Введение
Район в Бруклине, Нью-Йорк.
Морской парк в основном населён представителями таких этнических групп, как итальянские американцы, ирландские американцы, греческие американцы и еврейские американцы. Этот район входит в состав Объединения общественных советов Бруклина №18.
История
Район расположен вокруг ручья Герритсен, самого западного притока залива Ямайка; русло ручья в районе было заключено в коллектор в 1920 году. На протяжении последних 5000 лет океанические течения откладывали полосы песка. Эти пляжные полосы формируют барьер для волн и способствуют процветанию соленых болот:
Gerritsen Creek was a freshwater stream that once extended about twice as far inland as it does today. Around 1920 the creek north of Avenue U was converted into an underground storm drain. Yet it continues to supply the salt marsh with fresh water, which helps the marsh support a wide range of organisms
The area was a hunting and fishing ground for Native Americans from the nearby village of Keshawchqueren. Pits for cooking and preparing food dating from 800 to 1400 AD were uncovered in Marine Park, along with deer and turtle bones, oyster shells, and sturgeon scales. In the 17th century, the Dutch began to settle in the area, which had similarities to the marshland and coastal plains of the Netherlands. The land proved to be fairly good farmland and there was an abundance of clams, oysters, and game from the region as well. Blockquote| Fearing that the relatively pristine marshland around Gerritsen Creek would be destroyed, Frederick B. Pratt and Alfred T. White offered the city in the area for use as a park in 1917. After a seven year delay the City accepted the offer. The prospect of a new park inspired developers to erect new homes in the area and, in the year 1926, form the organization, Marine Park Civic Association, although park improvements were slow to follow. Fill deposited in the marshlands in the 1930s and now land purchases increased the park's area to by 1937. That year the Board of Aldermen named the site Brooklyn Marine Park
In the 18th century, George Washington made a stop for several days on the land nearby. There was a gristmill on the water at the time. As early as 1910, developers began dredging ports within Jamaica Bay in an effort to develop a seaport district there. Although the city allowed several piers to be constructed in 1918, only one was built on the former Barren Island. The pier, which was built in order to receive landfill for the other proposed piers, stretched 1 mile (2 km) northeast and was 700 feet (213 m) wide. In 1931, the city took possession of on the western side of Barren Island. That plot was combined with a tract owned by Kings County to create the park named Marine Park. Urban planner Robert Moses expanded Marine Park in 1935, and the city acquired of land. This comprised the entire island west of Flatbush Avenue. In 1935, the mill burned down to the water level due to vandals, leaving only wood pilings across the water, which can be clearly seen to this day during low tide. In the mid 20th century the area was abused by trash and abandoned cars. At one point it became a landfill and trash piled up to 60 feet (18 m) in certain areas. After a massive cleanup effort in the 1990s the area was restored to its former glory, with exception of a few rusty car parts riddling the area, and teens littering and causing arson to the dry tall Phragmites from time to time.
Ручей Герритсен был пресноводным потоком, который когда-то простирался примерно вдвое дальше вовнутрь, чем сегодня. Около 1920 года участок ручья к северу от проспекта U был превращен в подземный ливневый дренаж. Тем не менее, он продолжает снабжать соленое болото пресной водой, что помогает болоту поддерживать широкий спектр организмов.
Gerritsen Creek was a freshwater stream that once extended about twice as far inland as it does today. Around 1920 the creek north of Avenue U was converted into an underground storm drain. Yet it continues to supply the salt marsh with fresh water, which helps the marsh support a wide range of organisms
The area was a hunting and fishing ground for Native Americans from the nearby village of Keshawchqueren. Pits for cooking and preparing food dating from 800 to 1400 AD were uncovered in Marine Park, along with deer and turtle bones, oyster shells, and sturgeon scales. In the 17th century, the Dutch began to settle in the area, which had similarities to the marshland and coastal plains of the Netherlands. The land proved to be fairly good farmland and there was an abundance of clams, oysters, and game from the region as well. Blockquote| Fearing that the relatively pristine marshland around Gerritsen Creek would be destroyed, Frederick B. Pratt and Alfred T. White offered the city in the area for use as a park in 1917. After a seven year delay the City accepted the offer. The prospect of a new park inspired developers to erect new homes in the area and, in the year 1926, form the organization, Marine Park Civic Association, although park improvements were slow to follow. Fill deposited in the marshlands in the 1930s and now land purchases increased the park's area to by 1937. That year the Board of Aldermen named the site Brooklyn Marine Park
In the 18th century, George Washington made a stop for several days on the land nearby. There was a gristmill on the water at the time. As early as 1910, developers began dredging ports within Jamaica Bay in an effort to develop a seaport district there. Although the city allowed several piers to be constructed in 1918, only one was built on the former Barren Island. The pier, which was built in order to receive landfill for the other proposed piers, stretched 1 mile (2 km) northeast and was 700 feet (213 m) wide. In 1931, the city took possession of on the western side of Barren Island. That plot was combined with a tract owned by Kings County to create the park named Marine Park. Urban planner Robert Moses expanded Marine Park in 1935, and the city acquired of land. This comprised the entire island west of Flatbush Avenue. In 1935, the mill burned down to the water level due to vandals, leaving only wood pilings across the water, which can be clearly seen to this day during low tide. In the mid 20th century the area was abused by trash and abandoned cars. At one point it became a landfill and trash piled up to 60 feet (18 m) in certain areas. After a massive cleanup effort in the 1990s the area was restored to its former glory, with exception of a few rusty car parts riddling the area, and teens littering and causing arson to the dry tall Phragmites from time to time.
Эта местность служила охотничьими и рыболовными угодьями для коренных американцев из близлежащей деревни Кешауккверен. В Морском парке были обнаружены ямы для приготовления и обработки пищи, датируемые 800–1400 годами нашей эры, а также кости оленей и черепах, раковины устриц и чешуя осетров. В XVII веке голландцы начали заселять эту территорию, которая напоминала болотистые земли и прибрежные равнины Нидерландов. Земля оказалась достаточно плодородной, и в регионе было много моллюсков, устриц и дичи. Опасаясь, что нетронутые болота вокруг ручья Герритсен будут уничтожены, Фредерик Б. Пратт и Альфред Т. Уайт предложили городу в 1917 году использовать эту территорию для создания парка. После семилетней задержки город принял предложение. Перспектива нового парка вдохновила застройщиков на возведение новых домов в этом районе, и в 1926 году была создана организация «Общество жителей Морского парка», хотя обустройство парка продвигалось медленно. В 1930-х годах на болотах были насыщены земли, а затем, благодаря покупке дополнительных участков, площадь парка к 1937 году увеличилась. В том же году Совет старейшин назвал эту территорию Бруклинским морским парком.
Gerritsen Creek was a freshwater stream that once extended about twice as far inland as it does today. Around 1920 the creek north of Avenue U was converted into an underground storm drain. Yet it continues to supply the salt marsh with fresh water, which helps the marsh support a wide range of organisms
The area was a hunting and fishing ground for Native Americans from the nearby village of Keshawchqueren. Pits for cooking and preparing food dating from 800 to 1400 AD were uncovered in Marine Park, along with deer and turtle bones, oyster shells, and sturgeon scales. In the 17th century, the Dutch began to settle in the area, which had similarities to the marshland and coastal plains of the Netherlands. The land proved to be fairly good farmland and there was an abundance of clams, oysters, and game from the region as well. Blockquote| Fearing that the relatively pristine marshland around Gerritsen Creek would be destroyed, Frederick B. Pratt and Alfred T. White offered the city in the area for use as a park in 1917. After a seven year delay the City accepted the offer. The prospect of a new park inspired developers to erect new homes in the area and, in the year 1926, form the organization, Marine Park Civic Association, although park improvements were slow to follow. Fill deposited in the marshlands in the 1930s and now land purchases increased the park's area to by 1937. That year the Board of Aldermen named the site Brooklyn Marine Park
In the 18th century, George Washington made a stop for several days on the land nearby. There was a gristmill on the water at the time. As early as 1910, developers began dredging ports within Jamaica Bay in an effort to develop a seaport district there. Although the city allowed several piers to be constructed in 1918, only one was built on the former Barren Island. The pier, which was built in order to receive landfill for the other proposed piers, stretched 1 mile (2 km) northeast and was 700 feet (213 m) wide. In 1931, the city took possession of on the western side of Barren Island. That plot was combined with a tract owned by Kings County to create the park named Marine Park. Urban planner Robert Moses expanded Marine Park in 1935, and the city acquired of land. This comprised the entire island west of Flatbush Avenue. In 1935, the mill burned down to the water level due to vandals, leaving only wood pilings across the water, which can be clearly seen to this day during low tide. In the mid 20th century the area was abused by trash and abandoned cars. At one point it became a landfill and trash piled up to 60 feet (18 m) in certain areas. After a massive cleanup effort in the 1990s the area was restored to its former glory, with exception of a few rusty car parts riddling the area, and teens littering and causing arson to the dry tall Phragmites from time to time.
В XVIII веке Джордж Вашингтон остановился на несколько дней на расположенной поблизости земле. В то время на реке стояла мукомольная мельница. Уже в 1910 году застройщики начали проводить дноуглубительные работы в портах залива Ямайка, стремясь создать там морской порт. Хотя город разрешил строительство нескольких пирсов в 1918 году, только один был построен на бывшем Бесплодном острове. Пирс, построенный для приема грунта для других запланированных пирсов, простирался на 1,6 километра на северо-восток и имел ширину 213 метров. В 1931 году город взял в свое владение участок на западной стороне Бесплодного острова. Этот участок был объединен с участком, принадлежавшим округу Кингс, для создания парка под названием Морской парк. Городской планировщик Роберт Мозес расширил Морской парк в 1935 году, и город приобрел дополнительные земли. Это включало весь остров к западу от проспекта Флатбуш. В 1935 году мельница сгорела до уровня воды из-за вандалов, оставив только деревянные сваи, которые до сих пор хорошо видны во время отлива. В середине XX века эта территория была завалена мусором и брошенными автомобилями. В какой-то момент она превратилась в свалку, где мусор накапливался до 18 метров в высоту в некоторых местах. После масштабной уборки в 1990-х годах территория была восстановлена в прежнем виде, за исключением нескольких ржавых деталей автомобилей, разбросанных по всей местности, и подростков, которые время от времени устраивают поджоги сухих зарослей тростника.
Gerritsen Creek was a freshwater stream that once extended about twice as far inland as it does today. Around 1920 the creek north of Avenue U was converted into an underground storm drain. Yet it continues to supply the salt marsh with fresh water, which helps the marsh support a wide range of organisms
The area was a hunting and fishing ground for Native Americans from the nearby village of Keshawchqueren. Pits for cooking and preparing food dating from 800 to 1400 AD were uncovered in Marine Park, along with deer and turtle bones, oyster shells, and sturgeon scales. In the 17th century, the Dutch began to settle in the area, which had similarities to the marshland and coastal plains of the Netherlands. The land proved to be fairly good farmland and there was an abundance of clams, oysters, and game from the region as well. Blockquote| Fearing that the relatively pristine marshland around Gerritsen Creek would be destroyed, Frederick B. Pratt and Alfred T. White offered the city in the area for use as a park in 1917. After a seven year delay the City accepted the offer. The prospect of a new park inspired developers to erect new homes in the area and, in the year 1926, form the organization, Marine Park Civic Association, although park improvements were slow to follow. Fill deposited in the marshlands in the 1930s and now land purchases increased the park's area to by 1937. That year the Board of Aldermen named the site Brooklyn Marine Park
In the 18th century, George Washington made a stop for several days on the land nearby. There was a gristmill on the water at the time. As early as 1910, developers began dredging ports within Jamaica Bay in an effort to develop a seaport district there. Although the city allowed several piers to be constructed in 1918, only one was built on the former Barren Island. The pier, which was built in order to receive landfill for the other proposed piers, stretched 1 mile (2 km) northeast and was 700 feet (213 m) wide. In 1931, the city took possession of on the western side of Barren Island. That plot was combined with a tract owned by Kings County to create the park named Marine Park. Urban planner Robert Moses expanded Marine Park in 1935, and the city acquired of land. This comprised the entire island west of Flatbush Avenue. In 1935, the mill burned down to the water level due to vandals, leaving only wood pilings across the water, which can be clearly seen to this day during low tide. In the mid 20th century the area was abused by trash and abandoned cars. At one point it became a landfill and trash piled up to 60 feet (18 m) in certain areas. After a massive cleanup effort in the 1990s the area was restored to its former glory, with exception of a few rusty car parts riddling the area, and teens littering and causing arson to the dry tall Phragmites from time to time.
Демография
Морской парк расположен в почтовом индексе 11234, который также включает Милл-Бейсин, Берген-Бич/Джорджтаун и южную часть Флатлендс. Согласно данным переписи населения США 2010 года, совокупное население Джорджтауна, Морского парка, Берген-Бич и Милл-Бейсин составило 45 231 человек, что на 2 291 человек (5,3%) больше, чем 42 940 человек, учтенных в 2000 году. К концу XX века большинство жителей Морского парка были белыми, как и большинство жителей соседних районов, таких как Милл-Бейсин и Берген-Бич. К 2011 году число афроамериканцев в Юго-Восточном Бруклине выросло на 241%, что является самым значительным увеличением среди всех районов города. На тот момент афроамериканское население в этих районах составляло 10,9% от общей численности населения. По данным переписи 2010 года, расовый состав Юго-Восточного Бруклина был следующим: 73,8% (33 399) – белые, 10,9% (4 952) – афроамериканцы, 0,1% (47) – коренные американцы, 5,6% (2 521) – азиаты, 0,0% (7) – жители островов Тихого океана, 0,3% (144) – представители других рас и 1,3% (578) – представители двух или более рас. Испаноязычные или латиноамериканцы любой расы составляли 7,9% (3 583) населения. Данные переписи 2020 года, предоставленные Департаментом городского планирования Нью-Йорка, показали, что в районе Морского парка/Милл-Бейсин/Берген-Бич проживает от 20 000 до 29 999 белых жителей и от 5 000 до 9 999 афроамериканцев, при этом численность латиноамериканского и азиатского населения составляла менее 5 000 человек.
By the end of the 20th century, the majority of Marine Park residents were white, as were most residents of adjacent neighborhoods such as Mill Basin and Bergen Beach. By 2011, the number of black residents in Southeast Brooklyn had risen 241%, the steepest such increase of any area in the city. As of that year, the African American population in these neighborhoods represented 10.9% of the total population. As of the 2010 Census, the racial makeup of Southeast Brooklyn was 73.8% (33,399) White, 10.9% (4,952) African American, 0.1% (47) Native American, 5.6% (2,521) Asian, 0.0% (7) Pacific Islander, 0.3% (144) from other races, and 1.3% (578) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.9% (3,583) of the population. The 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning showed that the Marine Park/Mill Basin/Bergen Beach area has between 20,000 and 29,999 White residents and 5,000 to 9,999 Black residents, meanwhile the Hispanic and Asian populations each were less than 5000 residents.
Полиция и преступность
Морской парк патрулируется 63-м полицейским участком Нью-Йорка. Этот участок также обслуживает районы Берген-Бич, Милл-Бэсин и часть Флатлендс. В 2010 году 63-й участок занял 31-е место по уровню преступности на душу населения среди 69 патрульных участков. Уровень преступности в 63-м участке ниже, чем в 1990-х годах: с 1990 по 2022 год преступления во всех категориях снизились на 82,7%. В 2022 году в участке было зарегистрировано 1 убийство, 10 изнасилований, 114 ограблений, 170 тяжких телесных повреждений, 119 краж со взломом, 537 крупных краж и 135 угонов автомобилей.
Транспортировка
Марин-Парк обслуживается автобусными маршрутами, которые управляются компанией MTA Regional Bus Operations. В этом районе нет станций метро Нью-Йорка, ближайшая из которых – станция Kings Highway в районе Мидвуд. Ближайшей автомагистралью, доступной в этом районе, является Belt Parkway, съезд с Флатбуш-авеню.
Парк
В этом районе также находится общественный парк с тем же названием. Территория парка, состоящая из лугов и соленых болот, окружает самый западный залив бухты Ямайка.