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Введение
Гильфорд — город в округе Нью-Хейвен, штат Коннектикут, США, граничащий с Мэдисоном, Бранфордом, Норт-Бранфордом и Дурэмом, и расположенный на межштатной автомагистрали I-95 и побережье Коннектикута. Город входит в состав Южно-Центрального планировочного региона Коннектикута. По данным переписи населения 2020 года, численность населения составляла 22 073 человека.
Guilford is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, that borders Madison, Branford, North Branford and Durham, and is situated on I 95 and the Connecticut coast. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 22,073 at the 2020 census.
История
Гильфорд был назван в честь города Гилфорд в Англии, родины части его первых поселенцев. На ранних картах колонии Коннектикут город встречается на нескольких картах под названием Гилфорд. Первое европейское поселение датируется 1639 годом, после заключения договора с вождем Шаумпишу (Sachem Squaw Shaumpishuh). Гильфорд считается обладателем третьей по величине коллекции исторических домов в Новой Англии, включая важные здания XVII, XVIII и XIX веков. Здесь расположено пять исторических домов-музеев, в том числе ферма Дадли и дом Генри Уитфилда (1639) – старейший жилой дом в Коннектикуте и старейший каменный дом, построенный английскими поселенцами в Северной Америке. Дом Комфорта Старра (1695) – один из старейших сохранившихся частных деревянных домов в Коннектикуте и один из немногих домов, принадлежавших первоначальным поселенцам Гилфорда. В июне 1781 года, во время Американской революции, на острове Лите произошла перестрелка между сторонниками британской короны и местным ополчением под командованием капитана Питера Вейла.
Guilford was named after the town of Guildford, in England, the native home of a share of its first settlers. In early maps of the Connecticut Colony, the town is seen on several maps as Gilford. First settled by Europeans in 1639 after a treaty with the “Sachem Squaw” Shaumpishuh. Guilford is considered by some to have the third largest collection of historic homes in New England, with important buildings from the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. There are five historic house museums, including Dudley Farm and the Henry Whitfield House (1639), the oldest dwelling house in Connecticut and the oldest stone house built by English settlers in North America. The Comfort Starr House (1695) is one of the oldest wooden framed private dwellings in Connecticut, and one of the few houses remaining of the original signers who settled Guilford. In June 1781, during the American Revolution, a skirmish was fought on Leete's Island between the Associated Loyalists and local militia under Captain Peter Vail.
География
По данным Бюро переписи населения США, общая площадь города составляет 49,7 квадратных миль (129 км2), из которых 47,0 квадратных миль (122 км2) приходится на сушу и 2,7 квадратных миль (6,9 км2 или 5,39%) – на воду. Основной населенный пункт в Гилфорде, известный как Гилфорд-центр, расположен в южной части города, в районе пересечения федеральной трассы 1 и трассы Коннектикута 77. Он обслуживается тремя съездами с межштатной автомагистрали 95, которая проходит к северу от центра города. Численность населения поселения Гилфорд-центр, определенного переписью населения, составляла 2597 человек по данным переписи 2010 года. Северо-западная часть Гилфорда окаймлена хребтом Метакомет – горным грядой из трап-рока, простирающимся от пролива Лонг-Айленд до почти границы с Вермонтом. Важными элементами хребта Метакомет в Гилфорде являются гора Тотокет; ее наиболее заметная вершина, Блафф-Хед; и две восточные вершины хребта горы Тотокет, известные как Восточный Сахарный Хлеб и Западный Сахарный Хлеб. 80-километровая тропа Маттабесет проходит через Блафф-Хед; более короткая сеть троп пересекает Сахарные головы. В Гилфорде также находится система троп Вествудс, охватывающая 63 км троп на территории площадью 39 миль (63 км).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 49.7 square miles (129 km2), of which 47.0 square miles (122 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (6.9 km2 or 5.39%) is water. The primary settlement in Guilford, known as Guilford Center, is located in the southern part of town around the intersection of U. S. Route 1 and Connecticut Route 77. It is served by three exits of Interstate 95, which passes just north of the town center. The Guilford Center census designated place had a population of 2,597 at the 2010 census. The northwest side of Guilford is flanked by the Metacomet Ridge, a mountainous trap rock ridgeline that stretches from Long Island Sound to nearly the Vermont border. Important features of the Metacomet ridge in Guilford include Totoket Mountain; its most notable peak, Bluff Head; and two eastern high points on the Totoket Mountain ridge named East Sugarloaf and West Sugarloaf. The 50 mile (80 km) Mattabesett Trail traverses Bluff Head; a shorter network of trails criss cross the Sugarloaves. Guilford also contains the Westwoods Trail System which covers 39 mile (63 km) of trails on of land.
Транспортировка
Поезд Shore Line East останавливается на станции Гилфорд, осуществляя сообщение с городами Бранфорд, Ист-Хейвен, Нью-Хейвен и Нью-Лондон, а автобус Connecticut Transit S курсирует между Гилфордом и Нью-Хейвеном несколько раз в день.
The Shore Line East train stops at Guilford station with service to Branford, East Haven, New Haven and New London, and the Connecticut Transit S bus travels between Guilford and New Haven several times each day.
Демография
По данным переписи населения 2000 года, в городе проживало 21 398 человек, 8 151 домохозяйство и 6 039 семей. Плотность населения составляла человек на квадратную милю, а средняя плотность жилых единиц – единиц на квадратную милю. Расовый состав города был следующим: 96,04% – белые, 0,93% – афроамериканцы, 0,05% – коренные американцы, 1,65% – азиаты, 0,41% – представители других рас и 0,93% – представители двух или более рас. Доля испаноговорящих и латиноамериканцев любого происхождения составляла 2,13% населения. Из 8 151 домохозяйства 35,6% имели детей в возрасте до 18 лет, 64,4% представляли собой супружеские пары, проживающие вместе, в 7,2% домохозяйств главой семьи была женщина, не имеющая мужа, а 25,9% не являлись семьями. 21,6% всех домохозяйств состояли из отдельных лиц, при этом 8,6% из них были лицами в возрасте 65 лет и старше, проживающими в одиночестве. Средний размер домохозяйства составлял 2,59 человека, а средний размер семьи – 3,04 человека. В городе наблюдалось следующее распределение населения по возрасту: 25,4% – лица младше 18 лет, 4,4% – лица в возрасте от 18 до 24 лет, 26,2% – лица в возрасте от 25 до 44 лет, 31,2% – лица в возрасте от 45 до 64 лет и 12,8% – лица в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Средний возраст составлял 42 года. На 100 женщин приходилось 92,8 мужчин. На 100 женщин в возрасте 18 лет и старше приходилось 89,5 мужчин. Средний доход домохозяйства в городе составлял 76 843 доллара, а средний доход семьи – 87 045 долларов (по оценке на 2007 год эти показатели выросли до 90 026 и 104 852 долларов соответственно). Средний доход мужчин составлял 60 623 доллара по сравнению с 40 307 долларами у женщин. Доход на душу населения в городе составлял 37 161 доллар. Около 2,3% семей и 3,1% населения проживали за чертой бедности, в том числе 3,4% лиц в возрасте до 18 лет и 3,8% лиц в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Данные о регистрации избирателей и партийной принадлежности на 30 октября 2014 года:
As of the census of 2000, there were 21,398 people, 8,151 households, and 6,039 families residing in the town. The population density was There were 8,724 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the town was 96.04% White, 0.93% African American, 0.05% Native American, 1.65% Asian, 0.41% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.13% of the population. There were 8,151 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.4% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non families. Of all households 21.6% were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.04. In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males. The median income for a household in the town was $76,843, and the median income for a family was $87,045 (these figures had risen to $90,026 and $104,852 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $60,623 versus $40,307 for females. The per capita income for the town was $37,161. About 2.3% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over. Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 30, 2014 Party Active voters Inactive voters Total voters Percentage Democratic 4,743 551 5,294 33.05% Republican 3,183 333 3,516 21.95% Unaffiliated 5,995 1113 7,108 44.38% Minor parties 94 5 99 0.62% Total 14,015 2,002 16,017 100%
In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 61.02% of the town vote, against 38.06% for Republican John McCain. In 2016, Democrat Hillary Clinton carried the town with 59.2% over Republican Donald Trump with 37.1%.
As of the census of 2000, there were 21,398 people, 8,151 households, and 6,039 families residing in the town. The population density was There were 8,724 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the town was 96.04% White, 0.93% African American, 0.05% Native American, 1.65% Asian, 0.41% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.13% of the population. There were 8,151 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.4% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non families. Of all households 21.6% were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.04. In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males. The median income for a household in the town was $76,843, and the median income for a family was $87,045 (these figures had risen to $90,026 and $104,852 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $60,623 versus $40,307 for females. The per capita income for the town was $37,161. About 2.3% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over. Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 30, 2014 Party Active voters Inactive voters Total voters Percentage Democratic 4,743 551 5,294 33.05% Republican 3,183 333 3,516 21.95% Unaffiliated 5,995 1113 7,108 44.38% Minor parties 94 5 99 0.62% Total 14,015 2,002 16,017 100%
In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 61.02% of the town vote, against 38.06% for Republican John McCain. In 2016, Democrat Hillary Clinton carried the town with 59.2% over Republican Donald Trump with 37.1%.
На президентских выборах 2008 года демократ Барак Обама получил 61,02% голосов избирателей в городе, в то время как республиканец Джон Маккейн – 38,06%. В 2016 году демократ Хиллари Клинтон одержала победу в городе, набрав 59,2% голосов, против 37,1% у республиканца Дональда Трампа.
As of the census of 2000, there were 21,398 people, 8,151 households, and 6,039 families residing in the town. The population density was There were 8,724 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the town was 96.04% White, 0.93% African American, 0.05% Native American, 1.65% Asian, 0.41% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.13% of the population. There were 8,151 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.4% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non families. Of all households 21.6% were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.04. In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males. The median income for a household in the town was $76,843, and the median income for a family was $87,045 (these figures had risen to $90,026 and $104,852 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $60,623 versus $40,307 for females. The per capita income for the town was $37,161. About 2.3% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over. Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 30, 2014 Party Active voters Inactive voters Total voters Percentage Democratic 4,743 551 5,294 33.05% Republican 3,183 333 3,516 21.95% Unaffiliated 5,995 1113 7,108 44.38% Minor parties 94 5 99 0.62% Total 14,015 2,002 16,017 100%
In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 61.02% of the town vote, against 38.06% for Republican John McCain. In 2016, Democrat Hillary Clinton carried the town with 59.2% over Republican Donald Trump with 37.1%.
Экономика
Штаб-квартира American Cruise Lines находится в Гилфорде. В городе множество малых предприятий, включая магазины на Гилфорд-Грин.
American Cruise Lines has its headquarters in Guilford. There are many small businesses throughout the town, including the shops on the Guilford Green.