Эли Визель: Жизнь, Творчество и Борьба за Права Человека
Elie Wiesel
Эли Визель: биография, книги (особенно «Ночь»), лауреат Нобелевской премии и активист, переживший Холокост. Защитник прав человека и памяти жертв геноцида.
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Содержание
Введение
Родившийся в Румынии американский писатель и политический активист (1928–2016)
Romanian born American writer and political activist (1928–2016)
Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel ('/ɛ//l//i// //v//iː/'/z//ɛ//l/ ELee veeZEL or '/iː//l//aɪ// /'/v//iː//s//əl/ EEly VEEsəl; ; September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian born American writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate, and Holocaust survivor. He authored 57 books, written mostly in French and English, including Night, a work based on his experiences as a Jewish prisoner in the Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps. In his political activities Wiesel became a regular speaker on the subject of the Holocaust and remained a strong defender of human rights during his lifetime. He also advocated for many other causes like the state of Israel and against Hamas and victims of oppression including Soviet and Ethiopian Jews, the apartheid in South Africa, the Bosnian genocide, Sudan, the Kurds and the Armenian genocide, Argentina's Desaparecidos or Nicaragua's Miskito people. He was a professor of the humanities at Boston University, which created the Elie Wiesel Center for Jewish Studies in his honor. He was involved with Jewish causes and human rights causes and helped establish the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D. C.
Wiesel was awarded various prestigious awards including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986. He was a founding board member of the New York Human Rights Foundation and remained active in it throughout his life.
Элиезер "Эли" Визель (Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel; 30 сентября 1928 – 2 июля 2016) – американский писатель, профессор, политический активист, лауреат Нобелевской премии и переживший Холокост, родившийся в Румынии. Он является автором 57 книг, написанных преимущественно на французском и английском языках, включая «Ночь» – произведение, основанное на его опыте еврейского узника в концентрационных лагерях Освенцим и Бухенвальд. В своей политической деятельности Визель регулярно выступал с лекциями о Холокосте и на протяжении всей жизни оставался убежденным защитником прав человека. Он также поддерживал множество других инициатив, таких как государство Израиль, и выступал против ХАМАС, а также в защиту жертв угнетения, включая советских и эфиопских евреев, апартеида в Южной Африке, геноцида в Боснии, ситуации в Судане, прав курдов и признания геноцида армян, аргентинских «исчезнувших» и народа мискито из Никарагуа. Он был профессором гуманитарных наук в Бостонском университете, который в его честь учредил Центр еврейских исследований имени Эли Визеля. Он принимал активное участие в еврейских и правозащитных организациях и способствовал созданию Мемориального музея Холокоста в Вашингтоне, округ Колумбия. Визель был удостоен множества престижных наград, включая Нобелевскую премию мира в 1986 году. Он был одним из основателей совета директоров Нью-Йоркского фонда прав человека и оставался активным участником его деятельности на протяжении всей своей жизни.
Romanian born American writer and political activist (1928–2016)
Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel ('/ɛ//l//i// //v//iː/'/z//ɛ//l/ ELee veeZEL or '/iː//l//aɪ// /'/v//iː//s//əl/ EEly VEEsəl; ; September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian born American writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate, and Holocaust survivor. He authored 57 books, written mostly in French and English, including Night, a work based on his experiences as a Jewish prisoner in the Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps. In his political activities Wiesel became a regular speaker on the subject of the Holocaust and remained a strong defender of human rights during his lifetime. He also advocated for many other causes like the state of Israel and against Hamas and victims of oppression including Soviet and Ethiopian Jews, the apartheid in South Africa, the Bosnian genocide, Sudan, the Kurds and the Armenian genocide, Argentina's Desaparecidos or Nicaragua's Miskito people. He was a professor of the humanities at Boston University, which created the Elie Wiesel Center for Jewish Studies in his honor. He was involved with Jewish causes and human rights causes and helped establish the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D. C.
Wiesel was awarded various prestigious awards including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986. He was a founding board member of the New York Human Rights Foundation and remained active in it throughout his life.
Ранние годы
Элизер Визель родился в Сигете (ныне Сигету-Мармацией), Марамуреш, в Карпатских горах Румынии. Его родителями были Сара Фейг и Шломо Визель. Дома семья Визеля в основном говорила на идише, а также на немецком, венгерском и румынском языках. Мать Визеля, Сара, была дочерью Додье Фейга, вижницкого хасида и фермера из близлежащей деревни Боцско. Додье был активным и пользовался доверием в общине. Отец Визеля, Шломо, привил сыну сильное чувство гуманизма, поощряя его изучать иврит и читать литературу, в то время как мать поощряла его изучать Тору. Визель говорил, что его отец олицетворял разум, а его мать Сара – веру. Визеля учили, что его родословная восходит к раввину Шломо Ицхаки (Раши) и что он был потомком раввина Йешайяху бен Авраама Горовица ха-Леви. У Визеля было три сестры: старшие Беатрис и Хильда, и младшая Ципора. Беатрис и Хильда пережили войну и воссоединились с Визелем во французском детском доме. В конечном итоге они эмигрировали в Северную Америку, а Беатрис переехала в Монреаль, Квебек, Канада. Ципора, Шломо и Сара не пережили Холокоста.
Eliezer Wiesel was born in Sighet (now Sighetu Marmației), Maramureș, in the Carpathian Mountains of Romania. His parents were Sarah Feig and Shlomo Wiesel. At home, Wiesel's family spoke Yiddish most of the time, but also German, Hungarian, and Romanian. Wiesel's mother, Sarah, was the daughter of Dodye Feig, a Vizhnitz Hasid and farmer from the nearby village of Bocskó. Dodye was active and trusted within the community. Wiesel's father, Shlomo, instilled a strong sense of humanism in his son, encouraging him to learn Hebrew and to read literature, whereas his mother encouraged him to study the Torah. Wiesel said his father represented reason, while his mother Sarah promoted faith. Wiesel was instructed that his genealogy traced back to Rabbi Schlomo Yitzhaki (Rashi), and was a descendant of Rabbi Yeshayahu ben Abraham Horovitz ha Levi. Wiesel had three siblings—older sisters Beatrice and Hilda, and younger sister Tzipora. Beatrice and Hilda survived the war, and were reunited with Wiesel at a French orphanage. They eventually emigrated to North America, with Beatrice moving to Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Tzipora, Shlomo, and Sarah did not survive the Holocaust.
Заключение в тюрьму и оставление сирот во время Холокоста
В марте 1944 года Германия оккупировала Венгрию, тем самым распространив Холокост и на Северную Трансильванию. Визелю было 15 лет, и он вместе с семьей, а также остальными евреями города, были помещены в одно из двух гетто, созданных в Мармароссзигете (Сигет) – городе, где он родился и вырос. В мае 1944 года венгерские власти, под немецким давлением, начали депортацию еврейской общины в концентрационный лагерь Освенцим, где до 90 процентов прибывших были убиты сразу по прибытии. После перевода в Бухенвальд, его отец умер до освобождения лагеря. Визель вспоминал стыд, который он испытывал, слыша, как избивают его отца, и будучи не в силах помочь. На левой руке Визеля была нанесена татуировка с номером заключенного "А 7713". Лагерь был освобожден Третьей армией США 11 апреля 1945 года, когда их уже готовили к эвакуации из Бухенвальда.
In March 1944, Germany occupied Hungary, thus extending the Holocaust into Northern Transylvania as well. Wiesel was 15, and he, with his family, along with the rest of the town's Jewish population, was placed in one of the two confinement ghettos set up in Máramarossziget (Sighet), the town where he had been born and raised. In May 1944, the Hungarian authorities, under German pressure, began to deport the Jewish community to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where up to 90 percent of the people were murdered on arrival. After they were taken to Buchenwald, his father died before the camp was liberated. Wiesel recalled the shame he felt when he heard his father being beaten and was unable to help. Wiesel was tattooed with inmate number "A 7713" on his left arm. The camp was liberated by the U. S. Third Army on April 11, 1945, when they were just prepared to be evacuated from Buchenwald.
Франция
После окончания Второй мировой войны и освобождения Визеля он присоединился к транспортному рейсу с 1000 детьми – выживших в Бухенвальде – в Экуи, Франция, где Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE) создала реабилитационный центр. Визель присоединился к небольшой группе из 90–100 мальчиков из ортодоксальных семей, которые хотели кошерного питания и более высокого уровня религиозного соблюдения; о них заботились в доме в Амблое под руководством Джудит Хеммендингер. Позже этот дом был перенесен в Таверни и функционировал до 1947 года. После этого Визель отправился в Париж, где выучил французский язык и изучал литературу, философию и психологию в Сорбонне. Он писал для израильских и французских газет, включая Tsien in Kamf (на идише). В 1946 году, узнав о бомбардировке отеля «Кинг Дэвид» в Иерусалиме, осуществленной «Иргуном», Визель предпринял безуспешную попытку присоединиться к подпольному сионистскому движению. В 1948 году он переводил статьи с иврита на идиш для периодических изданий «Иргуна», но так и не стал членом организации. В 1949 году он отправился в Израиль в качестве корреспондента французской газеты L'arche. Затем его наняли парижским корреспондентом израильской газеты Yedioth Ahronoth, а впоследствии он стал ее международным корреспондентом.
After World War II ended and Wiesel was freed, he joined a transport of 1,000 child survivors of Buchenwald to Ecouis, France, where the Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE) had established a rehabilitation center. Wiesel joined a smaller group of 90 to 100 boys from Orthodox homes who wanted kosher facilities and a higher level of religious observance; they were cared for in a home in Ambloy under the directorship of Judith Hemmendinger. This home was later moved to Taverny and operated until 1947. Afterwards, Wiesel traveled to Paris where he learned French and studied literature, philosophy and psychology at the Sorbonne. He wrote for Israeli and French newspapers, including Tsien in Kamf (in Yiddish). In 1946, after learning of the Irgun's bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, Wiesel made an unsuccessful attempt to join the underground Zionist movement. In 1948, he translated articles from Hebrew into Yiddish for Irgun periodicals, but never became a member of the organization. In 1949, he traveled to Israel as a correspondent for the French newspaper L'arche. He then was hired as Paris correspondent for the Israeli newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth, subsequently becoming its roaming international correspondent. quote box|align=right|width=25em|title=Excerpt from Night|bgcolor = LightCyan|quote=Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never.|source= —Elie Wiesel, from Night. Mauriac persuaded him to begin writing about his harrowing experiences. Wiesel rewrote a shortened version of the manuscript in French, La Nuit, in 1955. It was translated into English as Night in 1960. The book sold few copies after its initial publication, but still attracted interest from reviewers, leading to television interviews with Wiesel and meetings with writers such as Saul Bellow. As its profile rose, Night was eventually translated into 30 languages with ten million copies sold in the United States. At one point film director Orson Welles wanted to make it into a feature film, but Wiesel refused, feeling that his memoir would lose its meaning if it were told without the silences in between his words. Oprah Winfrey made it a spotlight selection for her book club in 2006. In the U. S., he eventually wrote over 40 books, most of them non fiction Holocaust literature, and novels. As an author, he was awarded a number of literary prizes and is considered among the most important in describing the Holocaust from a highly personal perspective. In 1975, he co founded the magazine Moment with writer Leonard Fein. The 1979 book and play The Trial of God are said to have been based on his real life Auschwitz experience of witnessing three Jews who, close to death, conduct a trial against God, under the accusation that He has been oppressive towards the Jewish people. Wiesel also played a role in the initial success of The Painted Bird by Jerzy Kosinski by endorsing it before it became known the book was fiction and, in the sense that it was presented as all Kosinski's true experience, a hoax. Wiesel published two volumes of memoirs. The first, All Rivers Run to the Sea, was published in 1994 and covered his life up to the year 1969. The second, titled And the Sea is Never Full and published in 1999, covered the years from 1969 to 1999.
«Никогда не забуду ту ночь, первую ночь в лагере, которая превратила мою жизнь в одну нескончаемую ночь, семь раз проклятую и семь раз запечатанную. Никогда не забуду этот дым. Никогда не забуду маленькие лица детей, чьи тела я видел, обращенными в венки дыма под безмолвным голубым небом. Никогда не забуду то пламя, которое навсегда уничтожило мою веру. Никогда не забуду ту ночную тишину, которая лишила меня, навеки, желания жить. Никогда не забуду те мгновения, которые убили моего Бога и мою душу и обратили мои мечты в прах. Никогда не забуду об этом, даже если буду обречен жить столько, сколько сам Бог. Никогда». – Эли Визель, «Ночь».
After World War II ended and Wiesel was freed, he joined a transport of 1,000 child survivors of Buchenwald to Ecouis, France, where the Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE) had established a rehabilitation center. Wiesel joined a smaller group of 90 to 100 boys from Orthodox homes who wanted kosher facilities and a higher level of religious observance; they were cared for in a home in Ambloy under the directorship of Judith Hemmendinger. This home was later moved to Taverny and operated until 1947. Afterwards, Wiesel traveled to Paris where he learned French and studied literature, philosophy and psychology at the Sorbonne. He wrote for Israeli and French newspapers, including Tsien in Kamf (in Yiddish). In 1946, after learning of the Irgun's bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, Wiesel made an unsuccessful attempt to join the underground Zionist movement. In 1948, he translated articles from Hebrew into Yiddish for Irgun periodicals, but never became a member of the organization. In 1949, he traveled to Israel as a correspondent for the French newspaper L'arche. He then was hired as Paris correspondent for the Israeli newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth, subsequently becoming its roaming international correspondent. quote box|align=right|width=25em|title=Excerpt from Night|bgcolor = LightCyan|quote=Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never.|source= —Elie Wiesel, from Night. Mauriac persuaded him to begin writing about his harrowing experiences. Wiesel rewrote a shortened version of the manuscript in French, La Nuit, in 1955. It was translated into English as Night in 1960. The book sold few copies after its initial publication, but still attracted interest from reviewers, leading to television interviews with Wiesel and meetings with writers such as Saul Bellow. As its profile rose, Night was eventually translated into 30 languages with ten million copies sold in the United States. At one point film director Orson Welles wanted to make it into a feature film, but Wiesel refused, feeling that his memoir would lose its meaning if it were told without the silences in between his words. Oprah Winfrey made it a spotlight selection for her book club in 2006. In the U. S., he eventually wrote over 40 books, most of them non fiction Holocaust literature, and novels. As an author, he was awarded a number of literary prizes and is considered among the most important in describing the Holocaust from a highly personal perspective. In 1975, he co founded the magazine Moment with writer Leonard Fein. The 1979 book and play The Trial of God are said to have been based on his real life Auschwitz experience of witnessing three Jews who, close to death, conduct a trial against God, under the accusation that He has been oppressive towards the Jewish people. Wiesel also played a role in the initial success of The Painted Bird by Jerzy Kosinski by endorsing it before it became known the book was fiction and, in the sense that it was presented as all Kosinski's true experience, a hoax. Wiesel published two volumes of memoirs. The first, All Rivers Run to the Sea, was published in 1994 and covered his life up to the year 1969. The second, titled And the Sea is Never Full and published in 1999, covered the years from 1969 to 1999.
Мориак убедил его начать писать о своих ужасных переживаниях. В 1955 году Визель переработал сокращенную версию рукописи на французском языке, La Nuit. В 1960 году она была переведена на английский язык как Night. После первоначальной публикации книга продавалась небольшим тиражом, но все же привлекла внимание рецензентов, что привело к телевизионным интервью с Визелем и встречам с такими писателями, как Сол Беллоу. По мере роста популярности Night была переведена на 30 языков и продана тиражом десять миллионов экземпляров в Соединенных Штатах. В какой-то момент режиссер Орсон Уэллс хотел экранизировать ее, но Визель отказался, полагая, что его мемуары потеряют смысл, если их рассказывать без пауз между словами. Опра Уинфри включила книгу в список избранных для своего книжного клуба в 2006 году. В США он написал более 40 книг, в основном документальную литературу о Холокосте и романы. Как автор, он был удостоен ряда литературных премий и считается одним из наиболее значимых авторов, описывающих Холокост с глубоко личной точки зрения. В 1975 году он совместно с писателем Леонардом Фейном основал журнал Moment. Книга и пьеса 1979 года «Суд над Богом» основаны на его реальном опыте в Освенциме, когда он стал свидетелем того, как трое евреев, находящихся на грани смерти, проводили суд над Богом, обвиняя Его в угнетении еврейского народа. Визель также сыграл роль в первоначальном успехе «Пестрой птицы» Ежи Косинского, поддержав ее до того, как стало известно, что книга является вымыслом и, в том смысле, что она была представлена как подлинный опыт Косинского, – обманом. Визель опубликовал два тома мемуаров. Первый, «Все реки текут к морю», был издан в 1994 году и охватывал его жизнь до 1969 года. Второй, озаглавленный «И море никогда не насыщается», был издан в 1999 году и охватывал период с 1969 по 1999 год.
After World War II ended and Wiesel was freed, he joined a transport of 1,000 child survivors of Buchenwald to Ecouis, France, where the Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE) had established a rehabilitation center. Wiesel joined a smaller group of 90 to 100 boys from Orthodox homes who wanted kosher facilities and a higher level of religious observance; they were cared for in a home in Ambloy under the directorship of Judith Hemmendinger. This home was later moved to Taverny and operated until 1947. Afterwards, Wiesel traveled to Paris where he learned French and studied literature, philosophy and psychology at the Sorbonne. He wrote for Israeli and French newspapers, including Tsien in Kamf (in Yiddish). In 1946, after learning of the Irgun's bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, Wiesel made an unsuccessful attempt to join the underground Zionist movement. In 1948, he translated articles from Hebrew into Yiddish for Irgun periodicals, but never became a member of the organization. In 1949, he traveled to Israel as a correspondent for the French newspaper L'arche. He then was hired as Paris correspondent for the Israeli newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth, subsequently becoming its roaming international correspondent. quote box|align=right|width=25em|title=Excerpt from Night|bgcolor = LightCyan|quote=Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never.|source= —Elie Wiesel, from Night. Mauriac persuaded him to begin writing about his harrowing experiences. Wiesel rewrote a shortened version of the manuscript in French, La Nuit, in 1955. It was translated into English as Night in 1960. The book sold few copies after its initial publication, but still attracted interest from reviewers, leading to television interviews with Wiesel and meetings with writers such as Saul Bellow. As its profile rose, Night was eventually translated into 30 languages with ten million copies sold in the United States. At one point film director Orson Welles wanted to make it into a feature film, but Wiesel refused, feeling that his memoir would lose its meaning if it were told without the silences in between his words. Oprah Winfrey made it a spotlight selection for her book club in 2006. In the U. S., he eventually wrote over 40 books, most of them non fiction Holocaust literature, and novels. As an author, he was awarded a number of literary prizes and is considered among the most important in describing the Holocaust from a highly personal perspective. In 1975, he co founded the magazine Moment with writer Leonard Fein. The 1979 book and play The Trial of God are said to have been based on his real life Auschwitz experience of witnessing three Jews who, close to death, conduct a trial against God, under the accusation that He has been oppressive towards the Jewish people. Wiesel also played a role in the initial success of The Painted Bird by Jerzy Kosinski by endorsing it before it became known the book was fiction and, in the sense that it was presented as all Kosinski's true experience, a hoax. Wiesel published two volumes of memoirs. The first, All Rivers Run to the Sea, was published in 1994 and covered his life up to the year 1969. The second, titled And the Sea is Never Full and published in 1999, covered the years from 1969 to 1999.
Политический активизм
В 1986 году Визель и его жена Марион основали Фонд Эли Визеля для человечества. Он был председателем Комиссии Президента по вопросам Холокоста (позже переименованной в Совет мемориала Холокоста США) с 1978 по 1986 год и возглавил строительство Мемориального музея Холокоста США в Вашингтоне, округ Колумбия. Зигмунд Строхлиц был его близким другом и доверенным лицом в те годы. Мемориальный музей Холокоста присуждает премию имени Эли Визеля "выдающимся международным деятелям, чьи действия способствовали реализации видения Музея – мира, в котором люди противостоят ненависти, предотвращают геноцид и отстаивают человеческое достоинство". Фонд инвестировал свои средства в инвестиционную пирамиду, организованную управляющим капиталом Бернардом Л. Мэдоффом, что привело к потере 15 миллионов долларов для Фонда, а также значительной части личных сбережений Визеля и его жены. Будучи убежденным противником смертной казни, Визель заявил, что даже Адольф Эйхман не должен был быть казнен.
Wiesel and his wife, Marion, started the Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity in 1986. He served as chairman of the President's Commission on the Holocaust (later renamed the US Holocaust Memorial Council) from 1978 to 1986, spearheading the building of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D. C. Sigmund Strochlitz was his close friend and confidant during these years. The Holocaust Memorial Museum gives the Elie Wiesel Award to "internationally prominent individuals whose actions have advanced the Museum's vision of a world where people confront hatred, prevent genocide, and promote human dignity". The Foundation had invested its endowment in money manager Bernard L. Madoff's investment Ponzi scheme, costing the Foundation $15 million and Wiesel and his wife much of their own personal savings. A staunch foe of the death penalty, Wiesel stated that he thought that even Adolf Eichmann should not have been executed.
Поддержка политики правительства Израиля
В 1982 году по просьбе Министерства иностранных дел Израиля Визель согласился уйти в отставку с поста председателя запланированной международной конференции по Холокосту и геноциду армян. После этого Визель сотрудничал с Министерством иностранных дел в его попытках добиться отмены конференции или исключения из нее обсуждения геноцида армян, и в этих целях он предоставил Министерству внутренних документов о подготовке конференции и убеждал коллег-академиков не посещать ее. При жизни Визель уклонялся от вопросов об израильских поселениях, заявляя о своем отказе комментировать внутренние израильские дискуссии. По словам Хусейна Ибиша, несмотря на эту позицию, Визель публично выразил поддержку идеи расширения еврейских поселений на палестинских территориях, захваченных Израилем в ходе Шестидневной войны; международное сообщество считает такие поселения незаконными.
In 1982, at the request of the Israeli Foreign Ministry, Wiesel agreed to resign from his position as chairman of a planned international conference on the Holocaust and the Armenian genocide. Wiesel then worked with the Foreign Ministry in its attempts to get the conference either canceled or to remove all discussion of the Armenian genocide from it, and to those ends he provided the Foreign Ministry with internal documents on the conference's planning and lobbied fellow academics to not attend the conference. During his lifetime, Wiesel had deflected questions on the topic of the Israeli settlements, claiming to abstain from commenting on Israel's internal debates. According to Hussein Ibish, despite this position, Wiesel had gone on record as supporting the idea of expanding Jewish settlements into the Palestinian territories conquered by Israel during the 6 Day War; such settlements are considered illegal by the international community.
Преподавание
В 1976 году Визель занял должность профессора гуманитарных наук имени Эндрю Меллона в Бостонском университете, преподавая в кафедрах религиоведения и философии. В его честь в университете был создан Центр еврейских исследований имени Эли Визеля. В 1982 году он стал первым приглашенным ученым Генри Люса в области гуманитарных и социальных наук в Йельском университете.
Wiesel held the position of Andrew Mellon Professor of the Humanities at Boston University from 1976, teaching in both its religion and philosophy departments. The university created the Elie Wiesel Center for Jewish Studies in his honor. In 1982 he served as the first Henry Luce Visiting Scholar in Humanities and Social Thought at Yale University.
Личная жизнь
В 1969 году он женился на Марион Эрстер Роуз, уроженке Австрии, которая также переводила многие его книги. У них был один сын, Шломо Элиша Визель, названный в честь отца Эли Визеля. В феврале 2007 года на Эли Визеля напал в отеле в Сан-Франциско 22-летний отрицатель Холокоста Эрик Хант, но он не пострадал. Хант был арестован в следующем месяце и обвинен в совершении нескольких правонарушений. В мае 2011 года Эли Визель выступил с речью на церемонии вручения дипломов в Вашингтонском университете в Сент-Луисе. В феврале 2012 года член Церкви Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней совершил посмертное крещение родителей Саймона Визенталя без должного разрешения. После того, как его собственное имя было предложено для заочного крещения, Эли Визель выступил против несанкционированной практики посмертного крещения евреев и призвал кандидата в президенты и члена Церкви Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней Митта Ромни осудить эту практику. Предвыборный штаб Ромни отказался давать комментарии, перенаправив подобные вопросы представителям церкви.
In 1969 he married Marion Erster Rose, who originally was from Austria and also translated many of his books. They had one son, Shlomo Elisha Wiesel, named after Wiesel's father. Wiesel was attacked in a San Francisco hotel by 22 year old Holocaust denier Eric Hunt in February 2007, but was not injured. Hunt was arrested the following month and charged with multiple offenses. In May 2011, Wiesel served as the Washington University in St. Louis commencement speaker. In February 2012, a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints performed a posthumous baptism for Simon Wiesenthal's parents without proper authorization. After his own name was submitted for proxy baptism, Wiesel spoke out against the unauthorized practice of posthumously baptizing Jews and asked presidential candidate and Latter day Saint Mitt Romney to denounce it. Romney's campaign declined to comment, directing such questions to church officials.
Смерть и последствия
Визель умер утром 2 июля 2016 года в своем доме на Манхэттене в возрасте 87 лет. После частной похоронной службы, проведенной в его честь в синагоге на Пятой авеню, он был похоронен на кладбище Шарон Гарденс в Валхалле, штат Нью-Йорк, 3 июля. Сенатор от штата Юта Оррин Хатч отдал дань уважения Визелю в речи на заседании Сената на следующей неделе, заявив, что "С уходом Эли мы потеряли маяк человечности и надежды. Мы потеряли героя в борьбе за права человека и выдающегося автора, писавшего о Холокосте". В 2018 году на доме, где родился Визель, были обнаружены антисемитские граффити.
Wiesel died on the morning of July 2, 2016, at his home in Manhattan, aged 87. After a private funeral service was conducted in honor of him at the Fifth Avenue Synagogue, he was buried at the Sharon Gardens Cemetery in Valhalla, New York, on July 3. Utah senator Orrin Hatch paid tribute to Wiesel in a speech on the Senate floor the following week, in which he said that "With Elie's passing, we have lost a beacon of humanity and hope. We have lost a hero of human rights and a luminary of Holocaust literature." In 2018, antisemitic graffiti was found on the house where Wiesel was born.