Нэнси Чодороу: Социолог, феминистка и психоаналитик.

American sociologist

Nancy Julia Chodorow (born January 20, 1944) is an American sociologist and professor. She began her career as a professor of Women's studies at Wellesley College in 1973, and from 1974 on taught at the University of California, Santa Cruz, until 1986. including The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender (1978); Feminism and Psychoanalytic Theory (1989); Femininities, Masculinities, Sexualities: Freud and Beyond (1994); and The Power of Feelings: Personal Meaning in Psychoanalysis, Gender, and Culture (1999). In 1996, The Reproduction of Mothering was chosen by Contemporary Sociology as one of the top ten most influential books of the past 25 years. to a Jewish family. Her parents were Marvin Chodorow and Leah (Turitz) Chodorow. Her father was a professor of applied physics. Her mother was a community activist who helped establish the Stanford Village Nursery School and served as its first parents board president. In 1977, Chodorow married Michael Reich, a professor of economics with whom she had two children, Rachel and Gabriel. Chodorow then separated from Reich in 1996 (Haber, 2002).

Chodorow graduated from Radcliffe College in 1966, where she studied under Beatrice and W. M. Whiting. Beatrice was an American anthropologist specializing in the comparative study of child development; one whom Chodorow was heavily influenced by. Chodorow's work focused on personality and cultural anthropology now classified as pre feminist work. Under the instruction of Philip Slater, Chodorow was influenced to focus her studies on the unconscious phenomena of psychoanalysis.

Dr. Nancy Chodorow explores her evolution from a sociologist and feminist scholar to a highly renowned psychoanalyst with her release of: “The Psychoanalytic Ear and the Sociological Eye: Toward an American Independent Tradition." In her book, Dr. Chodorow's primary focus is on the relationship between social relationships and individuality. Sociology and psychoanalysis, she says, have both been impoverished by not exploring the links and tensions between them. She finds parallels within psychoanalysis itself, where some analysts stress relationships as primary, while others emphasise the individual psyche. Chodorow's twin peaks in this landscape are Erik Erikson and Hans Loewald. Setting these in dialogue with each other, Chodorow reflects her own cultural and psychoanalytic journeys. Her discussion of Erikson's and Loewald's ideas, and of what others have done with them, amounts to a history of American psychoanalysis. It also extends well beyond America, to include the British Independent Group and other aspects of European psychoanalysis. Chodorow's call for a fresh relationship between psychoanalysis and sociology, anthropology and psychology, and between clinical practice and the university, opens new horizons in many directions.

Dr. Nancy Chodorow is currently ranked as number 2,017 in "Most Influential Person". She was also ranked by each category of her work, including her work in Sociology and Psychology. Chodorow is currently ranked in sociology as number 77 in the world, number 125 historically, and number 42 in the USA. As for her work in Feminist sociology , she ranks number 3 in both the world and historically, then number 2 feminist in sociology in the USA. Next there are her rankings in Psychology which in the world, Chodorow ranks at number 102. Historically, she ranks at number 189, and number 71 in the USA. Lastly, Psychoanalysis; she holds the number 5 spot in the world, number 21 in historical rank, and number 1 in USA rank.

Nancy Chodorow is a prominent American sociologist and psychoanalyst known for her pioneering work in gender studies, feminism, and psychoanalysis. Her insights have significantly impacted the understanding of how gender roles are formed and perpetuated within society. Chodorow drew heavily from object relations theory, a branch of psychoanalysis that focuses on the early relationships between infants and their primary caregivers, typically the mother. She argued that these early mother child relationships have a profound and lasting influence on an individual's personality development and capacity for forming intimate relationships later in life. Chodorow's work emphasized that biological factors do not solely determine gender identity and roles but are heavily shaped by socialization processes within the family. She also argued that the traditional division of labor between men and women, where women are primarily responsible for childcare and nurturing, is crucial in perpetuating gender roles. Chodorow's research challenged the traditional psychoanalytic notion that fathers play the most significant role in a child's development. She argued that mothers, due to their typically primary role in caregiving during a child's early years, have a unique and enduring influence on the child's sense of self and capacity for relationships. Chodorow's work explored how the family structure and gender roles are reproduced across generations. She suggested that the mother's socialization of her children perpetuates traditional gender roles, making it difficult for society to move beyond these traditional divisions. Her work provided a theoretical framework for understanding how patriarchy and traditional gender roles are entrenched in society, and it contributed to discussions about the need for gender equality and changes in family dynamics.