Зария: История и современность города Нигерии

City in Kaduna State, Nigeria
the city in Nigeria

Zaria is a metropolitan city in Nigeria which lies within four local government areas in Kaduna State; it is the capital city to the Zazzau Emirate Council, and one of the original seven Hausa city states and a major city in the state. The local government areas that made up of the city of Zaria includes: Zaria Local Government, Sabon Gari Local Government, Giwa Local Government and Soba Local Government areas in Kaduna state, Nigeria. It contains Nigeria's largest university, Ahmadu Bello University, and various tertiary institutions including the Federal College of Education(F C E zaria) Nigerian College of Aviation Technology Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology and Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic. Nigerian college of Aviation Technology. Department of Agriculture Ahmed Bello University Zaria. Ameer Shehu Idris College of Advanced Diploma. From the 2006 population census, Zaria was estimated to have 736,000 people. It is home to the Emir of Zazzau.

Zaria, initially known as Zazzau, was the capital of the Hausa kingdom of Zazzau. Human settlement predates the rise of Zazzau, as the region, like some of its neighbors, had a history of sedentary Hausa settlement, with institutional market exchange and farming. Zaria was the most southern of the Hausa city states. It was a trading destination for Saharan caravans as well as a prominent city in the Hausa slave trade. In the late 1450s, Islam arrived in Zaria by the way of its sister Habe cities, Kano and Katsina. Along with Islam, trade flourished between the cities as traders brought camel caravans filled with salt in exchange for slaves and grain. The city state's power peaked under Queen Amina whose military campaigns established a tributary region including the kingdoms of Kano and Katsina. At the end of the 16th century, after Queen Amina's death, Zaria fell under the influence of the Jukun Kingdom and eventually became a tributary state itself. A French hostage of the Islamist group Ansaru, held captive at Zaria, escaped in 2013 and reached a police station in the city. In December 2015, Nigeria's military was reported to have killed 300 Shia Muslims and buried their bodies in a mass grave. Although the government denies the event, it has been described as a massacre.

The old part of the city, known as Birnin Zazzau or Zaria City, was originally surrounded by walls and fortress, which have been mostly removed. The Emir's palace is in the old city. In the old city and the adjacent Tudun Wada neighbourhood people typically reside in traditional adobe compounds. These two neighborhoods are predominantly occupied by the indigenous Hausa.

Zaria's economy is primarily based on agriculture. Staples are guinea corn and millet. Cash crops include cotton, groundnuts and tobacco. Not only is Zaria a market town for the surrounding area, it is the home of artisans from traditional crafts like leather work, dyeing and cap making, to tinkers, printshops and furniture makers. Because Zaria is north of the rail junction at Kaduna, it has equal rail access to the seaports at Lagos and Port Harcourt. However, only the railway between Lagos and Kano is functional, as the eastern line of Nigeria's rail network is not operational. This means that Zaria currently has rail access to Lagos and Kano to the north but not Port Harcourt. From 1914 to 1927, Zaria was the break of gauge junction station for the Bauchi Light Railway to the tin mines at Jos.

Zaria is home to Ahmadu Bello University, the largest university in Nigeria and the second largest on the African continent. The institution is very prominent in the fields of Agriculture, Science, Finance, Medicine and Law. The school is known for the large number of elites from the region that passed through its academic buildings and counts among its alumni five who were Nigerian heads of state, including the late president Umaru Musa Yar'Adua. Zaria is also the base for the Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Military school, Bassawa Baracks, Federal college of Education Zaria. Some historic secondary schools in the adjoining town of Wusasa, where the former Head of the Federal Military Government Yakubu Gowon resides are the St. Bartholomew's School and Science School Kufena, formerly known as St. Paul's College, also MAISS GIWA a school established by The Emir of Zazzau Dr. Shehu Idris is situated there. Barewa College (formerly Katsina middle school) and Alhudahuda college are other famous secondary schools in the city.

Zaria is among the northern cities that celebrates the annual cultural durbar festivals in Nigeria.

A 2019 study of air pollution in Zaria found that pollution concentrations were within the expected national standards for air pollution.

Zaria's geography and previous land use meant that much of the city's historical land cover was barren. A 2020 study found that barren land decreased from 1990 to 2020 while built environment increased 66 percent and vegetative land increased by 29%. As of 2012, the city of Zaria had 30% access to clean water supply. The project had problems with some of its local contractors, resulting in the African Development Bank banning four companies from further participating in bank funding projects. As of August 2020, 60% of water in the system was unaccounted for because of illegal connections, poor metering practices, and poor maintenance.

Kwarbai. Kaura. Rimin Tsiwa. Tudun Wada. magajiya. Amaru. Tudun Jukun. Kusfa. Rimin Kanbari. Gyallesu. Wusasa. Anguwan Dankali. Jushi. Banzazzau. Nagoyi. Anguwan Juma. Anguwan iya. Limancin Kona. Limancin Iya. Salmandona. Albarkawa. Madaka. Anguwan Fatika. Anguwan Kaya. Filin Mallawa. Kofan Doka. Kofan Kona. Kofan Galadima. Tukur Tukur. Anguwan Dankali. Rimin Kanbari. Rimin Kwakwa. Rimin Danza.

Kwarbai A Ward. Kwarbai B Ward. Kaura Ward. Limanci Ward. Anguwan Fatika Ward. Tudun Wada Ward. Tukur Tukur Ward. Kufena Ward. Dutsen Abba Ward. Gyallesu Ward. Dambo Ward. Wucicciri Ward.