Выборы в Испании, 1986: Победа PSOE и перегруппировка сил.

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The 1986 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 22 June 1986, to elect the 3rd Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 254 seats in the Senate. The election was held after the referendum on Spanish membership in NATO in March 1986 had resulted in a surprising win for the 'In' camp headed by Prime Minister Felipe González. Reinforced from the referendum result, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) sought to take advantage of the favorable political situation. The election resulted in the PSOE winning a second consecutive—albeit diminished—majority with 184 out of 350 seats. Its immediate competitor, Manuel Fraga's People's Coalition, an electoral alliance formed by People's Alliance (AP), the People's Democratic Party (PDP) and the Liberal Party (PL), remained stagnant with a similar result to the one obtained in 1982 by the AP–PDP coalition. The disappointing election result caused the Coalition to break apart shortly afterwards. Former PM Adolfo Suárez's Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) came out in third place with nearly 1.9 million votes, 9.2% of the share and 19 seats. The Communist Party of Spain (PCE) contested the election within the newborn left wing United Left (IU) coalition, slightly improving on the PCE's result in 1982 with 4.6% and 7 seats and holding its own against the Communists' Unity Board (MUC), Santiago Carrillo's split party founded after him being expelled from the PCE, which won no seats. Two future prime ministers (José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero and Mariano Rajoy) were first elected as deputies at this election.

The People's Alliance, the People's Democratic Party and the Liberal Party contested the election in a common ticket under the People's Coalition label. Some regionalist parties in different autonomous communities, such as the Navarrese People's Union in Navarre, also joined the coalition, who was to be led into the election by AP leader Manuel Fraga. Its campaign centered into criticising the González' government record in office, accusing the PSOE of breaking many of its 1982 election pledges and asking voters to support an alternative to the Socialists, with Fraga opening the possibility to invite other parties, specially the CDS and the PRD, into a coalition government aimed at ousting the PSOE from power. The Coalition released an election programme which was described as a mixture of economic neoliberalism and social conservatism. Among the Coalition's election pledges were the privatization of public companies (the most notable example being TVE 2) and of the healthcare assistance system in order to reduce tax burden and public spending; the implementation of a national plan against drugs; the illegalization of HB and tougher penalties for terrorists (going as far as to promise an end to ETA terrorism within 6 months); a repeal of the newly approved abortion law and a revision of the divorce law. The Coalition was criticised for its perceived right wing stance, with serious difficulties to define an alternative policy to the PSOE, a weak opposition stance to González' government (virtually trailing the Socialists on every issue) and a lack of initiative. The Coalition's call for abstention in the March referendum (despite the party's official stance favouring Spain permanence within NATO) had been a fatal blow to its expectations in the upcoming general election, being seen, on the one hand, as a gesture of political opportunism in an attempt to weaken Felipe González' position and, on the other hand, as showing a lack of political guidance. Instead, the 'Yes' landslide victory had reinforced the PSOE in the eyes of public opinion, but the Coalition's position on the referendum was met with skepticism and disapproval from other centre right parties, both nationally and internationally.

The roots for the United Left (IU) coalition originated during the protests to demand the exit of Spain from NATO in 1986, with the "Platform of the United Left". While the 1986 referendum had resulted in the country's permanence within NATO, sectors to the left of the PSOE sought to form a unitary candidacy for the 1986 general election aimed at representing the nearly 7 million voters that had shown their position against such a permanence. Aside from the PCE, which was to become IU's main member party, also joining the coalition were the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC), the Socialist Action Party (PASOC), the Republican Left (IR), the Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain or the Collective for the Unity of Workers Andalusian Left Bloc (CUT BAI), among others. Aside from its anti NATO stance, the IU coalition also opposed the Socialist government's recent industrial conversion, which had been carried out almost unilaterally and with little to no talks with trade unions, thanks to the PSOE absolute majority in Congress. IU campaigned on a left wing platform, accusing the PSOE of abandoning its socialist roots and of applying liberal policies. On the international stage, IU promised to bring Spain out of NATO, the dismantling of US bases and the withdrawal of US troops from Spanish soil, as well as to counter "the harmful consequences of integration within the EEC, a conception of Europe against the interests of multinationals and imperialism and to support initiatives for the elimination of nuclear weapons and against the militarization of space." On the domestic stage, IU's pledges included nationalizations in the banking and energy sectors. It also provided for large investments in the public sector, an agrarian reform and a federal model of state which provided for "the full development of the rights of nationalities and regions".

+ ← Summary of the 22 June 1986 Senate of Spain election results → Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 24,719,863 44.52 –3.08 124 –10 People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1 14,485,103 26.09 +0.41 63 +9 Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 4,537,464 8.17 +5.19 3 +3 Reformists (PRD–CiU–CG) 3,687,520 6.64 n/a 8 +3 Convergence and Union (CiU)3 2,934,479 5.28 n/a 8 +3 Democratic Reformist Party (PRD) 514,504 0.93 New 0 ±0 Galician Coalition (CG) 238,537 0.43 New 0 ±0 United Left (IU) 2,583,230 4.65 –0.01 0 ±0 Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 934,198 1.68 –0.32 7 ±0 Popular Unity (HB) 677,204 1.22 +0.16 1 +1 Communists' Unity Board (MUC) 651,544 1.17 New 0 ±0 Basque Country Left (EE) 311,471 0.56 +0.06 0 ±0 Andalusian Party (PA) 297,220 0.54 +0.04 0 ±0 Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)3 255,718 0.46 n/a 0 –2 Regionalist Aragonese Party (PAR) 254,729 0.46 New 0 ±0 Valencian Union (UV) 226,909 0.41 New 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 175,971 0.32 +0.30 0 ±0 Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 148,090 0.27 –0.05 0 ±0 Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE) 147,962 0.27 +0.11 0 ±0 Valencian People's Union (UPV) 136,150 0.25 +0.24 0 ±0 Galician Socialist Party–Galician Left (PSG–EG)4 133,516 0.24 +0.12 0 ±0 Canarian Independent Groups (AIC) 130,173 0.23 New 1 +1 The Greens (LV) 108,418 0.20 New 0 ±0 Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) 84,113 0.15 –0.05 0 ±0 Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 80,907 0.15 –0.32 0 ±0 Green Alternative List (LAV) 71,481 0.13 New 0 ±0 United Extremadura (EU) 58,349 0.11 –0.08 0 ±0 Canarian Assembly–Canarian Nationalist Left (AC–INC) 49,129 0.09 +0.04 0 ±0 Socialist Party of the Andalusian People (PSPA) 43,137 0.08 New 0 ±0 Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 31,916 0.06 +0.04 0 ±0 Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 24,131 0.04 New 0 ±0 Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) 20,890 0.04 New 0 ±0 National Unity Coalition (CUN) 20,787 0.04 New 0 ±0 Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalist Left (PSM–EN) 14,669 0.03 –0.01 0 ±0 Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) 13,452 0.02 –0.01 0 ±0 Natural Culture (CN) 13,036 0.02 –0.13 0 ±0 Leonese Convergence (CL) 10,475 0.02 New 0 ±0 Lanzarote Electoral Group (AEL) 9,471 0.02 New 0 ±0 Melillan People's Union (UPM) 9,097 0.02 New 0 ±0 Republican Popular Unity (UPR)5 6,247 0.01 –0.02 0 ±0 Majorera Assembly (AM) 5,604 0.01 ±0.00 1 ±0 Group of Independent Electors (ADEI) 5,204 0.01 New 0 ±0 Proverist Party (PPr) 5,073 0.01 +0.01 0 ±0 Moderate Party–Centrists of Navarre (PMCN) 4,895 0.01 New 0 ±0 Social Democratic Party of Catalonia (PSDC) 4,286 0.01 New 0 ±0 Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV–URV) 3,951 0.01 –0.06 0 ±0 Ecologist Movement of Spain (MEE) 3,824 0.01 New 0 ±0 Agreement of the Left of Menorca (PSM–EU) 3,687 0.01 New 0 ±0 Popular Castilian Action (ACP) 3,548 0.01 New 0 ±0 Murcian Regionalist Party (PRM) 3,169 0.01 New 0 ±0 Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL) 2,932 0.01 New 0 ±0 Christian Spanish Party (PAEC) 2,072 0.00 New 0 ±0 Pensionist Party (PENS) 1,615 0.00 New 0 ±0 Candidacy for Autonomy (CA) 1,406 0.00 New 0 ±0 Electoral Group–Independent Group of Ceuta (AE–AIC) 1,017 0.00 New 0 ±0 Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) n/a n/a –6.84 0 –4 Group of Independent Electors (ADEI) n/a n/a –0.03 0 –1 Blank ballots 311,305 1.57 –0.21 Total 55,527,328 208 ±0 Valid votes 19,795,126 96.68 Invalid votes 678,993 3.32 Votes cast / turnout 20,474,119 70.32 Abstentions 8,643,494 29.68 Registered voters 29,117,613 Sources