Роберт Юджин Маршак: Жизнь и научная деятельность

American physicist (1916–1992)

Robert Eugene Marshak (October 11, 1916 – December 23, 1992) was an American physicist, educator, and eighth president of the City College of New York.

Marshak was born in the Bronx, New York City. His parents, Harry and Rose Marshak, were immigrants from Minsk. He went to the City College of New York for one semester and then "received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University." In 1939, Marshak received his Ph. D. from Cornell University. Along with his thesis advisor, Hans Bethe, he discovered many of the fusion aspects involved in star formation. This helped him on his work for the Manhattan Project, in Los Alamos, during World War II. Following the war, Marshak joined the University of Rochester Department of Physics, becoming head of the department in 1950. In 1947, at the Shelter Island Conference, Marshak presented his two meson hypothesis about the pi meson, which were discovered shortly thereafter. Three years later, Marshak established the Rochester Conference while chair of the University of Rochester's physics department. This later became known as the International Conference on High Energy Physics. Similarly, Richard Feynman learned about the theory from a discussion with Marshak in a conference. Feynman acknowledged Marshak and Sudarshan's contribution in 1963 stating that the V A theory was discovered by Sudarshan and Marshak and publicized by Gell Mann and himself. Marshak was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1958, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1961, and the American Philosophical Society in 1983. In 1970, Marshak left Rochester to become president of the City College of New York. He left to become university distinguished professor at Virginia Tech, retiring in 1991. The next year he served as the president of the American Physical Society, previously having served on its council (1965 1969), as chairman of its Division of Particles and Fields (1969 1970), and as vice president. Marshak died by accidental drowning in Cancún, Mexico.

Marshak, Robert E. (1952). Meson Physics. New York: McGraw Hill. Marshak, Robert E.; Radha, T. K.; Raman, K. (1963?) Theory of Weak Interactions of Elementary Particles. Matscience report no. 10. Madras: Institute of Mathematical Sciences. Marshak, Robert E.; Blaker, J. Warren; Bethe, Hans A.; et al. (1966). Perspectivies in Modern Physics: Essays in Honor of Hans A. Bethe on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, July 1966. New York: Interscience Publishers. Marshak, Robert E.; Riazuddin; Ryan, Ciaran P. (1969). Theory of Weak Interactions in Particle Physics. New York: Wiley Interscience. Marshak, Robert E.; Wurtemburg, Gladys (1982). Academic Renewal in the 1970s : Memoirs of a City College President. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America. Marshak, Robert E. (1993). Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics. Singapore: World Scientific.

Henley, Ernest M.; Lustig, Harry (1999). Robert Eugene Marshak, 1916 1992. Washington, D. C.: National Academies Press. Sudarshan, E. C. G.; et al. (1995). A Gift of Prophecy: Essays in Celebration of the Life of Robert Eugene Marshak. Singapore: World Scientific, 1995.