Палестинская национальная инициатива: политическая партия и ее роль

Political party in Palestine

Palestinian National Initiative (المبادرة الوطنية الفلسطينية al Mubādara al Waṭaniyya al Filasṭīniyya) is a Palestinian political party led by Mustafa Barghouti. Its formation was formally announced on 17 June 2002 in Ramallah on the West Bank, part of the Palestinian Territories, by Haidar Abdel Shafi, Mustafa Barghouthi and Ibrahim Dakkak. The PNI views itself as a "democratic third force" in Palestinian politics and opposes the dichotomy between Fatah (which it views as corrupt and undemocratic) and Hamas (which it views as extremist and fundamentalist).

The PNI is dominated by secular intellectuals, some of them former members of the left wing Palestinian People's Party. It is strongly based in civil society organizations and NGOs operating in the Palestinian Territories and has extensive connections with foreign aid and support groups. Its lack of a role within the PLO and in the PNA has greatly reduced its visibility to ordinary Palestinians. The PNI has gained some support among Palestinian exiles, most notably the late Edward Said, but is extremely weak or non existent in the main refugee communities in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. The Initiative is led by a General Secretary, with Mustafa Barghouti occupying that post since its founding.

At the 2005 Palestinian presidential election held on 9 January 2005, Mustafa Barghouti campaigned on a platform of democratization as the PNI's candidate, and in the absence of a Hamas candidate (due to the Hamas' policy of boycotting all PNA institutions) quickly became the leading opponent to PLO chairman Mahmoud Abbas. Barghouti was also endorsed by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, after that group failed in its attempts to organize a single candidacy for all secular Palestinian factions outside Fatah. During the campaign, Barghouti's fame snowballed after the international press picked up his name as the main opposition candidate. He was twice arrested by the Israel Defense Forces, suffering a broken knee in custody, and complained of discrimination by both the Abbas run PNA and Israel, which he accused of covertly backing Abbas's candidacy. In the final results, he polled 19.48%, with Abbas gaining 62.52% and the remaining five candidates all coming in below 3.5%.

At the 2006 Palestinian legislative election for the Palestinian Legislative Council, the PNI ran as part of the Independent Palestine list. The list netted about 2.7% of the votes, winning two seats on the PLC, filled by Mustafa Barghouti and Rawya Rashad Sa eed al Shawa.

The PNI made minor gains in the first round of the 2005 Palestinian local elections, held in January 2005, after the presidential elections. In the second round, conducted in May 2005, the PNI by itself or in coalitions won a majority in at least six localities, with a total 10% of the vote for candidates outside Fatah and Hamas. In the third round, held on the West Bank on 29 September, the PNI ran by itself or in coalitions in 18 out of 104 municipalities and won control of 16 councils. The fourth and last round was postponed until December.

For the 2016 Palestinian local government elections that were initially scheduled for October 2016, the PNI was one of the five left wing Palestinian factions that formed a joint list called the Democratic Alliance List. At the elections, which took place on 13 May 2017, the Alliance won 5 of the 3,253 contested seats, gaining 0.32% of the votes.

In the abortive 2021 Palestinian legislative election, the PNI submitted a list under the name "List of the National Initiative for Change and to End the Division". The elections were ultimately postponed indefinitely and did not take place. Initially, the PNI was in talks with other leftist parties, including the PFLP, the DFLP, the PPP and FIDA, to run on a united left list. However, talks broke down and the proposed list failed to materialize.