Введение
Муниципалитет в Сорсогоне, Филиппины
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Булусан, официально Муниципалитет Булусан (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; ), является муниципалитетом 4-го класса в провинции Сорсогон, Филиппины. По данным переписи 2020 года, население составляет 23 932 человека.
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**История**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**Доиспанский период**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Задолго до прибытия испанцев, коренные жители Булусана жили в организованных, хотя и разрозненных поселениях. Некоторые жили в бывшем Инарадо (ныне Ликод или Сан-Рафаэль), другие в Илихане, некоторые в Пинайагане, а также в Капангихане — местечке недалеко от рек Пагасаан и Байюгин. Эти поселения находились вдали от побережья и в гористой местности. Причиной тому могло быть присутствие пиратов-моро, которые нападали на город, особенно на прибрежные районы, грабили местных жителей, отбирая золото и другое имущество, и сжигали дома. Из-за этих бедствий, связанных с моро, было разумно перенести поселения на более возвышенную местность. Недавние раскопки обнаружили артефакты, такие как блюда, кувшины, тарелки и вазы из китайского фарфора и глиняные погребальные кувшины в бывшем Инарадо. Эти находки подтверждают утверждения о том, что китайцы и жители этой части страны уже вели торговлю еще до прихода христианства и колонизации.
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**Испанский период**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**Основание города**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Булусан, как и остальная часть Сорсогона, входил в состав провинции Альбай до 17 октября 1894 года. В Инарадо в 1630 году был основан четвертый приход (parroquia) нынешней провинции Сорсогон. После того как Булусан был частью Касигурана (основан в 1600 году), он стал независимым приходом после Бэкона (основан в 1617 году) и прихода Сорсогон (основан в 1628 году). В 1631 году он стал отдельным гражданским поселением (pueblo). Новый приход был поставлен под покровительство Святого Иакова, Старшего — святого покровителя Испании. Отец Мигель де Санта-Ана стал первым приходским священником, осуществляя единоличную власть в церковных и гражданских делах. Жители также избрали первого руководителя поселения — губернатора (gobernadorcillo). В 1760 году город был перенесен из Инарадо на его нынешнее место в устье реки Булусан. Это было вызвано необходимостью торговли с соседними поселениями. Переселение было осуществлено благодаря усилиям отца Хоакина де лос Сантос, приходского священника. Под руководством священника жители избрали Бернардино Пасьон первым главой города. Местные жители начали строить церковь на месте, где сейчас стоит новая. Это первоначальное развитие стало ядром нынешнего poblacion (городского центра).
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**Разделение**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Булусанский приход охватывал все земли, включая окрестности Губата, Матного, Булана, Барселоны и Санта-Магдалены. В конечном итоге из материнского прихода образовались новые приходы, которые стали отдельными городами, или эти общины выросли в отдельные города и, в свою очередь, основали свои собственные приходы. См. таблицу ниже:
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
| Бывшие общины Булусана | Год основания прихода | Год основания как отдельный город |
|---|---|---|
| Губат | 1771 | 1764 |
| Матног | 1785 | 1800 |
| Булан ("Ворота"; под управлением Булусана 1645–1690) | 1801 | 1801 |
| Барселона (из Булусана и Губата) | 1867 | 1866 |
| Иросин | 1873 | 1880 |
| Санта-Магдалена (из Булусана, затем под управлением Матного) | 1890 | 1894 |
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**Каменные сторожевые башни**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Считается, что сторожевые башни Булусана были построены около 1760 года, когда население города было перенесено на его нынешнее место. В 1799 году, в качестве меры защиты и предупреждения против пиратов-моро, лидеры (principalias) прибрежных городов Альбай собрались в своих мэриях и разработали планы по строительству вооруженных кораблей (lanchas cañoneras). 20 апреля 1799 года лидеры Булусана решили построить два lanchas cañoneras, которыми должны были командовать действующий губернаторцилло Дон Хуан Максимиано и бывший губернаторцилло Дон Хуан Томас. В городе Булусан было построено больше всего каменных сторожевых башен (baluartes de piedra). Город воздвиг сторожевые башни, по одной в Макабаре, Тавуге и Лайоге (ныне часть Барселоны). Рядом с общиной Дапдап была возведена большая треугольная крепость (muralla) под названием Пунта Диаманте, которая окружает церковь и приходской дом прихода Святого Иакова Великого. Пунта Диаманте имеет пять сторожевых башен с высокими толстыми стенами, что делает ее идеальным местом для укрытия во время нападений моро. В отличие от других сторожевых башен, которые имеют цилиндрическую форму и круглую основу, эта, обращенная к морю, имеет треугольный план, являясь уменьшенной копией основного комплекса. Самая большая сторожевая башня имеет восьмиугольное основание (с восемью сторонами) и сужается вверх ступенчато. Эта сторожевая башня теперь служит церковной колокольней, со старыми колоколами, сохранившимися в хорошем состоянии.
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
С 1900 по 1940 год Булусан пережил значительные изменения в образовании, правительстве, связи, сельском хозяйстве и здравоохранении. С самого начала американского режима началось бесплатное государственное образование. Публичные школы были открыты почти во всех баррио. В 1927 году были построены муниципальное здание (в котором сейчас размещаются почтовое отделение, зал суда и муниципальная тюрьма) и общественный рынок (который в настоящее время подвергается крупной реконструкции — на этот раз вертикальной застройке). В 1930 году была открыта провинциальная дорога, соединяющая Булусан с соседними городами Барселона и Иросин. Начали действовать телеграф и почтовые службы. Квалифицированные избиратели получили право голоса. Была учреждена система муниципального управления. Процветала торговля и коммерция. Началось развитие сельскохозяйственных методов. В области здравоохранения были взяты под контроль холера и оспа. В 1939 году была построена первая муниципальная система водоснабжения. В этот период два жителя Булусана заняли видные должности. Хуан С. Рейес был избран губернатором Сорсогона (1929–1931). Его младший брат, доктор Хосе С. Рейес, получивший докторскую степень в Колумбийском университете, был избран делегатом на Конституционную конвенцию 1935 года. Его называли политическим гением, и он внес огромный вклад в разработку Конституции 1935 года. Он также стал членом Миссии за независимость Филиппин и был секретарем образования в администрациях Кирино и Осмена. В 1945 году он стал исполнительным секретарем президента Серхио Осмены.
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**Вторая мировая война**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Этот период относительного мира и процветания в Булусане был нарушен началом Второй мировой войны на Филиппинах 8 декабря 1941 года. Как и на всем архипелаге, Булусан был оккупирован Японской императорской армией. Это вновь пробудило национализм среди жителей Булусана и возродило организованное партизанское сопротивление. Японцы позже сумели установить подобие местного самоуправления для управления городом, но лояльность тех, кто был назначен на эти должности, оставалась на стороне группы сопротивления.
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**География**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Он граничит с городами Барселона на севере и, двигаясь против часовой стрелки, с городами Касигуран, Хубан, Иросин и Санта-Магдалена. Острова Сан-Бернардино, расположенные примерно в отстоянии от побережья, находятся под юрисдикцией Булусана. Булусан находится в от Сорсогон-Сити и в от Манилы.
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**Барангаи**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Булусан политически разделен на 24 барангая. Каждый барангай состоит из пуроков, а некоторые имеют ситио. 8 барангаев расположены в районе Poblacion.
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
* Багакай
* Центральный (Poblacion)
* Когон
* Данкалан
* Дапдап (Poblacion)
* Лалуд
* Лообан (Poblacion)
* Мабухай (Poblacion)
* Мадлавон (Poblacion)
* Поктол (Poblacion)
* Порог
* Сабанг (Poblacion)
* Сальвасьон
* Сан-Антонио
* Сан-Бернардо
* Сан-Франсиско (Капангихан)
* Сан-Исидро
* Сан-Хосе
* Сан-Рафаэль (Ликод)
* Сан-Роке
* Сан-Висенте (Буханг)
* Санта-Барбара
* Сапнган (Poblacion)
* Тинампа
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**Климат**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**Демография**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**Язык**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Жители Булусана говорят на языке Бисакол. Чистый Бикол используется в некоторых особых случаях и в богослужениях Римско-католической церкви. Тагальский язык считается третьим языком, наряду с английским.
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
**Религия**
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Римско-католическая церковь исповедуют 90% населения. Есть члены Iglesia ni Cristo, Свидетели Иеговы, Церковь Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней, новообращенные христиане...
Municipality in Sorsogon, Philippines
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Bulusan, officially the Municipality of Bulusan (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Bulusan; , ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,932 people. History
Pre Spanish period
Long before the Spaniards arrived, the natives of Bulusan were living in organized though scattered settlements. Some lived in what used to be Inarado (now Licod or San Rafael), others in Ilihan, some in Pinayagan, and still a number lived in Capangihan — a place near the Paghasaan and Bayugin Rivers. These settlements are distant from the seacoast and upland. The reason could be the presence of Moro pirates who used to attack the town, especially the coastal areas, robbing the natives of their gold and whatever else came to be lying around, and burning the houses afterwards. Due to these Moro related disasters, it was a wise move to locate the settlements on higher ground. Recent excavations yielded artifacts such as platters, jugs, plates, and vases made from china and earthen burial jars in what used to be Inarado. These finds further strengthened some claims that the Chinese and the people in this part of the country were already engaged in trade even before the 'Cross & Sword' reached them. Spanish period
The town's foundation
Bulusan, like the rest of Sorsogon, was part of the province of Albay till October 17, 1894. In Inarado, the fourth parroquia (parish) of the present Province of Sorsogon, was established in 1630. After being merely a part of Casiguran (established in 1600), Bulusan became an independent parish following Bacon (established in 1617) and the parish of Sorsogon (established in 1628). It became a separate pueblo civil (town) in 1631. The new parish was then placed under the tutelary of St. James, the Greater — the patron saint of Spain. Fr. Miguel de Santa Ana became its first parish priest, exercising one man authority over ecclesiastical and civil functions. The people also selected the first executive of the place, a gobernadorcillo. In 1760, the town was transferred from Inarado to its present site at the mouth of Bulusan River. This was triggered by the need to trade with neighboring settlements. The relocation was done through the efforts of Fr. Joaquin de los Santos, the parish priest. Under the friar's guidance, the people chose Bernardino Pasion as first head of the town. The natives started building a church in the place where a new one now stands. This initial development formed the nucleus of the present poblacion (town center). Division
The Bulusan parish then encompassed all lands that includes the vicinities of Gubat, Matnog, Bulan, Barcelona and Santa Magdalena. Eventually, either new parishes were born out of the mother parish and became a town of its own or these communities grew into separate towns of their own and, in turn, established their own parishes. See table below:
+ Former Communities of Bulusan Name Year the Parish Was Established Year Founded as a Separate Town Gubat 1771 1764 Matnog 1785 1800 Bulan ("Gate" townsite; under Bulusan 1645–1690) 1801 1801 Barcelona (from Bulusan and Gubat) 1867 1866 Irosin 1873 1880 Santa Magdalena (from Bulusan, then under Matnog) 1890 1894
Stone watchtowers
Bulusan's watchtowers are believed to have been built around 1760, the year that the town's poblacion was transferred to its present site. In 1799, as a defense and warning measure against the Moro pirates, the principalias (leaders) of the coastal towns of Albay convened in their respective town halls and drew up plans for the building of lanchas cañoneras (armed ships). On April 20, 1799, Bulusan's leaders decided to build two lanchas cañoneras to be commanded by actual gobernadorcillo Don Juan Macsimiano and ex gobernadorcillo Don Juan Tomas. The town of Bulusan built the most baluartes de piedra (stone watchtowers). The town erected watchtowers, one each in Macabare, Tawog and Layog (now a part of Barcelona). Near the community of Dapdap, a bigger triangular muralla [fortification] called Punta Diamante which encloses the church and rectory of the parish of St. James the Greater was erected. Punta Diamante has five watchtowers with high, thick walls, making it an ideal place for refuge during Moro attacks. Unlike the other watchtowers which are cylindrical and have circular bases, the one facing the sea is of a triangular plan, a smaller version of the main complex. The biggest watchtower has an octagon shaped base (with eight sides) and tapers upward in alternating tiers. This watchtower now serves as the church's bell tower, with the old bells comparably intact. From 1900 to 1940, Bulusan experienced major developments in education, government, communication, agriculture, and public health. From the very start of the American regime, free public instruction commenced. Public schools in almost all barrios were opened. In 1927, the municipal building (now housing the post office, court room, and municipal jail) and public market (undergoing another major renovation — this time a vertical development) were built. In 1930, the provincial road connecting Bulusan to the adjoining towns of Barcelona and Irosin was opened to traffic. Telegraph and mail services began. Qualified voters began enjoying the right to suffrage. A system of municipal government was instituted. Trade and commerce flourished. Development in agricultural methods was initiated. In public health, cholera and smallpox were contained. In 1939, the first municipal waterworks system was constructed. At about this period, two Buluseños rose to places of prominence. Juan S. Reyes was elected governor of Sorsogon (1929–1931). His younger brother, Dr. Jose S. Reyes, who obtained his doctorate degree from Columbia University, was elected delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. Referred to as a political genius, he contributed immensely in the drafting of the 1935 Constitution. He also became a member of the Philippine Independence Mission and was the Secretary of Education of both the Quirino and Osmeña administrations. In 1945, he became executive secretary to President Sergio Osmeña. World War II
This period of relative peace and prosperity in Bulusan was disturbed when the Second World War broke out in the Philippines on December 8, 1941. Like the rest of the islands, Bulusan was overrun by the Japanese Imperial Army. This triggered nationalism once more among Buluseños with the re emergence of organized guerilla resistance. The Japanese later succeeded in establishing a semblance of local government to administer the town, but the loyalty of those appointed to these positions remained with the resistance group. Geography
It is bordered by the towns of Barcelona in the north and, going counterclockwise, the towns of Casiguran, Juban, Irosin, and Santa Magdalena. The islets of San Bernardino, about off the coast, fall under the jurisdiction of Bulusan. Bulusan is from Sorsogon City and from Manila. Barangays
Bulusan is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. There are 8 barangays located in the Poblacion area. Bagacay
Central (Poblacion)
Cogon
Dancalan
Dapdap (Poblacion)
Lalud
Looban (Poblacion)
Mabuhay (Poblacion)
Madlawon (Poblacion)
Poctol (Poblacion)
Porog
Sabang (Poblacion)
Salvacion
San Antonio
San Bernardo
San Francisco (Kapangihan)
San Isidro
San Jose
San Rafael (Likod)
San Roque
San Vicente (Buhang)
Santa Barbara
Sapngan (Poblacion)
Tinampo
Climate
Demographics
Language
Bulusan people are speakers of the Bisakol language. Pure Bicol is spoken in some special occasions and in Roman Catholic church liturgies. Tagalog is considered the third language, parallel to English. Religion
Roman Catholicism comprises 90% of the population. There are members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehova's Witnesses, Church of Jesus of the Latter Day Saints, born again Christians and other fundamental denominations in the town. Economy
Tourism
Mt. Bulusan
Bulusan is home to the highest peak in Sorsogon, Mount Bulusan. This active volcano is the centerpiece of Bulusan Volcano Natural Park which covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minute drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Water forms
Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Woods Camp Resort Named after the founder's surname (Collingwood) it is a cold spring resort between Iraya Spring and Balay Buhay Sa Uma Bee Farm. Its water connects the neighboring Joseph Spring Resort and "Batis" from Balay Buhay. The resort has been opened quite recently and has become one of the most popular tourist spots in Bulusan. Masacrot Spring A man made earthen swimming pool with cool waters emanating from underground springs. Palogtoc Falls (also known as Palogtok Falls). A small waterfall fills this man made earthen swimming pool which can be reached after a 20 minute leisure walk through rolling hills carpeted with green grass, under a canopy of tall coconut trees. It can be reached by a 20 minute tricycle ride from the town of Bulusan to Barangay San Francisco. A 20 minute walk on a mossy and slippery path and then a steep descent to the falls, culminates the hike. Dulipay River
Nasipit Spring Located in San Rafael. Buklad River Located near San Francisco
Historical sites
Punta Diamante The muralla (stone fort) that encloses the church complex of St. James the Greater Parish remains grand in its antiquity together with the Bulusan belfry, the largest of the five watchtowers dotting the historical complex. Buco Pass
Others
Dancalan, Miliga biga and Riroan beaches are popular swimming spots in Bulusan. Tan awan is a cliff road that overlooks the town of Bulusan, San Bernardino Strait and the expansive Pacific Ocean. From the vantage point, the view stretches from Tawog to the north, to barangay san antonio to the south. Offshore islands like San Bernardino or Parola (because of its lighthouse), Biri and the main island of Samar can be seen on clear days. Mapaso, the Healing Hot Spring is at Barangay San Vicente (also known as "Buhang"), Bulusan, Sorsogon. Mapaso is one of the best kept secrets of Bulusan. Unlike the other springs dotting all over the mountain villages, this one almost touches the sea and is the only one attributed with healing powers. Government
+ List of Municipal Mayors Name Year Term Fulgencio Sesbreno 1926 1934 Leon Galarosa 1935 1937 Sergio Galao 1938 1940 Vicente Guysayko 1938 1940 Elected Buenaventura Frades 1948 1951 Elected Jaime S. Reyes 1951 1959 Elected Dr. Rogado Halum 1960 1963 Elected Vicente Guysayko 1967 1969 Died in office in March 1969 Jaime S. Reyes 1969 1971 Succeeded Vicente Guysayko when he died in office Erwin G. Guysayko 1972 1979 Term was extended due to imposition of martial law Dr. Rogado Halum 1979 1985 Appointed mayor by President Marcos elected in January 1980 Antonio Frades 1985 1987 Appointed OIC by President Corazon C. Aquino Nelly G. Fortades 1987 1992 First elected lady mayor of Bulusan Dr. Oscar S. Halum 1992 2001 Elected; re elected in 1998 Juan G. Guysayko 2001 2010 Elected; re elected in 2004 Michael G. Guysayko 2010–2013 Elected in May 2010 Domingo S. Halum 2013–2016 Elected in May 2013 Michael G. Guysayko 2016–2019 Elected in May 2016
Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos (1977) but had to relinquish the post when he was elected to the Interim Batasang Pambansa in 1978. In 1984, he was elected as Mambabatas Pambansa until 1986 when it was dissolved. During his term, the Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center was constructed in what used to be the site of the old Central School's Gabaldon building. Two municipal streets in Barangay Sabang and Madlawon were likewise constructed. The '80s also marked the birth of Damayan Buluseño, Inc. (DBI), an organization of Buluseños living in Metro Manila. The group provides assistance to and development opportunities among Buluseños, like employment opportunities, medical assistance for the poor, scholarship, relief and financial assistance for the development of Bulusan. Starting out as a loose group out to muster support for a town mate undergoing trial in Manila but who they believed was wrongly accused, DBI went on to become a duly registered organization which, with its heretofore unseen zeal and popular support, became one of the province's most active organizations under the leadership of its founding president, Rogelio F. Fuentes. To date, it continues to fulfill its vision and provides an avenue for community leadership, pride in the hometown, brotherhood, and prosperity as ideals worthy of pursuit. Education
Primary education
Bulusan Central School (founded in 1903) by the American Thomasites, is the town's pilot elementary school. It was first housed in the Gabaldon building (the town's old casa tribunal). When the enrollment steadily increased through the years, several private houses were used as annexes, until the school was eventually transferred to a spacious property in Barangay Poctol, also in the poblacion'', where Emeterio Funes Street now runs. The Gabaldon building itself (or at least the upper storey) was totaled by Typhoon Dinang in December 1981. Assemblyman Augusto Ortiz had the old stone walls demolished and built Bulusan Cultural and Sports Center on the vacated lot. Other elementary schools:
Среднее образование
Фонд памяти Аарона Джеймса Гайсайко, Inc. является пионерским учебным заведением средней школы в городе. Он был основан в 1950 году доктором Хосе С. Рейесом как Институт Булусан. В то время все средние школы в стране были частными. В 1970-х годах школа была переименована в Мемориальный институт Хосе С. Рейеса, а с наступлением нового тысячелетия стала фондом. Булусанская средняя школа – государственная средняя школа, расположенная в окрестностях Булусанского поселка, основанная 4 октября 2000 года на границе Мадлавон и Данкалан. Через два года работы к школе был передан отдел средней школы Булусанской национальной профессионально-технической школы. Средняя школа имени Хайме Г. Эспенья – национализированная средняя школа, основанная как средняя школа Буханга, интегрированная с начальной школой Буханга в Булусане, Сорсогон. Школа была перенесена в sitio Тайзан, когда семья Эспена пожертвовала земельный участок. Позже она была названа в честь их покойного отца, доктора Хайме Г. Эспеньи. Национальная средняя школа Сан-Роке – еще одна национализированная средняя школа в юго-западной части Булусана, недалеко от границы с Иросином. Она комплектуется учениками из начальных школ соседних деревень, включая некоторые части Иросина, такие как Мапасо Патаг и Кауаян.
Aaron James Guysayko Memorial Foundation, Inc. is the town's pioneering secondary school. It was founded as Bulusan Institute in 1950 by Dr. Jose S. Reyes. All secondary schools in the country, were, at around that time, private. The school was renamed Jose S. Reyes Memorial Institute in the 1970s and became a foundation at the advent of the new millennium. Bulusan High School is a public high school in the vicinity of Bulusan Poblacion, founded October 4, 2000, at the boundary of Madlawon and Dancalan. After two years of operation, the High School department of Bulusan National Vocational Technical School was turned over to the school. Jaime G. Espeña High School is a nationalized high school founded as Buhang High School integrated to the elementary school of Buhang, Bulusan, Sorsogon. The school was relocated in sitio Taizan when the Espeña family donated a parcel of land. It was later named after their late father, Dr. Jaime G. Espeña. San Roque National High School is another nationalized high school in the southwestern part of Bulusan near the boundary of Irosin. It is fed by neighboring villages' elementary schools including some parts of Irosin such as Mapaso Patag and Cauayan.
Католическое образование
Школа Непорочного Сердца Марии (IHMS) в Булусане, расположенная на другой стороне Пунта-Диаманте, является начальной и средней школой, управляемой францисканцами.
Immaculate Heart of Mary School (IHMS) Bulusan, on the other side of Punta Diamante, is a Franciscan operated elementary and secondary school.
Профессионально-техническое образование
Булусанская национальная профессионально-техническая школа – одна из ведущих школ TESDA в стране. Она начала свою деятельность как муниципальная средняя школа, основанная Хосе Хеньоргой, который на момент выхода на пенсию занимал должность администратора профессионально-технической школы TESDA II (VSA II). В настоящее время школа принимает учащихся из второго избирательного округа провинции Сорсогон.
Bulusan National Vocational Technical School is one of the country's top performing TESDA schools. It started out as a municipal high school founded by Jose Geñorga, who was TESDA Vocational School Administrator II (VSA II) when he retired. The school now caters to students from the 2nd District of Sorsogon.