Введение
Апленд — боро в округе Делавэр, штат Пенсильвания, США. Аплендом управляет избранный совет из семи членов. Численность населения составляла 3239 человек по данным переписи населения 2010 года, по сравнению с 2974 по переписи населения 2000 года.
География
Упленд расположен в южной части округа Делавэр по координатам (39.856762, 75.379429). Он граничит с тауншипом Честер на западе, с боро Брукхейвен и Парксайд на севере, а на северо-востоке, востоке и юге – с городом Честер. Честер-Крик, приток реки Делавэр, текущий в юго-восточном направлении, образует южную границу боро. Согласно данным Бюро переписи населения США, общая площадь боро составляет , вся территория – суша. В этот период три государства боролись за колониальное господство в прибрежной зоне Средней Атлантики: Нидерланды, Швеция и Англия. Шведское поселение было включено в состав голландской Новой Нидерландии 15 сентября 1655 года. В 1664 году англичане захватили Новую Нидерландию у голландцев. В 1676 году были провозглашены законы герцога Йоркского, которые стали правилами поведения на реке Делавэр, и были учреждены суды, одним из которых был Упленд. К середине 1800-х годов богатый текстильный промышленник Джон Прайс Крозер построил мельницы Upland Mills вдоль Честер-Крик в Упленде. Мельницы производили одежду для армии США и других заказчиков. Боро Упленд был основан 24 мая 1869 года. Особняк Джона П. Крозера II, особняк Джорджа К. Крозера, дом Калеба Пузи, старое главное здание Богословской семинарии Крозера и исторический район мельницы Пузи-Крозер внесены в Национальный реестр исторических мест. Дом Пузи – одно из старейших зданий в Соединенных Штатах, строительство которого было завершено в 1696 году, и одно из немногих сохранившихся зданий, которые, как известно, посетил Уильям Пенн (наряду с Домом собраний квакеров Мерион).
Образование
Жители Апленда закреплены за школьным округом Честер Апленд. Начальная школа на Мейн-стрит является начальной школой в Апленде. Жители также закреплены за средней школой Смедли и старшей школой Честер. Кройзерская теологическая семинария была многоконфессиональным религиозным учебным заведением, построенным в 1858 году богатым промышленником Джоном Прайсом Кройзером. Самым известным её студентом был Мартин Лютер Кинг-младший, который окончил её в 1951 году со степенью бакалавра богословия. В 1970 году семинария была перенесена в Рочестер, штат Нью-Йорк, в результате слияния, в результате которого была образована теологическая школа Колгейт-Рочестер-Кройзер. Старое главное здание Кройзерской теологической семинарии было внесено в Национальный реестр исторических мест в 1973 году. Территория семинарии является частью Арборетума Кройзера, а старое главное здание входит в состав Медицинского центра Кройзера-Честера.
Демография
По данным переписи населения 2010 года, расовый состав округа составлял 51,3% белых, 41,3% афроамериканцев, 0,3% коренных американцев, 0,8% азиатов, 0,1% коренных гавайцев и жителей островов Тихого океана, 2,4% представители других рас и 3,8% представители двух или более рас. Испанцы или латиноамериканцы любой расы составляли 5,8% населения.
As of the 2000 census, of 2000, there were 2,977 people, 1,116 households, and 765 families residing in the borough. The population density was There were 1,216 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the borough was 77.23% White, 19.68% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.81% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.08% of the population. There were 1,116 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.7% were married couples living together, 20.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.28. In the borough, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males. The median income for a household in the borough was $28,869, and the median income for a family was $35,640. Males had a median income of $31,188 versus $26,723 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $15,391. About 20.1% of families and 25.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.3% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.
По данным переписи населения 2000 года, в округе проживало 2977 человек, 1116 домохозяйств и 765 семей. Плотность населения составляла [данные о плотности населения отсутствуют в оригинальном тексте]. Имелось 1216 единиц жилья при средней плотности [данные о плотности жилья отсутствуют в оригинальном тексте]. Расовый состав округа составлял 77,23% белых, 19,68% афроамериканцев, 0,30% коренных американцев, 0,34% азиатов, 0,81% представители других рас и 1,65% представители двух или более рас. Испанцы или латиноамериканцы любой расы составляли 2,08% населения.
As of the 2000 census, of 2000, there were 2,977 people, 1,116 households, and 765 families residing in the borough. The population density was There were 1,216 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the borough was 77.23% White, 19.68% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.81% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.08% of the population. There were 1,116 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.7% were married couples living together, 20.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.28. In the borough, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males. The median income for a household in the borough was $28,869, and the median income for a family was $35,640. Males had a median income of $31,188 versus $26,723 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $15,391. About 20.1% of families and 25.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.3% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.
В 1116 домохозяйствах 33,3% имели детей в возрасте до 18 лет, 42,7% были супружескими парами, проживающими вместе, в 20,4% домохозяйств главой семьи была женщина, не имеющая мужа, а 31,4% не являлись семьями. 26,7% всех домохозяйств состояли из отдельных лиц, а 12,3% имели проживающего в одиночестве человека в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Средний размер домохозяйства составлял 2,67 человека, а средний размер семьи – 3,28 человека.
As of the 2000 census, of 2000, there were 2,977 people, 1,116 households, and 765 families residing in the borough. The population density was There were 1,216 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the borough was 77.23% White, 19.68% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.81% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.08% of the population. There were 1,116 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.7% were married couples living together, 20.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.28. In the borough, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males. The median income for a household in the borough was $28,869, and the median income for a family was $35,640. Males had a median income of $31,188 versus $26,723 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $15,391. About 20.1% of families and 25.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.3% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.
В округе население было распределено по возрасту следующим образом: 28,7% – лица младше 18 лет, 8,3% – от 18 до 24 лет, 27,9% – от 25 до 44 лет, 20,2% – от 45 до 64 лет и 14,9% – в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Средний возраст составлял 35 лет. На каждые 100 женщин приходилось 89,0 мужчин. На каждые 100 женщин в возрасте 18 лет и старше приходилось 84,3 мужчины.
As of the 2000 census, of 2000, there were 2,977 people, 1,116 households, and 765 families residing in the borough. The population density was There were 1,216 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the borough was 77.23% White, 19.68% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.81% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.08% of the population. There were 1,116 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.7% were married couples living together, 20.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.28. In the borough, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males. The median income for a household in the borough was $28,869, and the median income for a family was $35,640. Males had a median income of $31,188 versus $26,723 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $15,391. About 20.1% of families and 25.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.3% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.
Средний доход домохозяйства в округе составлял 28 869 долларов, а средний доход семьи – 35 640 долларов. Средний доход мужчин составлял 31 188 долларов, а средний доход женщин – 26 723 доллара. Доход на душу населения в округе составлял 15 391 доллар. Около 20,1% семей и 25,1% населения проживали за чертой бедности, в том числе 46,3% лиц младше 18 лет и 6,9% лиц в возрасте 65 лет и старше.
As of the 2000 census, of 2000, there were 2,977 people, 1,116 households, and 765 families residing in the borough. The population density was There were 1,216 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the borough was 77.23% White, 19.68% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.81% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.08% of the population. There were 1,116 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.7% were married couples living together, 20.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.28. In the borough, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males. The median income for a household in the borough was $28,869, and the median income for a family was $35,640. Males had a median income of $31,188 versus $26,723 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $15,391. About 20.1% of families and 25.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.3% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.
Транспортировка
По состоянию на 2014 год в Апленде насчитывалось 9,88 мили (16 км) общественных дорог, из которых 2,38 мили (4 км) содержались Департаментом транспорта Пенсильвании (PennDOT), а 7,50 мили (12 км) – администрацией боро. Межштатная автомагистраль 95 является основной автомагистралью, обслуживающей Апленд; части транспортной развязки 6 расположены в пределах боро.
Другие источники
Джордан, Джон У. История округа Делавэр, Пенсильвания (Lewis Historical Publishing Company, Нью-Йорк, 1914)
Уорд, Кристофер Л. Новая Швеция на Делавэре (Филадельфия: Издательство Пенсильванского университета, 1938)
Армстронг, Эдвард; Денни, Уильям Х. Акты суда в Апленде, Пенсильвания. 1676–1681 (Kessinger Publishing, 2007)
Ward, Christopher L. New Sweden on the Delaware (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1938)
Armstrong, Edward; William H. Denny The Record of the Court at Upland, in Pennsylvania. 1676 to 1681 (Kessinger Pub Company. 2007)