Теллер (Аляска): История и современность инупиатского поселения.

Teller ( or Iġaluŋniaġvik) is a city in the Nome Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 229, a decrease from 268 in 2000. It is situated on the southern half of the spit called Nuuk in Inupiaq, which separates Port Clarence Bay (see also Port Clarence, Alaska) and Grantley Harbor, at the outlet of the Imuruk Basin.

The Inupiat had a fishing camp called Nuuk south of Teller in the early 19th century. The 1825 28 Beechey expedition found three camps with a total of some 400 inhabitants and a winter camp site with burial grounds in a roughly 10 mile (16 km) radius around the later site of Teller on September 1, 1827. An expedition from the Western Union telegraph spent the winter at the present site of Teller in 1866 and 1867; they called it Libbyville or Libby Station. When the United States Government introduced reindeer herding in Alaska, the Teller Reindeer Station operated from 1892 to 1900 at a nearby site. A group of experienced Sami reindeer herders and families were brought in to train the Inupiat. The station was named for United States Senator and Secretary of the Interior Henry Moore Teller in 1892 by Sheldon Jackson. Teller was established in 1900 after the Bluestone Placer Mine discovery to the south. It took its name from the reindeer herding station. During the boom years in the early 20th century, Teller had a population of about 5,000 and was a major regional trading center. Natives from Diomede, Wales, Mary's Igloo, and King Island came to trade there. The Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church built Teller Mission across the harbor from Teller in 1900. The mission was renamed Brevig Mission in 1903, after the Reverend T. L. Brevig, who also served briefly as Teller's first postmaster, a post to which he was appointed April 2, 1900. The dirigible Norge detoured to Teller on its first flight over the North Pole from Norway to Nome in 1926. Many present residents of Teller came from Mary's Igloo. Mary's Igloo is now a summer fishing camp and has no permanent residents. Today, Teller is an Inupiat village that depends on subsistence hunting and fishing.

Teller is located on a spit northwest of Nome on the Seward Peninsula. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5 km2), of which 1.9 square miles (5 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (1 km2) (9.00%) is water.

Teller has a continental subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc), although its climate nearly qualifies as a tundra climate (Köppen: ETs).

All of Teller's public and commercial buildings and two thirds of Teller's occupied homes are at the Townsite, a low lying sand spit that is surrounded on three sides by water. Since the turn of the century damaging storms have been coming more often, the storms have been getting bigger, and the flooding has been getting worse. Teller has been forced to relocate its airport and landfill four miles uphill over the past three decades to escape intense erosion. Point Spencer, visible as a crescent shape in the satellite image, is the northernmost natural harbor on the West coast of North America. Point Spencer protects Teller from many Bering Sea storms, but when sustained wind and waves come out of the WSW, Teller is inundated with storm driven coastal flooding. In September 2005 Federal disaster (DR 1618) struck Teller. All infrastructure on the spit, including the school, power plant, clinic, and homes, were impacted by flooding. During the worst part of the storm, the main road flooded, splitting the town in two. Community members were evacuated to higher ground on boats. A storm in May 2009 damaged Teller's seawall; no funding was available to repair it. A storm in November 2011 washed out the remaining portion of Teller's seawall, breached the School's sewage lagoon and flooded downtown streets with knee deep flood waters contaminated with human waste. That same storm completely destroyed a newly constructed $6.5 million electrical intertie between Teller and Brevig Mission. To date, Teller has been unable to secure funding to repair the seawall. Teller's Tribal Leaders aren't standing still in the face of Climate Change. The Teller Environmental Adaptation and Mitigation TEAM Housing project, aims to construct eight new homes and move 32 existing homes from at risk locations to a safer location nearby, inland and uphill. Bering Straits Regional Housing Authority (BSRHA) will begin the project by constructing a fifteen acre gravel pad in the Spring of 2024. Construction and relocation will follow. If they are able to move swiftly enough, then Teller's historically marginalized predominately low income Native homeowners will be able to get out of the way of Climate Change before it strikes again.

Teller first appeared on the 1910 U. S. Census as an unincorporated village. The census bureau erroneously reported the name as Fuller. It reported correctly as Teller since 1920. It was formally incorporated in 1963. As of the census of 2000, there were 268 people, 76 households, and 61 families residing in the city. The population density was There were 87 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 7.46% White and 92.54% Native American. 0.37% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 76 households, 53.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.7% were non families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.53 and the average family size was 3.80. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 41.4% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 15.7% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 135.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 134.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $23,000, and the median income for a family was $20,000. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $8,617. About 33.9% of families and 37.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 45.0% of those under the age of 18 and 27.8% of those 65 or over.

Teller is served by the Bering Strait School District. James C. Isabell School serves grades Pre K through 12.