Метилметакрилат: свойства, применение и безопасность

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| verifiedrevid = 462250505
| Name = Methyl methacrylate
| ImageFile = methyl methacrylate skeletal. png
| ImageSize = 175px
| ImageName = Methyl methacrylate
| ImageFile1 = Methyl methacrylate 3D balls. png
| ImageSize1 = 175px
| PIN = Methyl 2 methylprop 2 enoate
| SystematicName =
| OtherNames = Methyl 2 methylpropenoatemethyl methacrylateMMA2 (methoxycarbonyl) 1 propene
| IUPACName =
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| Section7 = Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = Methyl methacrylate MSDS
| MainHazards = Flammable
| FlashPtC = 2
| AutoignitionPtC = 435
| IDLH = 1000 ppm
| LC50 = 18750 ppm (rat, 4 hr)4447 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)3750 ppm (rat)4808 ppm (mammal)
| PEL = TWA 100 ppm (410 mg/m3) who noticed and described its tendency to change into a clear, hard, transparent substance especially in sunlight. Studies on acrylic esters slowly developed until the Staudinger's theory of macromolecules and his research into the nature of polyacrylates allowed to control the polymerization. Company Rohm and Haas founded by German chemist Otto Röhm, who investigated the topic for three decades, was finally able to start its industrial production in 1931.

Given the scale of production, many methods have been developed starting from diverse two to four carbon precursors. Two principal routes appear to be commonly practiced.

Ethylene is first hydroformylated to give propanal, which is then condensed with formaldehyde to produce methacrolein, The condensation is catalyzed by a secondary amine. Air oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid completes the synthesis of the acid: Also used in fracture repair in small exotic animal species using internal fixation. MMA is a raw material for the manufacture of other methacrylates. These derivatives include ethyl methacrylate (EMA), butyl methacrylate (BMA) and 2 ethyl hexyl methacrylate (2 EHMA). Methacrylic acid (MAA) is used as a chemical intermediate as well as in the manufacture of coating polymers, construction chemicals and textile applications. Wood can be impregnated with MMA and polymerized in situ to produce a stabilized product.

In terms of the acute toxicity of methyl methacrylate, the LD50 is 7–10 g/kg (oral, rat). It is an irritant to the eyes and can cause redness and pain. Irritation of the skin, eye, and nasal cavity has been observed in rodents and rabbits exposed to relatively high concentrations of methyl methacrylate. Methyl methacrylate is a mild skin irritant in humans and has the potential to induce skin sensitization in susceptible individuals.