Шахрисабз: Древний город у подножия Гиссара

Right: Shahrisabz Ancient Chorsu, Shahrisabz Wall, Shahrisabz Mosque (all items were from above to bottom)
| pushpin map = Uzbekistan#West Asia#Hindu Kush
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| pushpin label position = left
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| subdivision type = Country
| subdivision name = Uzbekistan
| subdivision type1 = Region
| subdivision name1 = Qashqadaryo Region
| population total = 142700
| population as of = 2022
| population footnotes = The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) has selected Shakhrisabz as its tourism capital for 2024. It is located approximately 80 km south of Samarkand, at an altitude of 622 m. Its population is 140,500 (2021). Historically known as Kesh or Kish, Shahrisabz was once a major city of Central Asia and was an important urban center of Sogdiana, a province of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. It is primarily known today as the birthplace of 14th century Turco Mongol conqueror Timur.

Formerly known as Kesh or Kish ("heart pleasing") and tentatively identified with the ancient Nautaca, Shahrisabz is one of Central Asia’s most ancient cities. It was founded more than 2,700 years ago and formed a part of the Achaemenid Empire or Persia from the 6th to 4th centuries BC. Throughout this period Kesh remained an important urban center of Sogdiana, a major province within the Empire. Documents from the late Achaemenid period speak of the renovation of the city's walls. It has been known as Shahrisabz since the Timurid era. Alexander the Great's general Ptolemy captured the satrap of Bactria and pretender to the Persian throne, Bessus, at Nautaca thus ending the once great Achaemenid Empire. Alexander the Great chose to spend his winters and met his wife Roxanna in the area in 328 327 BC. Between 567 and 658 AD rulers of Kesh paid taxes to khagans of Turkic and Western Turkic khaganates. In 710 the city was conquered by the Arabs

In the 6th to 8th centuries, Kesh was a part of the Turkic and West Turkic Kaganates. In the 8th century the ruler malik of Khuzar (Kesh) was Turk Subugra. Under Ton Yabgu Kagan (618 630) the power of Turks strengthened in Sogdia. New campaigns to Tokharistan and Afghanistan pushed the borders of the state to northwestern India. Ton Yabgu Kagan carried out administrative reform and appointed his representatives tuduns in the regions, including Sogdia, to monitor and control the collection of tribute. It is assumed that he issued his coins with the inscription "Tun yabgu kagan". An ancient Turkic tribe were the Khalaj people, who in the Early Middle Ages lived in Tokharistan the modern territories of southern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and northern Afghanistan. The Turks of Central Asia worshiped the following deities: Tengri (sky), Umai (Mother Goddess), Yer sub (Earth Water) and Erklig (Lord of Hell), among which Tengri held the predominant position. Tengri was the most important.

Kesh was conquered by the Arabs in the 8th century. During the Arab invasion, the Kashkadarya Valley and especially Kesh was the epicenter of an anti Arab and anti Islamic liberation movement led by Al Muqanna, known in history as the "Revolt of the Men in White Clothes". The resistance eventually led to the decline of the capital city. In 701 704, there were battles between Turks and Arabs at Nessef and Kesh. During the Samanid dynasty, urban life gradually moved to the southwest of old Kesh, the site of the large village of Barknon.

In 1038, Ibrahim ibn Nasr, who also was known as Böritigin, son of the conqueror of Transoxiana, captured Chaghaniyan, from where he invaded central Transoxiana. In 1040 he conquered Kesh. By the 10th century, the Karakhanid state had a literary language that continued the traditions of ancient turkic written texts. The official Karakhanid language of the 10th century was based on the grammatical system of ancient Karluk dialects. The Islamization of the Karakhanids and their turkic subjects played a major role in the cultural development of turkic culture. In the late 10th and early 11th centuries, for the first time in the history of the turkic peoples, the Tafsir, a commentary on the Quran, was translated into the turkic language. The 11th century scholar Mahmud Kashgari laid the foundations of turkic linguistics. He lists the names of many turkic tribes of Central Asia. One of the famous scholars was the historian Majid al Din al Surhakati, who wrote "History of Turkestan", which outlined the history of the Karakhanid dynasty. During the reign of the Karakhanids, the new capital of medieval Kesh was finally formed. During the hegemony of the Khwarazmshahs (early 13th century), Kesh Shakhrisabz was first enclosed by defensive walls.

During World War II, in 1942, the 6th Infantry Division of the Polish Anders' Army was stationed and organized in Shahrisabz, before it was evacuated from Uzbekistan to fight against Nazi Germany. There is a Polish military cemetery in the city. The city struggled for autonomy under Bukharan rule and the Russians helped the Bukharan emir conquering the city in 1870.

The city's economy is primarily focused on the processing of agricultural raw materials, including cotton cleaning and canning, among other activities. Additionally, traditional and cottage industries are well developed in the area.

Shahrisabz has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa) with chilly winters and very hot, dry summers.

Shakhrisabz was celebrated in the well known eponymous song by the Uzbek VIA "Yalla," with music by Farrukh Zokirov and lyrics by Yevgeny Berezikov.