Бардни: История и наследие линккольнширской деревни

Village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England

Bardney is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish was 1,643 at the 2001 census increasing to 1,848 (including Southrey) at the 2011 census. The village sits on the east bank of the River Witham and 9 mile (14 km) east of Lincoln.

Two Roman artefacts have been found in Bardney: a gemstone and a coin. Nearby villages show evidence of Roman settlement, particularly Potterhanworth Booths and Branston Booths. The place name is Old English in origin, and means "island of a man called Bearda". It occurs in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, under the year 716, as "Bearddanig", and in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Bardenai". Once the site of a mediaeval abbey, ruined in Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries, agricultural improvement made the village prosperous in the 19th century. Improved transport, first on the River and then the arrival of several railways caused considerable expansion between the traditional centre of the village and the former riverside settlement of Bardney Ferry, where in 1894 the ferry was replaced by the present bridge. A British Sugar factory, built in 1927, survived the closure of the railways but ceased processing on 9 February 2001.

Bardney Abbey was founded before 679, perhaps as double house of monks and nuns, and perhaps as a Minster. It was destroyed by the Danes circa 860. Refounded 1087 as a Priory, it became a Benedictine Abbey in 1115, and was dissolved in 1538. Bede relates that Bardney Abbey (which he called Beardaneu) was greatly loved by Osthryth, queen of Mercia, and in about 679 she sought to move the bones of her uncle, the very pious St Oswald, to there. However, when the body was brought to the Abbey the monks refused to accept it, because the Abbey was in the Kingdom of Lindsey, and Oswald, when king of Northumbria, had once conquered them. The relics were locked outside, but during the night a beam of light appeared and shone from his bier reaching up into the heavens. The monks declared that it was a miracle and accepted the body, hanging the King's Purple and Gold banner over the tomb. As well as the wondrous light, other miracles were associated with the remains of King Oswald. The bones at Bardney were washed before interment, and the ground into which the water was poured supposedly gained great healing powers. In another tale from Bede, a boy with the Ague kept vigil by the tomb and was cured. The King's heads and hands had been separately interred, for he had been dismembered in battle. In 909, in response to increased viking raids, Oswald's bones were translated to the new St Oswald's Priory, Gloucester.

Near the Abbey is the site of the Deserted Medieval Village of Butyate, which was demolished in 1959, and converted to farmland. There is another abandoned village associated with the former chapels of St Lawrence and St Andrew, north of modern Bardney.

The river Witham has been used for commercial shipping since time immemorial, but was straightened and improved many times including in 1753 and 1812. In 1870, Bardney had a station which was a junction for the Branch Line to Louth via Wragby and the Lincolnshire Loop Line. The Louth to Bardney Line closed as well as the Loop Line in 1970 although the section north of Wragby closed prior to 1958–1969. The route of the old railway has been converted into a cycle track, known as Water Rail Way, which follows the river between Lincoln and Boston. The name of the cycle track refers to the river, the railway, and a wetland bird found in the area, the water rail.

In 1972 the area was host to the Great Western Express Festival, a four day pop concert (also known as the Bardney Festival). Funded by Lord Harlech and the actor Stanley Baker (amongst others) it attracted 30,000 people to the venue, held at the nearby Tupholme Abbey ruins. Amongst the artistes playing were Roxy Music and Status Quo and, for two nights running, the Rory Gallagher Band. Despite its popularity the show lost money, due mainly to bad weather which blighted the event.

The parish church of St Lawrence is part of the Bardney Group of the Deanery of Horncastle in the Diocese of Lincoln. There is also an active Methodist chapel; the current minister is the Rev'd Gordon Davis. The modern primary school, Bardney Church of England and Methodist Primary School, was opened in 1983. It replaced two earlier schools merged in 1964.

Bardney lies between 7 and 17 metres above sea level, on the edge of the present day Lincolnshire Fens, but its name indicates that before the fens were drained for agriculture (from the 17th century onwards) it was surrounded with wet fenland. Nowadays the Lincolnshire Fens are mostly unflooded, very flat and very productive arable farmland. Wildlife observed on the fens near Bardney includes barn owl, red fox and hemlock. Bardney is surrounded by ancient woodlands composed primarily of lime trees, known collectively as Bardney Limewoods. Lime forests are rare in the United Kingdom, where oak is generally the dominant climatic climax species. The flora of the woodlands is indicative of ancient woodland, including Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non scripta and Circaea lutetiana, as well as several species of wild orchids. Wildlife in the limewoods includes deer, Eurasian jay, European hornet and purple hairstreak butterfly. In 2017 a white billed diver was observed on the River Witham at Bardney. This is an Arctic species which seldom visits the United Kingdom.