Равный доступ к общественным туалетам для женщин и мужчин

Equitable provision of public toilets or men and women
Potty parity is equal or equitable provision of public toilet facilities for females and males within a public space.

Parity may be defined in various ways in relation to facilities in a building. The simplest is as equal floorspace for male and female washrooms. Since men's and boys' bathrooms include urinals, which take up less space than stalls, this still results in more facilities for males. An alternative parity is by number of fixtures within washrooms. However, since females on average spend more time in washrooms more males are able to use more facilities per unit time. More recent parity regulations therefore require more fixtures for females to ensure that the average time spent waiting to use the toilet is the same for females as for males, or to equalise throughputs of male and female toilets.

Women and girls often spend more time in washrooms than men and boys, for both physiological and cultural reasons. The requirement to use a cubicle rather than a urinal means urination takes longer and hand washing must be done more thoroughly. In the 1970s the Committee to End Pay Toilets in America made a similar point: that allowing toilet providers to charge for the use of a cubicle while urinals required no money was unfair to females. Several authors have identified potty parity as a potential rallying issue for feminism, saying all women can identify with it.

The first bathroom for congresswomen in the United States Capitol was opened in 1962. Segregation of toilet facilities by race was outlawed in the United States by the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Provision of disabled access facilities was mandated in federal buildings by the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 and in private buildings by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. In 1973, to protest the lack of female bathrooms at Harvard University, women poured jars of fake urine on the steps of the university's Lowell Hall, a protest Florynce Kennedy thought of and participated in. The first "Restroom Equity" Act in the United States was passed in California in 1989. Facilities for female U. S. senators on the Senate Chamber level were first provided in 1992. In 2011 the U. S. House of Representatives got its first women's bathroom near the chamber (Room H 211 of the U. S. Capitol). It is only open to women lawmakers, not the public. The International Building Code requires range of female to male ratio of toilets depending on the building occupancy. Most occupancies require 1:1 ratio, but Assembly uses can require up to 2:1 ratio of female to male toilets. New York City Council passed a law in 2005 requiring roughly this in all public buildings. U. S. state laws vary between 1:1, 3:2, and 2:1 ratios. and by Ghent University have concluded that properly designed unisex restrooms can reduce waiting times for women. In 2013, the state of California passed bill 1266 ("The School Success and Opportunity Act") requiring provision of facilities consistent with a pupil's gender identity.

Provisions for separate toilets for women workers are found in Section 19 of the Factories Act, 1948; Section 9 of the Plantations Labour Act, 1951; Section 20 of the Mines Act, 1952; Rule 53 of the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Rules, 1971; and Rule 42 of the Inter State Migrant Workmen (RECS) Central Rules, 1980. In 2011 a "Right to Pee" (as called by the media) campaign began in Mumbai, India's largest city. Women, but not men, have to pay to urinate in Mumbai, despite regulations against this practice. Women have also been sexually assaulted while urinating in fields.