Телевидение Вьетнама: История и развитие

National television broadcaster of Vietnam
the former broadcaster in South Vietnam

Vietnam Television , operating under its official abbreviation VTV, is the national television broadcaster of Vietnam. As the state broadcaster under the direction of the government of Vietnam, VTV is tasked with "propagating the views of the Party, policies, laws of the government".

VTV was established with technical assistance and training from Cuba on 7 September 1970, in Hanoi, as a department of Voice of Vietnam. During the Vietnam War it broadcast intermittently from a mountainous region. After reunification in 1975, the former U. S. run stations in the south became part of the national network, and broadcasting was extended to the entire country. Color television was experimented in 1977 and adopted the French SECAM standard and fully implemented in 1986. Vietnam Television became an official name on 30 April 1987. And by 1990, VTV viewers had two national TV channels to choose from as VTV2 was launched and that year switched to PAL. VTV3 channels was broadcast on 31 March 1996, in 1998 the channel was broadcast via satellite to localities across the country. The remaining channels began to air in the following year, respectively. VTV3 is the first channel to be broadcast HD since June 2013. The remaining channels be upgraded in turn to broadcast standard in the following year. In time to 2015 to 2022, all channel are broadcast under HD and SD signal in parallel. VTV's regional broadcasting centres are located in Ho Chi Minh City, Huế, Da Nang, Nha Trang (formerly in Phú Yên), and Cần Thơ. Programming is relayed nationwide via a network of provincial and municipal television stations. There are transmitters in most outlying areas of the country. By 2003, more than 80% of all urban households owned a television set. The percentage was considerably less in rural areas, but even the most remote village cafe has a TV and video or DVD player. During January 1–7, 2020, VTV performed SD & HD channel sync testing for from VTV1 VTV7 channels and January 10, 2020, for VTV9. Between 19 March and 30 April 2020, as a safety precaution due to the COVID 19 pandemic in the country, Vietnam Television temporarily suspended the overnight timeslot on most channels, with the exception of VTV1, VTV4 and VTV7, and limited the broadcast time to 19 hours per day. The overnight timeslot returned to these channels as of 00:00 on May 1, 2020. From May 10, 2020, Decree 34/2020/ND CP officially takes effect. Accordingly, VTV merged and restructured the station's editing, production and broadcasting units and Vietnam Television Centers in the Central and Southern regions. From July 30 to September 2, 2020, during the time of social distancing to prevent the COVID 19 epidemic in central provinces and cities, VTV8 continues to shorten the broadcast time to 19 hours daily. From September 3, 2020, VTV8 has broadcast 24 hours daily again. On December 31, 2020, the station stopped broadcasting terrestrial analogue television in the 15 provinces of group IV of the Terrestrial Television Digitization Scheme, completing the national television digitization. On September 8, 2022, Decree No. 60/2022/ND CP on the organization, tasks and powers of Vietnam Television was issued. Accordingly, the Youth Department is no longer part of the department system of Vietnam Television Station as from October 1, 2022. And renamed many department, at the same time, the Vietnam Television Center in the Southern region was split and re established, which includes Vietnam Television Center in Ho Chi Minh City as well as Vietnam Television Center in the Southwest region (on the basis of the Southwest Regional Office of Vietnam Television Center in the Southern region). The Vietnam Television Center in the Southwest region is responsible for producing programs for VTV Cần Thơ and other VTV channels. On October 10, 2022, VTV6 officially stopped broadcasting after 15 years, being replaced with VTV Cần Thơ, the national television channel of the Southwest region, later officially on October 13, 2022. On November 1, 2022, VTV officially synchronized SD & HD streams for all channels (VTV5 Tây Nam Bộ has removed HD word, apart for channels VTV5 Tây Nguyên, VTV8 and VTV Cần Thơ have synchronized streams before).

EPG no. EPG name Channel name Channel type Availability Notes 1 VTV1 VTV1 Free TV News and current affairs channel. 2 VTV2 VTV2 Science and education channel. 3 VTV3 VTV3 Entertainment channel. 4 VTV4 VTV4 International channel. 5 VTV5 VTV5 Southwest VTV5 Central Highland VTV5 VTV5 Tây Nam Bộ VTV5 Tây Nguyên Ethnic language channel. 6 VTV Can Tho VTV Cần Thơ Specialized channel for viewers in the Southwest region of Vietnam. 7 VTV7 VTV7 National education television channel.8 VTV8 VTV8 Specialized channel for viewers in the Central and Central Highlands region of Vietnam.9 VTV9 VTV9 Specialized channel for viewers in the Southeast region of Vietnam.

VTV has its own film production company, the Vietnam Television Film Centre (formerly Vietnam Television Film Company), or VFC, which produces made for television movies and miniseries. Shows may also include foreign serial melodramas dubbed in Vietnamese, shown on VTV1 or VTV3. Aside from news and current affairs programming, VTV1 devotes itself to orchestral concerts, ballets, traditional theatre, ethnic minority culture shows and films. On Vietnamese New Year's Eve, VTV broadcasts a block of specialised programmes, a special edition of the 19:00 news bulletin, satirical theatrical comedy Gặp nhau cuối năm ("Year end reunion"), dedicated music shows, and a live broadcast of New Year's Eve celebrations across the country.

Despite creating a strong influence among the Vietnamese public, VTV has also been involved in many controversies over political issues, piracy and the spread of false and one sided information.

VTV4 has been criticized by South Vietnamese refugees and Vietnamese emigrants, due to the network supporting communist rule. This controversy was initiated in 2003, when Australian public broadcaster SBS began to air news bulletins from VTV4 as a part of WorldWatch, a block that transmits news programs from broadcasters across the world. VTV4's bulletin was quickly removed after the backlash. On the 2019 Lunar New Year edition of the cultural show Vietnamese Beauties (Vẻ đẹp Việt), VTV used the figure of Trần Lệ Xuân, the former South Vietnamese First Lady to illustrate Vietnamese áo dài styles through the times. Two days later, on the variety show called 12 Zodiacs (12 Con Giáp), VTV unintentionally displayed a frame showing a member of the P336 band wearing a yellow jacket which resembled the South Vietnamese flag.

On 28 February 2016, VTV admitted that they had used copyrighted content without permission in some of its programs. Thus, VTV's YouTube channel was terminated. The case was brought into attention after videographer Bùi Minh Tuấn claimed that VTV had repeatedly used his drone videos. He claimed that between 2015 and 2016, he had sent many complaints to VTV, the Department of Copyright and the Vietnam Ministry of Information and Communications to report around 20 copyright infringements by VTV, to no avail. Tuan decided to report the case to Google. In 2008, VTV lost its rights to broadcast the Miss World competition due to copyright issues. In 2016, it lost the broadcasting rights to the 2015 16 UEFA Champions League season.

In May 2016, VTV was fined 50 million VND (equivalent to 2,108 USD) by the Ministry of Information and Communications after publishing a reportage of farmers sweeping vegetables to pretend to be worms eating vegetables that considered to be "false". On a reportage in the live business news "Tài Chính Kinh Doanh" (Business Finance), first aired on the morning of August 17, 2020 on VTV1, one of the main anchors, Anh Quang had made a remark: " street vendors, which are considered parasites living on the street " This made the audience misunderstood the content that the editorial team want to convey while the whole reportage is a view of sharing and sympathy with the street vendors who are struggling to make a living during COVID 19 epidemic. On the same newscast two days later, the news anchor apologized to the audience for this serious error. During the weekly segments of "Chuyển Động 24h" (Motion News 24h) first aired on July 31, 2021, on VTV1, the presenter Dương Sơn Lâm caused a fierce controversy among netizens when comparing people's brains in violation of the epidemic prevention and control distance in COVID 19 with reptilian and animal brain. In fact, some viewers quickly realized that the image of the human brain structure used in the show was the image of the Triune brain, which has been scientifically unrecognized since the 1980s. The spotlight reportage of this program is also sometimes controversial among Vietnamese netizens for its multi dimensionality, objectivity and authenticity.

Sites such as https://vtvgo. vn/ show online live broadcasts of VTV channels. The VTV Go app is also available on smart TV devices and smartphones.