop's Opening) Nf6 3. Nc3. Or the Alekhine's Defence: 1. e4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e5! etc
3 Nxe4
This move defines the Frankenstein–Dracula Variation. White cannot win immediately, since 4. Nxe4 brings 4 d5. 4. Qh5
4. Nxe4 d5 is considered to give Black no problems. 4. Bxf7+ Kxf7 5. Nxe4 is considered good for Black as long as he avoids 5 Nc6 (5 d5) 6. Qf3+ Kg8 7. Ng5 and White wins (7 Qxg5 8. Qd5). 4. Qh5 threatens Qxf7#, a threat that White continues to renew in this line. 4 Nd6
This move is the only good response to White's dual threats against f7 and e5; 4 Ng5 would be met by 5. d4 Ne6 6. dxe5 with some advantage. Also possible is 6. d5, when 6 g6 loses to 7. dxe6, as in Böök–Heidenheimo 1925. Instead, 6. d5 Nd4 led to very complicated play in Kis–Csato, Hungarian Team Championship 1993. 5. Bb3
Swedish grandmaster Ulf Andersson recommended 5. Qxe5+ Qe7 6. Qxe7+ Bxe7 7. Be2, claiming that White has some advantage. (See Harding's 1998 column cited below.) 5 Nc6
5 Be7 (returning the pawn) is a alternative, for example 6. Nf3 Nc6 7. Nxe5 0 0 (7 g6!? is worth a try) 8.0 0 Nxe5 9. Qxe5 Bf6 10. Qf4 Ne8 11. d4 c6 12. d5; however, White has a better game (Larsen; Nielsen–Muir, corr. 1971). 6. Nb5 g6 7. Qf3 f5
David Bronstein once won a game with 7 f6 8. Nxc7+ Qxc7 9. Qxf6 b6 10. Qxh8 Bb7 11. Qxh7 0 0 0, but he has not found followers. If Black tries 7 Nf5, then White continues 8. g4 (also strong is 8. Qd5 Nh6 9. d4 d6 10. Bxh6 Be6 11. Qf3 Bxh6 12. d5 Hughes–Fogarty, Pittsburgh 2013) 8 a6 9. gxf5 axb5 10. fxg6 Qe7 11. gxf7+ Kd8 12. Ne2 (preventing Nd4) e4 13. Qg3+/−. 8. Qd5 Qe7
8 Qf6 has also been tried and leads to notably different games. For instance, after 9 Nxc7+ Kd8 10 Nxa8 b6 11. d3 Bb7 12. h4 as in the Qe7 line, Black has the strong 12 Ne7! that he cannot play when the queen is on e7, and now White has a very poor game. If White wants to avoid Black's attack, the line 11. d4 Nxd4 12. Nxb6 axb6 13. Nf3 Bb7 14. Qxd4 (this would be a terrible move with the black queen on e7) followed by 14 exd4 15. Bg5 Qxg5 16. Nxg5 calm down with almost equal game. White can choose other more promising lines involving several queen moves. 9. Nxc7+ Kd8 10. Nxa8
Black is at the moment a rook down, but will eventually regain the knight, leaving him down the exchange. In return, Black will play for an
10 b6 (diagram)
Black almost always continues with this move, preparing Bb7 to pick up the trapped knight. In return for his material, Black has a good and his bishops will be well placed on the He will try to justify his sacrifice by avoiding a queen exchange and attempting to checkmate White. White will secure his king (usually by castling ) and his queen (which for the moment is somewhat short of squares), hold onto his extra material and eventually may go on the offensive and attack the black king stuck in the centre of the board. Whether Black has sufficient compensation is a matter of opinion. One possible continuation is 11. d3 Bb7 12. h4 (threatening to win Black's queen with Bg5) 12 f4 13. Qf3 Nd4 (13 Bh6 14. Bd2 is also possible) 14. Qg4 (a 1969 recommendation by Anthony Santasiere, threatening to trade queens with Qg5), when Black has choices 14 Bh6, 14 Bg7, and 14 Bxa8. (See Harding's 1998 column cited below.)
10. b6 (диаграмма)
Черные почти всегда продолжают этим ходом, готовя Bb7 к захвату попавшего в ловушку коня. В обмен на свой материал черные имеют хорошую компенсацию, и их слоны будут хорошо расположены. Они попытаются оправдать свою жертву, избегая обмена королевы и пытаясь поставить мат белым. Белые защитят своего короля (обычно путем рокировки) и свою королеву (которая пока что испытывает нехватку полей), удержат свой дополнительный материал и в конечном итоге могут перейти в наступление и атаковать черного короля, застрявшего в центре доски. Достаточно ли у черных компенсации – вопрос мнения. Одно из возможных продолжений – 11. d3 Bb7 12. h4 (угрожает выиграть королеву черных ходом Bg5) 12...f4 13. Qf3 Nd4 (13...Bh6 14. Bd2 также возможно) 14. Qg4 (рекомендация Энтони Сантазиера 1969 года, угрожающая обменом королевы ходом Qg5), когда у черных есть выбор: 14...Bh6, 14...Bg7 и 14...Bxa8. (См. колонку Хардинга 1998 года, указанную ниже.)
Another common way of reaching the same position is 1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 (Bishop's Opening) Nf6 3. Nc3. Or the Alekhine's Defence: 1. e4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e5! etc
3 Nxe4
This move defines the Frankenstein–Dracula Variation. White cannot win immediately, since 4. Nxe4 brings 4 d5. 4. Qh5
4. Nxe4 d5 is considered to give Black no problems. 4. Bxf7+ Kxf7 5. Nxe4 is considered good for Black as long as he avoids 5 Nc6 (5 d5) 6. Qf3+ Kg8 7. Ng5 and White wins (7 Qxg5 8. Qd5). 4. Qh5 threatens Qxf7#, a threat that White continues to renew in this line. 4 Nd6
This move is the only good response to White's dual threats against f7 and e5; 4 Ng5 would be met by 5. d4 Ne6 6. dxe5 with some advantage. Also possible is 6. d5, when 6 g6 loses to 7. dxe6, as in Böök–Heidenheimo 1925. Instead, 6. d5 Nd4 led to very complicated play in Kis–Csato, Hungarian Team Championship 1993. 5. Bb3
Swedish grandmaster Ulf Andersson recommended 5. Qxe5+ Qe7 6. Qxe7+ Bxe7 7. Be2, claiming that White has some advantage. (See Harding's 1998 column cited below.) 5 Nc6
5 Be7 (returning the pawn) is a alternative, for example 6. Nf3 Nc6 7. Nxe5 0 0 (7 g6!? is worth a try) 8.0 0 Nxe5 9. Qxe5 Bf6 10. Qf4 Ne8 11. d4 c6 12. d5; however, White has a better game (Larsen; Nielsen–Muir, corr. 1971). 6. Nb5 g6 7. Qf3 f5
David Bronstein once won a game with 7 f6 8. Nxc7+ Qxc7 9. Qxf6 b6 10. Qxh8 Bb7 11. Qxh7 0 0 0, but he has not found followers. If Black tries 7 Nf5, then White continues 8. g4 (also strong is 8. Qd5 Nh6 9. d4 d6 10. Bxh6 Be6 11. Qf3 Bxh6 12. d5 Hughes–Fogarty, Pittsburgh 2013) 8 a6 9. gxf5 axb5 10. fxg6 Qe7 11. gxf7+ Kd8 12. Ne2 (preventing Nd4) e4 13. Qg3+/−. 8. Qd5 Qe7
8 Qf6 has also been tried and leads to notably different games. For instance, after 9 Nxc7+ Kd8 10 Nxa8 b6 11. d3 Bb7 12. h4 as in the Qe7 line, Black has the strong 12 Ne7! that he cannot play when the queen is on e7, and now White has a very poor game. If White wants to avoid Black's attack, the line 11. d4 Nxd4 12. Nxb6 axb6 13. Nf3 Bb7 14. Qxd4 (this would be a terrible move with the black queen on e7) followed by 14 exd4 15. Bg5 Qxg5 16. Nxg5 calm down with almost equal game. White can choose other more promising lines involving several queen moves. 9. Nxc7+ Kd8 10. Nxa8
Black is at the moment a rook down, but will eventually regain the knight, leaving him down the exchange. In return, Black will play for an
10 b6 (diagram)
Black almost always continues with this move, preparing Bb7 to pick up the trapped knight. In return for his material, Black has a good and his bishops will be well placed on the He will try to justify his sacrifice by avoiding a queen exchange and attempting to checkmate White. White will secure his king (usually by castling ) and his queen (which for the moment is somewhat short of squares), hold onto his extra material and eventually may go on the offensive and attack the black king stuck in the centre of the board. Whether Black has sufficient compensation is a matter of opinion. One possible continuation is 11. d3 Bb7 12. h4 (threatening to win Black's queen with Bg5) 12 f4 13. Qf3 Nd4 (13 Bh6 14. Bd2 is also possible) 14. Qg4 (a 1969 recommendation by Anthony Santasiere, threatening to trade queens with Qg5), when Black has choices 14 Bh6, 14 Bg7, and 14 Bxa8. (See Harding's 1998 column cited below.)
Известные игры
Якоб Ост Хансен против Джона Нанна, Тиссид 1974 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Bc4 Nxe4 4. Qh5 Nd6 5. Bb3 Nc6 6. Nb5 g6 7. Qf3 f5 8. Qd5 Qe7 9. Nxc7+ Kd8 10. Nxa8 b6 11. d3 Bb7 12. h4 f4 13. Qf3 Bh6 14. Qg4 e4 15. Bxf4 exd3+ 16. Kf1 Bxf4 17. Qxf4 Rf8 18. Qg3 Ne4 19. Qc7+ Ke8 20. Nh3 Nxf2 21. Nxf2 Qe2+ 22. Kg1 Qxf2+ 23. Kh2 Qxh4+ 24. Kg1 Qd4+ 25. Kh2 Ne5 26. Rhf1 Ng4+ 27. Kh3 Qe3+ 28. Kxg4 h5+ 29. Kh4 g5+ 30. Kxh5 Rh8+ 31. Kg6 Be4+ 32. Rf5 Bxf5+ 33. Kxf5 Rf8+ 34. Kg6 Qe4+ 35. Kg7 Qe7+ 36. Kg6 Qf6+ 37. Kh5 Qh8+ 38. Kg4 Qh4#