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Former railroad tunnel in Rhode Island
the former trolley tunnel still in active transit use
The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad acquired the Old Colony Lines in 1883; this initiated renewed interest in constructing an east side access corridor to Union Station. The East Side Tunnel was first envisioned in 1903 as a more direct connection between the old Union Station in the center of Providence with several other New Haven acquired railroad lines that ran east of the Seekonk River. Construction on the tunnel started in May 1906; one crew worked east from the Benefit Street entrance and one worked west from the Gano Street entrance. The tunnel was opened for NYNH&H regional rail services on November 15, 1908. The entire cost of the project, including the bridge, the tunnel, and the approach to Union Station, was $2 million.

The east portal is located at what is now Gano Street Park near the intersection of Gano Street and Amy Street. The viaduct from the west portal to downtown was demolished in 1982 1983. A short open air approach above beyond the portal was converted to a parking lot. It is about 500 feet north of the west portal of the East Side Trolley Tunnel. The portal is just north of Thomas Street, between North Main Street and Benefit Street.

The tunnel had originally opened with full double tracked mainline. Between 1908 and 1934, the tunnel was electrified with a 600 Volt DC overhead single wire trolley system to accommodate electric passenger trains from Providence to Bristol, Rhode Island and Fall River, Massachusetts. All passenger services ceased in 1938. For the remainder of the tunnel's service life freight trains, along with the occasional fan trips on chartered passenger trains, utilized the East Side Tunnel southbound. Event passenger services also ran northward to the Narragansett Park horse racing track during the racing season; this service ended in the late 1960s. NYNH&H successor Penn Central took control of the East Side access line in 1969. In 1970, PC requested ICC permission to abandon the Bristol Secondary due to low freight demand. Conrail inherited the East Side Tunnel from PC in 1976, and further attempts were made to rail bank the right of way. The newly independent Providence and Worcester Railroad assumed operation of the line later in 1976; however, the Bristol Secondary was abandoned by the end of that year. The Crook Point Bascule bridge and the East Side Tunnel were subsequently abandoned later that year; the downtown Providence viaduct was demolished when the Northeast Corridor was re routed to facilitate remodeling of the downtown area in Providence in the early 1980s. After 1976, the short mile long East Providence portion of the line could only be accessed via the East Junction Branch or East Providence Branch. Freight would continue to service a scrapyard at Wilkesbarre Pier until the early 2000s; by 2006, this portion had been abandoned by the P&W.

On May 1, 1993, a group of students gathered at the western end of the tunnel below Benefit Street to celebrate Beltain May Day. The students started fires, wore masks and beat drums until early in the morning. Campus security tried to break up the party; the students claimed the officers had no jurisdiction in the tunnel. A fight broke out between a security officer and a student who refused to stop drumming. City police were called and by the time they had arrived the party had grown larger. Law enforcement tried to break up the party with tear gas, but the students responded by throwing rocks and bricks. Officers finally broke up the party by forming a riot line, and surrounding the students. The following day, the police claimed that they had found signs of "satanic rituals". The tunnel portals were soon blocked with corrugated steel, with small doors at either end; these doors were later welded shut. Since then, there have been sporadic attempts to re open the site for art and performances. There have also been sporadic calls by Providence city officials to reutilize the East Side Tunnel as a light rail alignment; however, no project has ever been formally proposed. There are no current plans to reuse the tunnel for transit or public use.