Университет Алькала-де-Энарес: История и современность

Public university in Spain

The University of Alcalá (lang es) is a public university located in Alcalá de Henares, a city 35 km (22 miles) northeast of Madrid in Spain and also the third largest city of the region. It was founded in 1293 as a Studium Generale for the public, and was refounded in 1977. The University of Alcalá is especially renowned in the Spanish speaking world for its annual presentation of the highly prestigious Cervantes Prize. The university currently enrolls 28,336 students, 17,252 of whom are studying for undergraduate degrees, who are taught by a teaching staff of 2,608 professors, lecturers and researchers belonging to 24 departments. The administrative tasks are carried out by the university's Administration and Services, comprising approximately 800 people. One of the university's campuses, located in the city center, is housed partly in historic buildings which were once used by the Complutense University of Madrid, which was located in Alcalá from its medieval origins until it was moved to Madrid in 1836.

On May 20 of 1293, the king Sancho IV of Castile granted license to archbishop of Toledo. Gonzalo Pérez Gudiel to create a Studium Generale (as the university studies were then called through Europe) in Alcalá de Henares, "with the same frankness for teachers and students, which were granted to General Study of Valladolid". These studies, although quite modest, survived through time to link with the Cisneros refoundation. On July 17, 1459 Pope Pius II granted a bull, requested by the archbishop Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña, "for the erection of three Cathedras of Arts and Grammar in this study of Alcalá". These last chatedras, subsisting of that General Study of the 13th century, were integrated by Cisneros into the "new" university.

In 1499, Cardinal Cisneros founded a university in Alcalá de Henares. This university is known in historiography in different ways: Complutense University, Cisneriana University, University of Alcalá and reached, together with the University of Salamanca, a pre eminent place among the Castilian universities during the Golden Age. However, it later entered a period of decline until in 1836 the government decreed its transfer to Madrid, renamed Central University of Madrid. This, in 1970, adopted the name of Complutense University of Madrid. The Complutense University of Madrid, in accordance with such historical trajectory, shows continuity with the university founded by Cisneros in 1499.

By a royal order of 29 October 1836, Queen Regent Maria Christina ordered The university to move to Madrid, where they took the name of Literary University and, in 1851, the Central University of Madrid. The university would be known under this name until its original name of "Complutense" was restored in the 1970s.

In 1975, after years of the buildings passing between various businesses, Complutense University opened its Alcalá branch as a means to decongest its growing student population. In 1977, the university was re founded as "the University of Alcalá de Henares," which later was shortened to "the University of Alcalá" in 1996. In 1998 Unesco named it a World Heritage site. Today's University of Alcalá preserves its traditional humanities faculties, a testimony to the university's special efforts, past and present, to promote and diffuse the Spanish language through both its studies and the Cervantes Prize, which is awarded annually by the King and Queen of Spain in the elegant sixteenth century Paraninfo (Great Hall). The university has added to its time honoured education in the humanities and social sciences new degree subjects in scientific fields such as health sciences or engineering, spread out across its different sites (the Alcalá Campus, the Science and Technology Campus and Guadalajara), all of which, together with the Science and Technology Park, are a key factor in its projection abroad, while also acting as a dynamo for activities in its local region.

Because of its rich tradition in the humanities, the University of Alcalá offers several programs in Spanish language and literature. Alcalingua, a Department of the University of Alcalá, offers Spanish language and culture courses to foreigners and develops materials for teaching Spanish as a foreign language. The University of Alcalá, together with EDUESPAÑA, grants the CEELE, Certificado de Calidad en la Enseñanza del Español como Lengua Extranjera (Quality Certificate for Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language).

The University of Alcalá is a party to various bilateral agreements with institutions in non European countries, above all with universities in Latin America and the USA. Some of these agreements stipulate exchanges for first and second stage students. Like Erasmus Programme students, foreign students who take advantage of these exchange schemes are exempt of payment of tuition fees to the University of Alcalá, though they must meet their own costs of travel, accommodation and upkeep. Application to take part in these exchanges should be carried out in the university of origin. Once selected, the university of origin will inform the University of Alcalá.

The University of Alcalá offers degrees in five branches of knowledge: Arts and Humanities, Law and Social Sciences, Sciences, Health Sciences, and Engineering and Architecture. Its approximately 20,000 undergraduate students are spread across its three campuses:

This campus occupies, among others, the buildings formerly used by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid when it was itself the Universidad de Alcalá. It includes the main administration building, the Faculties of Philosophy and Arts, Law, Economics and Business, and Documentation, as well as the Technical School of Architecture and Geodesy. Also located in the historical campus are Alcalingua (the university's Spanish language school), the Benjamin Franklin North American Studies University Research Institute, the Research Institute of Economic and Social Analysis, the Police Sciences University Research Institute, the Postgraduate School, the Institute of Educational Sciences, the Cisneros International Center for Historical Studies, the Cervantes Research Center, the Foreign Languages Center, the Institute of Business Organization and Management, the International Financial Training Center Foundation and the General Foundation of the university.

This campus includes the Faculties of Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, Pharmacy, Medicine, Nursing and Physiotherapy, as well as the School of Computer Engineering and the Polytechnic School. The students’ Residence Halls (the University Residential City and the Giner de los Ríos University Residence) are also located in this campus, as well as sports facilities, the Botanical Garden, Computer Services, numerous research centers and the Science and Technology Park.

The "Multidepartamental" building is home to the Faculties of Tourism and Nursing, and the Schools of Business Studies and Architecture. The Faculty of Education offers degrees in Audiovisual Communication and Modern Languages and Translation (the latter can also be studied at the historical campus in Alcalá).

Eduardo José Acosta Méndez: Philosopher, historian, traductor, etc. He was a researcher of Socrates and Epicuro. Professor of Greek philosophy at University of Alcalá until his death. Mateo Alemán: Novelist and writer. Studied at Alcalá. Joaquín Almunia: is a Spanish politician. He was a teacher in labor law and social security. Diego de Argumosa: Surgeon. The first to use ether as an anesthesia in Spain in 1847. Rodrigo de Balbín Behrmann: A pre historian specializing in Spanish and Megalithic Paleolithic art. Current professor at University of Alcalá. Juan José Bautista Martín (Juan y Medio): An entrepreneur, comedian, presenter, actor, psychologist and Spanish lawyer. Studied Bachelor of Law at the University of Alcalá. Vicente Blanco Gaspar, ambassador of Spain. Pedro Calderón de la Barca: Studied logic and rhetoric at University of Alcalá. Juan Caramuel Lobkowitz: He was a philosopher, mathematician, logician and linguist Spanish Cistercian monk. He studied humanities and philosophy at the University of Alcalá. Jaime Castro Castro: Lawyer, writer, politician and statesman in Colombia. Studied at University of Alcalá. Francisco Javier Ceballos Sierra: is a writer and Professor in the area of Architecture and Computer Technology at the University of Alcalá. He is known for his books on programming languages C / C + C, C #, Java, Visual Basic. Francisco Comín Comín: Professor of History and Economics Institution at UAH. National Prize of History. Doctor of Economics. José Antonio Conde: Orientalist and historian. Educated at the University of Alcalá. Francisco Díaz de Alcalá: Studied medicine and became a professor at University of Alcalá. Author of the first case of urology. Fernando Esteve Chueca: Botanic Professor at UAH. Alonso García Matamoros: Rhetoric professor at University of Alcalá for 22 years. Luis García San Miguel Rodríguez Arango: Professor emeritus at the University of Alcalá. Professor of Philosophy of Law, he was a researcher and author of numerous publications. Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda: Humanist, philosopher and theologian. Studied at University of Alcalá Arts and Theology. Paúl Granda López: Mayor of the City of Cuenca (Ecuador). Studied at the University of Alcalá. Juan Huarte de San Juan: Physician and psychologist. Received his doctorate in medicine in Alcalá de Henares. Manuel Jesús Lagares Calvo: Economist, State Treasury Inspector and Honorary Professor at University of Alcalá. Friar Luis de León: Student of Hebrew and Biblical interpretation at the University of Alcalá de Henares. Jon Juaristi Linacero: Poet, novelist, essayist, and Basque to Castilian translator. He is a Professor of Spanish Literature at the University of Alcalá. Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros: Studied Arts and Theology. Cisneros chose him to teach theology for 20 years. María Blanca de Lizaur Guerra: Works as a researcher specializing in cultural studies, communication, literature and as a writer. Holds a Ph. D. in philology from the University of Alcalá. Ignatius of Loyola: Studied theology and Latin in the University of Alcalá. Tomás Mancha Navarro: Spanish economist and Professor of Applied Economy at UAH since 1992. Director of University Institute of Economic and Social Analysis (IAES). Juan de Mariana: Jesuit priest, Scholastic, historian, and member of the Monarchomachs. Studied Arts and Theology at the University of Alcalá. Ignacio Martínez Mendizábal: Spanish paleontologist. He is a Professor of paleontology in the Geology department at University of Alcalá. Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos: Author, philosopher and statesman. Francisco de Mendoza y Bobadilla: Studied Latin, Greek and Hebrew at the University of Alcala. Tirso de Molina: Studied at Alcalá de Henares, was a Spanish Baroque dramatist, a poet and a Roman Catholic monk. Arias Montano: orientalist and editor of the Antwerp Polyglot. José Luis Moralejo Álvarez: is a Latin traductor. Since 1991 he has been a professor of Latin Philology at University of Alcalá. Francisco Moreno Fernández: Professor of Spanish language. He was Director of Cervantes Institute in São Paulo and Chicago. Antonio de Nebrija: Professorship of poetry and grammar at University of Alcalá, best known for writing a grammar of the Castilian language. Manuel Peinado Lorca: Biologist and politician. Professor of environmental science since 1988. José Manuel Pedrosa Bartolomé: Philosopher and folklorist. He is a professor at the University of Alcalá. Antonio Pérez: Statesman, secretary of King Philip II of Spain. Attended the most prestigious universities such as Alcalá de Henares. Diego Pérez de Mesa: Cathedral Professor of mathematics in University of Alcalá. Francisco de Quevedo: Poet and politician. Andrés Manuel del Río: Scientist and naturalist. Studied at University of Alcalá de Henares and discovered compounds of vanadium. Francisco Vallés de Covarrubias: "Divino Vallés" Professor of medicine. The first in Alcalá to teach medicine for the body. He is buried in the chapel of Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso in Alcalá de Henares. Lope de Vega: Playwright and poet. Santo Tomás de Villanueva: Was from the first promotion of the University of Alcalá and the first saint who studied in the UAH. He has a square dedicated to him as a result. Gabriel Tortella Casares: is a Spanish economist and historian, specialist in economic history of the modern age. King Juan Carlos Economics Prize 1994. Is Emeritus Professor of Economic History at the University of Alcalá de Henares. Pedro Ciruelo: Mathematician, theologian, and astrologer.

Many buildings on the campus of Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas borrow architectural elements from those found at the University of Alcalá.