Чаппаква: История и современность американского поселения.

Hamlet and census designated place in New Castle, New York, US

Chappaqua (/'//tʃ//æ//p//ə//k//w//ɑː/ CHAPəkwah) is a hamlet and census designated place in the town of New Castle, in northern Westchester County, New York. It is approximately 30 mile (48 km) north of New York City. The hamlet is served by the Chappaqua station of the Metro North Railroad's Harlem Line. In the New York State Legislature it is within the New York State Assembly's 93rd district and the New York Senate's 40th district. In Congress the village is in New York's 17th District. Chappaqua was founded by a group of Quakers in the 1730s and was the home of Horace Greeley, New York Tribune editor and U. S. congressman. He now names Chappaqua's high school. Many notable people have called Chappaqua home. Leo Esaki, a Japanese physicist, was living in town when he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1973. Since the late 1990s, the 42nd president of the United States, Bill Clinton and the 67th secretary of State, Hillary Clinton have lived there.

In the early 1730s, a group of Quakers moved north from Purchase, New York, to settle in present day Chappaqua. They built their homes on Quaker Road (more recently, Quaker Street) and held their meetings at the home of Abel Weeks. Their meeting house was built in 1753 and still holds weekly meetings each Sunday. The area around the meeting house, known as Old Chappaqua Historic District, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Horace Greeley's home, known as Rehoboth and built by Greeley himself, still stands in Chappaqua. It is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with Chappaqua Railroad Depot and Depot Plaza, Church of Saint Mary the Virgin and Greeley Grove, and the Greeley House. On March 18, 1791, the government of New York decided to split the overly large town of North Castle (jokingly called "the two saddlebags") into two smaller towns, one of which was named New Castle. The border was drawn from the southwest corner of Bedford to the northeast edge of Mount Pleasant. New Castle's borders have remained the same since 1791, except for a small piece of land received from Somers in 1846 and the secession of Mount Kisco in 1978. Chappaqua had great streams such as the Saw Mill River and Roaring Brook. These bodies of water powered mills to crush corn and press oil from beans. The eastern half of Chappaqua was very suitable for farming. The majority of the Quaker settlers of Chappaqua were farmers. The popular farming industry also helped give way to Chappaqua's high milk production. Other popular industries from Chappaqua included shoes, hardware, vinegar, pickles, eyeglasses, and furniture. Many early homes and businesses were demolished in the 1904 Chappaqua tornado. In 1846 when the New York and Harlem Railroad extended through Chappaqua, business became centered on the new train station. These businesses included a hotel, livery stables, a public library, and various stores and small factories. The railroad enabled commuters to travel to New York City and back each day.

According to the 2020 U. S. census, Chappaqua has a total area of 0.45 square miles (1 km2), all land. As delineated for the 2000 census, the CDP of Chappaqua covered a much greater area: 9.44 square miles (24 km2), of which 9.38 square miles (24 km2) was land and 0.06 square miles (0 km2), or 0.64%, was water. Parts of the Chappaqua ZIP Code area are located in the towns of Mount Kisco, New Castle, Mount Pleasant, Yorktown, and Bedford, and the hamlet of Millwood. Parts of the Chappaqua Central School District include homes in other zip codes, such as 10570, the Pleasantville zip code. Chappaqua is accessible from the Saw Mill River Parkway, which runs through Westchester County.

Chappaqua has a vibrant downtown along King Street and South Greeley Avenue. It includes many commercial buildings such as Pizza Station, Little Thai Kitchen, a Bank of America office, and various local hardware shops. South Greeley Avenue is also home to Robert E. Bell Middle school, the Chappaqua Library, and the local police station.

As of the 2010 census, following a major revision to the delineation of its boundaries by the Census Bureau, the population was 1,436. At the 2000 census, with very different census defined boundaries, Chappaqua had a population of 9,468. Note the Chappaqua census designated place is different from the Hamlet of Chappaqua, which has a much higher population as part of the Town of New Castle. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,434 people residing in Chappaqua. According to the 2015 2019 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates, there are 595 housing units and the median household income is $250,000+. The racial makeup of the CDP was 76.1% White alone, 0% Black or African American alone, 0% Native American alone, 22.6% Asian alone, 0% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander alone, 0% some other race alone, and 1.3% from two or more races. According to the 2010 census], the median age was 39 years, with 3.8% of the population under 5, 81.6% 18 and older, and 10% 65 and older. Males had a median income of $207,083 versus $128,750 for females. 0% of families were below the poverty line. 6.6% of people old enough had a high school or equivalent degree of education, 5.8 had some college but no degree, 4% had an associate degree, 37.3% had a bachelor's degree, and 46.3% had a graduate or professional degree. Nationwide, Chappaqua ranks 42nd among the 100 highest income places in the United States (with at least 1,000 households). In 2008, CNNMoney listed Chappaqua fifth in their list of "25 top earning towns." Chappaqua 2007 estimated median household income was $198,000.

Although Chappaqua's crime rate is far below the national average, the area has had a few high profile murders. In 1996, a battle between a lottery winner and his former lover over custody of their 5 year old child resulted in a gun battle; the winner was acquitted of the murder of his former lover on the basis of self defense, and convicted of the shooting of the woman's father. In November 2006 a disbarred attorney drove the body of his severely injured wife to Northern Westchester Hospital, claiming that the couple had been ambushed and shot in the nearby town of Millwood. She died soon after. For over a year, police expressed skepticism about the husband's account and did not rule him out as a suspect. In December 2007 the man was charged with his wife's murder after trying to collect on life insurance policies. Carlos Perez Olivo was convicted October 4, 2008 for the murder of his wife, Peggy Perez Olivo, who had been working as a teaching assistant at Douglas Grafflin Elementary School in Chappaqua.

The international headquarters of Reader's Digest was in Chappaqua. The exterior featured statues of Pegasus. The Chappaqua Friends Meeting House, circa 1753, is the oldest extant Quaker meeting house in Westchester County, and is a contributing property to the Old Chappaqua Historic District. America's first concrete barn was completed by Horace Greeley on his Chappaqua farm in 1856. It was also one of the first concrete buildings ever built in the U. S. Greeley's daughter and son in law later remodeled it into their house and named it Rehoboth. Part of the original structure of one of Horace Greeley's homes is part of the present day New Castle Historical Society. The Shamberg House, designed by Richard Meier, was built in Chappaqua in 1974. A Georgian inspired mansion in Chappaqua served as the shooting location for the 2022 horror film Bodies Bodies Bodies.

Chappaqua downtown includes a farmer's market near the Saw Mill River Pkwy. It boasts a variety of local vegetables and fruits and is open during the spring, summer, and the rest of harvest season.

Small, one room schoolhouses devoid of windows were prevalent in the 1800s. In the Chappaqua region, there were eight such schoolhouses. These small schools prevailed until around 1870, when the Quakers built a large school called the Chappaqua Mountain Institute on Quaker Street. In the year 1885 the school caught fire, and much refurbishing was done, with the addition of two new wings. It was sold in 1908 and the school's property is now owned by Children's Aid.

Emergency medical services and fire protection are provided by volunteer agencies. The Chappaqua Volunteer Ambulance Corps provides basic life support services to most of New Castle, including Chappaqua. The hamlet is protected by the New Castle Police Department, which also provides first response services for medical emergencies. The volunteer based Chappaqua Fire Department, established in 1910, provides firefighting services to the hamlet of Chappaqua. The fire department currently maintains two firehouses in Chappaqua.