Баскетбол на Олимпийских играх: история и 3x3

Sport for men consistently since 1936
the 3x3 variant

Basketball at the Summer Olympics has been a sport for men consistently since 1936. Prior to its inclusion as a medal sport, basketball was held as an unofficial demonstration event in 1904 and 1924. Women's basketball made its debut in the Summer Olympics in 1976. FIBA organizes both the men's and women's FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournaments and the Summer Olympics basketball tournaments, which are sanctioned by the IOC. The United States is by far the most successful country in Olympic basketball, with United States men's teams having won 16 of 19 tournaments in which they participated, including seven consecutive titles from 1936 through 1968. United States women's teams have won eight titles out of the 10 tournaments in which they competed, including seven in a row from 1996 to 2020. Besides the United States, Argentina is the only nation still in existence which has won either the men's or women's tournament. The Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and the Unified Team are the countries no longer in existence who have won the tournament. The United States are the defending champions in both men's and women's tournaments. On 9 June 2017, the Executive Board of the International Olympic Committee announced that 3x3 basketball would become an official Olympic sport as of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, for both men and women.

Basketball was invented by James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. Within a few decades, the new game became popular throughout the United States as an indoor sport. The popularity spread overseas and the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) was organized in 1932 in Geneva, Switzerland. The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) had a big part in the spread of this sport to many countries, and as many as 21 teams competed in the first Olympic basketball tournament.

Thanks in part to the effort of Phog Allen—a Kansas Jayhawks collegiate coach—the first Olympic basketball tournament was organized in the 1936 Berlin Olympics on outdoor tennis courts. Dr. Naismith presented the medals to the top three teams. According to the Olympic rules of that time, all of the competitors were amateurs. The tournament was held indoors for the first time in 1948. The American team proved its dominance, winning the first seven Olympic tournaments through 1968, without losing a single game. While the Americans were barred from sending a team that contained players from the professional National Basketball Association, they instead sent in college players; teams from some other countries sent in their best players, as some of their players were classified as "amateur" by FIBA, by earning allowances instead of wages.

The U. S. winning streak ended in 1972 in one of the most controversial matches in history, when the Soviet Union beat them in the gold medal game by one point. The U. S. team reclaimed the gold medal in 1976, with Yugoslavia, which had beaten the Soviet Union in the semifinal, finishing runner up for the second time. In 1980, with the Americans' absence due to the boycott, Yugoslavia became the third team to win the title, after beating the Soviets anew in the semifinals and Italy in the final. The Americans regained the title in 1984, by beating Spain in the final, with the Soviets boycotting this time. The Soviets won the gold medal for the second time in 1988, after beating the U. S. team for the second time in the semifinal, and the Yugoslavs in the gold medal game.

The advent of the state sponsored "full time amateur athlete" of the Eastern Bloc countries eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage. The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally listed in the military, but all of whom were in fact paid by the state to train full time. In April 1989, through the leadership of Secretary General Borislav Stanković, FIBA approved the rule that allowed NBA players to compete in international tournaments, including the Olympics. Soviet Union (as of 1992) and Yugoslavia (as of 2006) are defunct. No team carried over the records of these nations. Yugoslavia has been the designation from two distinct national entities: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1948 to 1988 formed as a joint state of 6 republics; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1996 to 2006 formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia. In 2003, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was renamed to Serbia and Montenegro, however both Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro represented the same national entity: a joint state of Montenegro and Serbia.

Category Men Women Biggest game score 229 points: USA 156–73 Nigeria (2012) 190 points: Japan 62–128 Brazil (2004) Lowest game score 27 points: USA 19–8 Canada (1936) 100 points: Senegal 32–68 Slovakia (2000) Biggest margin 100 points:Korea 120–20 Iraq (1948)China 125–25 Iraq (1948) 66 points:Japan 62–128 Brazil (2004)Italy 53–119 Soviet Union (1980) Games with most overtimes 2 overtimes:Argentina 111–107 Brazil (2016)Canada 86–83 Russia (2000)Lithuania 83–81 Croatia (1996)Australia 109–101 Brazil (1996) 2 overtimes:Turkey 79–76 Brazil (2016)Spain 92–80 Italy (1992)Longest winning streak 63 games: USA (1936–72) 49 games: USA (1992–2016)All time top cumulative scorer 1,093 points: Oscar Schmidt (Brazil) 575 points: Lauren Jackson (Australia)All time top average scorer 28.8 points per game: Oscar Schmidt (Brazil) 22 points per game: Lara Sanders (Turkey)Single game scorer 55 points: Oscar Schmidt (Spain vs. Brazil, 1988) 39 points: Evladiya Slavcheva Stefanova (Bulgaria vs. South Korea, 1988)
As of 1 May 2018.

The International Olympic Committee does not recognize records for basketball, although FIBA does.

Year Men PPG Women PPG1948 Ignacio Romo Porchas 21.0colspan=2 1952 Ivan Mrázek 22.0colspan=2 1956 Oscar Moglia 26.0colspan=2 1960 Radivoj Korać 23.6colspan=2 1964 Ricardo Duarte 23.6colspan=2 1968 Davis Peralta 23.8colspan=2 1972 Masatomo Taniguchi 23.9colspan=2 1976 Ed Palubinskas 31.3 Keiko Namai 20.41980 Ian Davies 29.3 Uliana Semanova 21.81984 Mohamed Sayed Soliman 25.6 Kim Hwa soon 16.81988 Oscar Schmidt 42.3 Choi Kyung hee Evladiya Slavcheva 19.61992 Oscar Schmidt 24.8 Hortência Marcari 18.81996 Oscar Schmidt 27.4 Yamilé Martínez 20.52000 Andrew Gaze 19.9 Janeth Arcain 20.52004 Pau Gasol 22.4 Lauren Jackson 22.92008 Pau Gasol 19.6 Miao Lijie 17.32012 Patty Mills 21.2 Érika de Souza 16.22016 Bojan Bogdanović 25.3 Elizabeth Cambage 23.52020 Patty Mills 26.8 Emma Meesseman 27.3