Двигатели Cummins B-серии: история, характеристики и применение.

The Cummins B Series is a family of diesel engines produced by American manufacturer Cummins. In production since 1984, the B series engine family is intended for multiple applications on and off highway, light duty, and medium duty. In the automotive industry, it is best known for its use in school buses, public service buses (most commonly the Dennis Dart and the Alexander Dennis Enviro400) in the United Kingdom, and Dodge/Ram pickup trucks. Since its introduction, three generations of the B series engine have been produced, offered in both inline four and inline six configurations in multiple displacements.

The B series features engine bores machined directly into the block (rather than the wet liners used on earlier Cummins engines). It is also set apart by the use of a shallow one piece head, requiring closer tolerances than in other Cummins products. Unlike earlier diesel engines the B series Cummins used direct injection and did not need glow plugs for cold starting. The engine was first manufactured in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, and other plants were later added in Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, and Darlington, UK. Every Cummins powered Dodge Pickup (since initial production in 1989) has come equipped with a turbocharger. It uses a gear drive camshaft for extra reliability. Also specified is a deep skirt engine block and extra strong connecting rods. A Holset turbocharger is used. The original B Series was updated with 24 valves and an electronic engine management system to become the ISB in 1998.

The 3.9 liter 4B/4BT/4BTA Cummins is categorized under the B Engine family alongside the 5.9 liter 6B/6BT/6BTA Cummins diesel engines. The 3.9 is an inline four cylinder, either naturally aspirated (4B) or turbodiesel (4BT/4BTA), which was popular for many step van applications including bread vans and other commercial vehicles. Additionally it has seen broad usage in agricultural equipment. It has also gained popularity as an engine swap into smaller trucks and SUVs.

The lowest powered, naturally aspirated 3.9 liter Cummins, the 4B, produces After 1989, the 6BT engine was used in light duty, medium duty and select heavy duty trucks and buses. The 6BT engine has recently become very popular for use in repowering various vehicles.

The 6B is the naturally aspirated version of the 6BT with the power output of between 150 and 173 hp and with the compression ratio of 19:1. There were no OEM automotive applications for 6B engines.

Appearing in the 1989–1998 Dodge Ram pickup truck, it became a popular alternative to the large gasoline V8 engines normally used in full size pickup trucks, since it produced torque at low engine RPM, and achieved significantly better fuel mileage. Due to the direct fuel injection, the 6BT has no glowplugs.

5.9L ISB CumminsProduction: 1998.5–2007Camshaft drive: Gear driven Crankshaft: Forged steel, 7 main bearingsSystem capacity with filter: Fuel system: Common rail High pressure direct injection, symmetrical combustion chamberManagement: Bosch Mechanical with electronic advancePower output: at 2900 rpmTorque: at 1600 rpmCompression ratio: 17.2:1Emissions control: Electric fuel control
The ISB (Interact System B) is one of the largest straight six engines used for light truck vehicles and school buses, and the improved high output 600 version was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2004. One unusual feature of the ISB is that it is a multi valve pushrod engine design, with four valves per cylinder (popularly referred to as the "24 Valve" Cummins). The engine displaces , with a cylinder bore and piston stroke. A turbocharger is used to increase the output in the high compression (17.2:1 in recent versions) diesel. It is an all iron engine with forged steel connecting rods, an assembled camshaft, and a cast aluminum intake manifold. The engine is produced in Columbus, Indiana. The ISB uses electronically controlled Bosch fuel systems, unlike the 6BT systems which were mechanical. Early ISB engines utilize Bosch injectors and a Bosch VP44 high pressure pump. Later ISB designs have common rail fuel injection, Bosch injectors, and a Bosch CP3 high pressure pump.

There are many changes over the previous 5.9L ISB for the Dodge truck, the most obvious being the larger displacement. The 6.7 ISB had an increase of cylinder bore and piston stroke to , respectively, thereby giving a displacement of
With the 6.7L ISB came the introduction of the Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT). The VG Turbocharger was introduced to reduce turbo lag by adjusting the vanes by sliding a steel ring in the exhaust housing dependent on engine RPM creating more or less pressure inside the exhaust housing and controlling the speed of the turbocharger. It also works as an integrated exhaust brake system and is all controlled by an electronic actuator on the turbocharger. This VGT system has been an extremely common issue with the 6.7L ISB and is typically diagnosed by the loss of the trucks exhaust brake.

The 5.9L QSB (Quantum System B) is an off road, heavy duty version of the ISB. Typically used in marine, agricultural, and construction applications, these engines share many of the same parts as the ISB and utilize the same Bosch fuel system.

In the earlier models of the Cummins B Series Engine, it was almost entirely mechanical including its fuel system. The fuel pump used in these engines was the Bosch P7100 injection pump, this pump is driven off the camshaft gear and drives its own internal camshaft to inject fuel to the individual injectors. This pump itself was one of the most popular options for fueling for the B Series Engines because of this simplistic design and how reliable it was. The P7100 injection pump also allows for large amounts of fuel to be delivered into the system with simple tweaking to the system to allow for larger injection events.

In the later models of B Series Engine, the fuel system was switched from mechanical injection and timing to mechanical injection with electronic timing. This was all thanks to Bosch's new VP44 radial distributor injection pump. The VP44 injection pump is driven at half the camshaft speed and produces an injection pressure of up to .

The most recent method of fuel injection used in Cummins B Series engines is electronically controlled common rail injection. It has been used in Cummins B Series engines and the B Series based NEF engine since 2003.