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Содержание
Введение
Фигурка персонажа – это подвижная модель персонажа, чаще всего изготавливаемая из пластика и обычно основанная на персонажах из фильмов, комиксов, военных тематик, видеоигр или телепередач – вымышленных или исторических. Эти фигурки обычно продаются мальчикам и взрослым коллекционерам. Термин был придуман компанией Hasbro в 1964 году для продвижения G. I. Joe среди мальчиков (в то время как конкуренты называли подобные товары куклами для мальчиков). Согласно исследованию, проведенному в Швеции в 2005 году, фигурки, демонстрирующие традиционные мужские черты, в основном ориентированы на мальчиков. Хотя чаще всего фигурки продаются как детские игрушки, они получили широкое признание как коллекционные предметы для взрослых. В этом случае предмет может быть произведен и разработан с расчетом на то, что он будет куплен исключительно для демонстрации в качестве коллекционного экземпляра, а не для игры, как с детской игрушкой.
Character toy figurine made commonly of plastic
An action figure is a poseable character model figure made most commonly of plastic, and often based upon characters from a film, comic book, military, video game or television program; fictional or historical. These figures are usually marketed toward boys and adult collectors. The term was coined by Hasbro in 1964 to market G. I. Joe to boys (while competitors called similar offerings boy's dolls). According to a 2005 study in Sweden, action figures which display traditional masculine traits primarily target boys. While most commonly marketed as a child's toy, the action figure has gained widespread acceptance as collector item for adults. In such a case, the item may be produced and designed on the assumption it will be bought solely for display as a collectible and not played with like a child's toy.
Прекурсоры
Членчатые куклы известны как минимум со 200 года до н.э., о чем свидетельствуют глиняные и деревянные куклы с шарнирами из Древней Греции и Рима. Многие типы артикулированных фигур датируются ранним Новым временем, включая манекены художников и японскую куклу итимацу. Современная кукла с шаровыми сочленениями была впервые создана в Западной Европе в конце XIX века. С конца XIX века и до начала XX века французские и немецкие производители делали куклы из бисквита с натянутыми телами, сочленёнными с помощью шаровых соединений из композита: смеси бумажной массы, опилок, клея и подобных материалов. Эти куклы могли иметь различный размер и сейчас являются ценными предметами коллекционирования. Помимо членчатых кукол, важным предшественником фигурок действия является игрушечный солдатик. Военные фигурки были найдены в древнеегипетских гробницах и встречались в различных культурах и эпохах. Оловянные солдатики начали производиться в Германии уже в 1730-х годах путём отливки металла между двумя пластинами сланца. С развитием промышленности и спроса совершенствовались и методы производства: начиная с 1890-х годов стали использовать литьё полыми формами, а к 1950-м годам широко распространились фигурки из полиэтилена. Рынок игрушечных солдатиков, получивший широкое распространение благодаря своей истории и методам массового производства, стал естественной средой для фигурок действия военной тематики. Одной из первых игрушек, напоминающих современные фигурки действия, был "Цирк Хэмпи-Дампти" Альберта Шёнхута, выпущенный в 1904 году, в котором фигурировали шарнирные деревянные фигурки, взаимодействующие с различными механизмами.
Articulated dolls go back to at least 200 BCE, with articulated clay and wooden dolls of ancient Greece and Rome. Many types of articulated figures date to the early modern period, including the artists' mannequin and the Japanese ichimatsu doll. The modern ball jointed doll was first created in Western Europe in the late 19th century. From the late 19th century through the early 20th century French and German manufacturers made bisque dolls with strung bodies articulated with ball joints made of composition: a mix of pulp, sawdust, glue and similar materials. These dolls could measure between and are now collectible antiques. Besides the articulated doll, another important precursor to the action figure is the toy soldier. Military figures have been found in ancient Egyptian tombs, and have appeared in many cultures and eras. Tin soldiers were produced in Germany as early as the 1730s, by molding the metal between two pieces of slate. As industry and demand advanced, so did production methods, with hollow casting first being utilized in the 1890s and polyethylene figures becoming common by the 1950s. The toy soldier market, ubiquitous thanks to its history and mass production methods, would therefore become a natural home for the military themed action figure. One of the earliest toys to bear resemblance to modern action figures is Albert Schoenhut's "Humpy Dumpty Circus", released in 1904, which featured articulated wooden figures interacting with various devices.
1960-е - 1970-е годы
Термин "акционная фигурка" был придуман компанией Hasbro в 1964 году, чтобы продавать свою фигурку G. I. Joe мальчикам, которые отказывались играть с "куклами" – термином, который в основном ассоциировался с игрушками для девочек. (Похожая игрушка под названием Johnny Hero была представлена компанией Rosko Industries для Sears в 1965 году, но называлась "Кукла для мальчиков", поскольку термин "акционная фигурка" к тому времени еще не получил широкого распространения.) G. I. Joe изначально представлял собой военную фигурку высотой 11,5 дюймов, предложенную маркетологом и генератором идей для игрушек Стэном Уэстоном. Она отличалась сменной одеждой с различными униформами для разных целей. В стремлении создать глобальную популярность для этого типа игрушек, Hasbro также лицензировала продукт компаниям на других рынках. У этих различных лицензиатов были комбинации униформ и аксессуаров, которые обычно были идентичны тем, что производились для американского рынка компанией Hasbro, а также некоторые наборы, уникальные для местного рынка. Японцы имели как минимум два примера, когда лицензиат Hasbro также выдавал сублицензии на сопутствующие товары. Например, Palitoy (в Великобритании) выдала сублицензию компании Tsukuda (Япония) на производство и продажу аксессуаров Action Man от Palitoy на японском рынке. Компания Takara также выдала сублицензию компании Medicom на производство фигурок. Takara, все еще имевшая лицензию от Hasbro на производство и продажу игрушек G. I. Joe в Японии, также изготовила фигурку, включающую лицензированный торс G. I. Joe для Henshin Cyborg 1, используя прозрачный пластик, обнажающий кибернетические внутренности, а также хромированную голову и кибернетические ноги. Во время нефтяного кризиса 1970-х годов, как и многие другие производители фигурок, Takara испытывала трудности с затратами, связанными с производством больших 11,5-дюймовых фигурок. Поэтому была разработана меньшая версия игрушки-киборга ростом в , и она впервые поступила в продажу в 1974 году под названием Microman. Линейка Microman была новаторской в использовании взаимозаменяемых деталей. Это заложило основу как для меньшего размера фигурок, так и для трансформирующихся игрушек-роботов. Takara начала создавать персонажей в линейке Microman с все более выраженными роботизированными чертами, включая Robotman – робота с местом для пилота Microman, и Mini Robotman – уменьшенную версию Robotman. Эти игрушки также отличались взаимозаменяемыми деталями, с акцентом на трансформацию и комбинирование персонажей. В 1971 году Mego начала лицензировать и производить американские фигурки супергероев из комиксов Marvel и DC, которые имели огромный коммерческий успех и сегодня считаются многими взрослыми ценными коллекционными предметами. В конечном итоге они привезли линейку игрушек Microman в Соединенные Штаты под названием Micronauts, но Mego в конечном итоге потеряла контроль над рынком после того, как в 1976 году потеряла лицензию на производство игрушек Star Wars в пользу Kenner. Огромный успех линейки игрушек Kenner "Звездные войны" сделал новую, меньшую фигурку с отлитой одеждой отраслевым стандартом. Вместо одного персонажа с нарядами, меняющимися для разных целей, в линейки игрушек входили команды персонажей со специальными функциями. Благодаря продажам, связанным с "Звездными войнами", коллекционные фигурки быстро стали многомиллионным дополнительным бизнесом для киностудий. С 1972 по 1986 год Mattel производила известную линейку фигурок Big Jim.
The term "action figure" was coined by Hasbro in 1964, to market their G. I. Joe figure to boys who refused to play with "dolls", a term primarily associated as a girl's toy. (A similar toy named Johnny Hero was introduced by Rosko Industries for Sears in 1965, but was known as a "Boy's Doll" since the term action figure had not gained widespread usage at that point.) G. I. Joe was initially a military themed 11.5 inch figure proposed by marketing and toy idea man Stan Weston. It featured changeable clothes with various uniforms to suit different purposes. In a move that would create global popularity for this type of toy, Hasbro also licensed the product to companies in other markets. These different licensees had a combination of uniforms and accessories that were usually identical to the ones manufactured for the US market by Hasbro, along with some sets that were unique to the local market. The Japanese had at least two examples where a Hasbro licensee also issued sublicenses for related products. For example, Palitoy (in the UK) issued a sublicense to Tsukuda, a company in Japan, to manufacture and sell Palitoy's Action Man accessories in the Japanese market. Takara also issued a sublicense to Medicom for the manufacture of action figures. Takara, still under license by Hasbro to make and sell G. I. Joe toys in Japan, also manufactured an action figure incorporating the licensed GI Joe torso for Henshin Cyborg 1, using transparent plastic revealing cyborg innards, and a chrome head and cyborg feet. During the oil supply crisis of the 1970s, like many other manufacturers of action figures, Takara was struggling with the costs associated with making the large 11 1/2 inch figures, So, a smaller version of the cyborg toy was developed, standing at high, and was first sold in 1974 as Microman. The Microman line was also novel in its use of interchangeable parts. This laid the foundation for both the smaller action figure size and the transforming robot toy. Takara began producing characters in the Microman line with increasingly robotic features, including Robotman, a robot with room for a Microman pilot, and Mini Robotman, a version of Robotman. These toys also featured interchangeable parts, with emphasis placed on the transformation and combination of the characters. In 1971, Mego began licensing and making American Marvel and DC comic book superhero figures, which had highly successful sales and are considered highly collectible by many adults today. They eventually brought the Microman toy line to the United States as the Micronauts, but Mego eventually lost control of the market after losing the license to produce Star Wars toys to Kenner in 1976. The widespread success of Kenner's Star Wars toy line made the newer, smaller size figure with molded on clothing the industry standard. Instead of a single character with outfits that changed for different applications, toy lines included teams of characters with special functions. Led by Star Wars themed sales, collectible action figures quickly became a multimillion dollar secondary business for movie studios. From 1972 to 1986 there was a famous line of Big Jim action figures produced by Mattel.
1980-е - 1990-е годы
В 1980-х годах появилось множество популярных линеек фигурок, многие из которых были основаны на мультсериалах, являвшихся одним из крупнейших маркетинговых инструментов для компаний-производителей игрушек. Среди самых успешных – Masters of the Universe, G.I. Joe, Thundercats, The Real Ghostbusters и Super Powers Collection, и это лишь некоторые из них. В начале десятилетия растущая популярность японских аниме о роботах, таких как Gundam, побудила Takara переосмыслить линейку Microman как Micro Robots, перейдя от концепции фигурок-киборгов к концепции живых роботов. Это привело к созданию линейки игрушек Micro Change: предметы, которые могли "трансформироваться" в роботов. В 1984 году Hasbro лицензировала Micro Change и другую линейку Takara – трансформирующиеся автомобили Diaclone – и объединила их в США под названием Transformers, породив продолжающуюся и по сей день серию мультфильмов. К концу 80-х годов становилось все больше коллекционеров, которые скупали игрушки, чтобы хранить их в оригинальной упаковке для демонстрации и дальнейшего коллекционирования. Это привело к перенасыщению рынка экшн-фигурок. Одна из самых популярных линеек фигурок конца 1980-х и начала 1990-х годов – Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles – производилась в таких огромных количествах, что стоимость большинства фигурок никогда не превышала нескольких долларов. В середине 1990-х годов появилась новая линейка фигурок Star Wars, а полки магазинов игрушек заполонили фигурки Spawn, доказав, что экшн-фигурки – это уже не только игрушки для детей. В это время в Англии были популярны фигурки Corinthian, изображающие футболистов. Начиная с 1997 года, журнал ToyFare стал популярным чтением для серьезных коллекционеров, предлагая новости и обращаясь к ностальгии с юмористическим подходом. А с ростом популярности Интернета такие сайты, как Toy News International, вскоре стали предоставлять информацию о предстоящих коллекционных фигурках и товарах. В этот период популярные персонажи все чаще получали фигурки в специализированных костюмах и в различных вариантах исполнения. Бэтмен быстро стал наиболее известен этим (например, Арктический Бэтмен, Бэтмен с пираньевым клинком, Бэтмен в неоновой броне). Эти варианты часто составляли основу многих линеек фигурок, вместо отдельных персонажей, и нередко использовались старые формы для фигурок и аксессуаров. Фигурки и аксессуары, светящиеся в темноте, также стали популярны в начале 90-х годов с такими линейками, как Toxic Crusaders и Swamp Thing. Исследование 1999 года показало, что "фигурки со временем стали гораздо более мускулистыми, и многие современные фигурки значительно превосходят по мускулистости даже самых крупных бодибилдеров", и что меняющиеся культурные ожидания, отраженные в этих изменениях, могут способствовать расстройствам восприятия тела у обоих полов.
The 1980s spawned all sorts of popular action figure lines, many based on cartoon series, which were one of the largest marketing tools for toy companies. Some of the most successful to come about were Masters of the Universe, G. I. Joe, Thundercats, The Real Ghostbusters and Super Powers Collection, to name just a few. Early in the decade, the burgeoning popularity of Japanese robot anime such as Gundam also encouraged Takara to reinvent the Microman line as the Micro Robots, moving from the cyborg action figure concept to the concept of the living robot. This led to the Micro Change line of toys: objects that could "transform" into robots. In 1984, Hasbro licensed Micro Change and another Takara line, the Diaclone transforming cars, and combined them in the US as the Transformers, spawning a still continuing family of animated cartoons. As the '80s were ending, more and more collectors started to surface, buying up the toys to keep in their original packaging for display purposes and for future collectability. This led to flooding of the action figure toy market. One of the most popular action figure lines of the late 1980s and early 1990s, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles action figures were produced in such high quantities that the value for most figures would never be higher than a few dollars. In the mid 1990s, a new Star Wars figure line had surfaced and Spawn figures flooded the toy store shelves, proving action figures were not just for kids anymore. Corinthian Figures of association football players were popular in England during this time. Beginning in 1997, ToyFare magazine would become a popular read for mature collectors in providing news and embracing nostalgia with a comedic twist. And with the gaining popularity of the Internet, websites such as Toy News International would soon offer information on upcoming collectible figures and merchandise. It was during this time that popular characters were increasingly getting specialized costume and variant figures. Batman quickly became most notorious for this (i. e. Arctic Batman, Piranha Blade Batman, Neon Armor Batman). Rather than individual characters, these variants would make up the bulk of many action figure lines and often make use of the old figure and accessory molds. Glow in the dark figures and accessories also became popular in the early '90s with lines like Toxic Crusaders and Swamp Thing. A 1999 study found that "the figures have grown much more muscular over time, with many contemporary figures far exceeding the muscularity of even the largest human bodybuilders" and that the changing cultural expectations reflected by those changes may contribute to body image disorders in both sexes.
2000-е годы и далее
Рынок коллекционных фигурок для взрослых расширился благодаря таким компаниям, как McFarlane Toys, Palisades и NECA. Эти компании впервые создали высокодетализированные фигурки множества персонажей кино, музыкантов и спортсменов. Фигурки из серии "Cinema of Fear" продавались вместе с мягкими игрушками, диорамами, имитирующими кадры из фильмов ("screen grabs"), и лимитированными сериями игрушек, основанными на хоррор-франшизе New Line Cinema. Такие фигурки в основном предназначены для демонстрации в качестве статуэток, а не для игр. Однако детские линейки, такие как возрождение "Masters of the Universe" и "Justice League Unlimited", также привлекают взрослых коллекционеров. Компании, выпускающие комиксы, также могут заказывать производство фигурок своих персонажей, независимо от того, появлялись ли они в фильмах или мультсериалах. Примеры компаний, которые производят фигурки и сопутствующие товары, ориентированные почти исключительно на комиксы, включают Toy Biz и DC Direct. Линейки фигурок, ориентированные на взрослых, часто являются эксклюзивными для определенных сетей магазинов, а не для массовой розничной торговли. Популярные линейки часто предлагают фигурки, доступные исключительно по почте или на комик-конах, что значительно повышает их ценность. Компании-производители игрушек также использовали такие приемы, как "ошибки" в упаковке и выпуск фигурок ограниченным тиражом ("short packed"), чтобы повысить интерес коллекционеров.
The adult collector market for action figures expanded with companies such as McFarlane Toys, Palisades, and NECA. These companies have given numerous movie characters, musicians, and athletes their very first highly detailed figures. The Cinema of Fear action figures were sold together with plush dolls, "screen grab" dioramas, and limited edition toys based on New Line Cinema's horror franchise. These kinds of action figure are mainly intended as statuesque display pieces rather than toys. Child oriented lines such as the Masters of the Universe revival and Justice League Unlimited, however, still evoke adult collector followings as well. Comic book firms are also able to get figures of their characters produced, regardless of whether or not they appeared in movies or animated cartoons. Examples of companies that produce comic figures and merchandise almost exclusively include Toy Biz and DC Direct. Adult oriented figure lines are often exclusive to specific chain stores rather than mass retail. Popular lines often have figures available exclusively through mail in offers and comic conventions, which raises their value significantly. Ploys such as packaging "errors" and "short packed" figures have also been used by toy companies to increase collector interest.
Сырье
Для создания прототипа используется пластилин и различные инструменты для лепки. Сама фигурка отливается из более твердого пластика, например, акрилонитрилбутадиенстирола (ABS). Для элементов костюма, включая облегающие костюмы, плащи и маски, могут применяться более мягкие пластики и нейлон. Для декорирования фигурки можно использовать акриловые краски различных цветов. В более сложных игрушках могут быть установлены миниатюрные электронные компоненты, создающие световые и звуковые эффекты.
Modelling clay and various sculpting tools are used to create the prototype. The actual figure is molded from a harder plastic resin such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Softer plastics and nylon may be used for costume components including body suits, capes, and face masks. Acrylic paints of various colors may be used to decorate the figure. More elaborate toys may contain miniature electronic components that provide light and sound effects.
Конструкции
После того, как персонаж выбран, начинается фактический процесс разработки, с эскизов задуманной фигуры. Следующим шагом является создание глиняного прототипа, однако для прототипирования могут использоваться и другие материалы, такие как воск. Эта модель создается путем сгибания алюминиевой проволоки для формирования каркаса фигуры, известного как арматура. Проволочный каркас включает в себя очертания рук и ног, расположенных в общей позе, которую примет фигура. Затем скульптор добавляет глину к арматуре, чтобы придать ей желаемый вес и форму. В процессе прототипирования глину можно слегка обжечь для затвердевания. Далее скульптор использует различные инструменты, например, проволочную петлю, для вырезания и придания формы деталям фигуры. После создания основной формы скульптор может отделить руки и работать над ними отдельно для последующего присоединения. Это дает скульптору больший контроль и позволяет создавать более тонкие детали на прототипе. С помощью затупленных инструментов скульптор формирует тело с желаемым уровнем детализации. В ходе этого процесса используются фотографии и эскизы в качестве референсов, чтобы обеспечить максимальную реалистичность фигуры. Некоторые скульпторы даже используют живые модели для ориентира в своей работе. Когда общая форма тела завершена, скульптор добавляет мелкие детали, уделяя особое внимание глазам, носу и рту, которые придают фигуре живое выражение. Дизайнер может временно прикрепить к основной фигуре груду глины в качестве головы, пока настоящая голова создается на отдельной арматуре. Это позволяет скульптору завершить выражение лица фигуры независимо от тела. На этом этапе готовую голову можно прикрепить к основной арматуре и соединить с телом дополнительной глиной. После присоединения головы скульптор моделирует шею и волосы, чтобы они гармонично сочетались с фигурой. Затем, в зависимости от дизайна фигуры, костюм может быть вылеплен непосредственно на теле. Однако, если впоследствии планируется добавить тканевый костюм или униформу, прототип создается без каких-либо деталей костюма. В процессе работы части глины могут быть покрыты алюминиевой фольгой, чтобы предотвратить их преждевременное высыхание. Когда все готово, фигуру обжигают для затвердевания глины. Затем скульптурный прототип отправляется на утверждение производителю. После окончательной доработки всех деталей дизайна прототип используется для создания форм, по которым будут отливаться пластиковые детали для массового производства фигуры. Весь процесс скульптинга может занять около двух недель, в зависимости от мастерства и скорости скульптора. Этот процесс может быть повторен несколько раз, если потребуется внести изменения в фигуру. На этот этап разработки обычно отводится несколько месяцев.
Once the character has been selected, the actual design process begins with sketches of the proposed figure. The next step is the creation of a clay prototype, but other materials such as wax can also be used for the prototype. This model is made by bending aluminum wires to form the backbone of the figure, known as an armature. The wire form includes the outline of the arms and legs posed in the general stance that the figure will assume. The sculptor then adds clay to the armature to give the basic weight and shape that is desired. The clay may be baked slightly during the prototyping process to harden it. Then, the sculptor uses various tools, such as a wire loop, to carve the clay and shape details on the figure. After creating the basic form, the sculptor may choose to remove the arms and work on them separately for later attachment. This gives the sculptor more control and allows him to produce finer details on the prototype. Working with blunt tools, the sculptor shapes the body with as much detail as is desired. During this process, photo and sketch references are used to ensure the figure is as realistic as possible. Some sculptors may even use human models to guide their design work. After the general body shape is complete, the sculptor adds the finer details, paying close attention to the eyes, nose, and mouth that give the figure its lifelike expression. The designer may attach a rough lump of clay on the main figure as a temporary head while the real head is sculpted on a separate armature. This allows the sculptor to finish the figure's facial expressions independently of the body. At this point, the finished head can be attached to the main armature and joined to the body with additional clay. Once the head is attached, the neck and hair are sculpted to properly fit to the figure. Then, depending on the design of the figure, the costume may be sculpted directly onto the body. However, if a cloth costume or uniform will be added later, the prototype is sculpted without any costume details. During this process, parts of the clay may be covered with aluminum foil to keep it from prematurely drying out. Once everything is completed, the entire figure is baked to harden the clay. The sculpted prototype is then sent for approval to the manufacturer. Once all design details have been finalized, the prototype is used to make the molds that will form the plastic pieces for the mass produced figure. The entire sculpting process may take about two weeks, depending on the skill and speed of the sculptor. This process may be repeated several times if revisions must be made to the figure. Several months are typically allowed for this design phase.
Масштаб
Фигурки действия выпускаются в фиксированных масштабах для обеспечения совместимости внутри (и иногда между) линеек игрушек. Соотношение Дюймов в футе Размер Примеры 1:32 0,375" [9,5 мм] 2,125" [54 мм] 2,12 дюйма HASBRO «Звёздные войны: Развязанные» – солдатики, пластиковые фигурки Wm. Britain Ltd., фигурки домашних животных и транспортные средства. 1:30 0,4" [10,16 мм] 2,36" [60 мм] Используется для детализированных металлических солдатиков (King & Country, BlackHawk, Wm. Britain Ltd.). 1:24 0,5" [12,7 мм] 2,5" [63,5 мм] 2,5-дюймовые мини-фигурки (Playskool и Star Wars: Galactic Heroes от Hasbro). Также называется масштабом 1/2 дюйма для детских кукольных домиков. 1:18 0,67" [16,93 мм] 3,75" [95,25 мм] 3,75-дюймовые фигурки (Kenner Star Wars, Hasbro G. I. Joe: A Real American Hero, Mattel Jurassic World). Также называется масштабом 2/3 дюйма для детских кукольных домиков. 1:16 0,75" [19,05 мм] 4" [101,6 мм] 4-дюймовые фигурки. Также используется для большинства пластиковых фигурок животных и игрушечных ферм Ertl (животные, строения и большинство транспортных средств). Транспортные средства для 3,75-дюймовых фигурок G. I. Joe от Hasbro ближе к этому масштабу. 1:15 0,8" [20,32 мм] 5" [127 мм] 5-дюймовые фигурки (Kenner Jurassic Park, Bandai Power Rangers). 1:12 1" [25,40 мм] 6" [152,4 мм] 6-дюймовые фигурки (Toy Biz Marvel Legends, Hasbro Marvel Cinematic Universe, Playmates Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles и DC Direct Action Figures). Также используется для моделей лошадей «классического масштаба» и называется масштабом 1 дюйм для кукольных домиков. 1:10 1,2" [30,48 мм] 7" [177,8 мм] 7-дюймовые фигурки (Mattel «классический масштаб» He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, DC Universe и большинство фигурок NECA). 1:9 1,33" [33,87 мм] 8" [203,2 мм] 8-дюймовые фигурки и куклы (Mego World's Greatest Super Heroes). Также используется для моделей лошадей «традиционного масштаба». 1:6 2" [50,80 мм] 12" [304,8 мм] 12-дюймовые шарнирные фигурки. Фигурки, такие как Hasbro «классический масштаб» G. I. Joe, Dragon Models New Generation Life Action Figures и Hot Toys Movie Masterpiece Series. Модные куклы, такие как Barbie от Mattel или Dollfie от Volks. Также используется для статичных фигурок (обычно персонажей аниме). 1:4 3" [76,20 мм] 18" [457 мм] 18-дюймовые высокодетализированные большие фигурки и модные куклы. 1:3 4" [101,60 мм] 24" [609,6 мм] 24-дюймовые высокоподвижные большие куклы с шарнирными соединениями (Volks Super Dollfie).
Action Figures come in fixed scales to allow compatibility within (and sometimes between) toy ranges. Ratio Inches per foot Size Examples 1:32 0.375" [9.5 mm] 2.125" [54 mm] 2.12 inch HASBRO Star Wars: Unleashed toy soldiers and Wm. Britain Ltd. plastic figures, farm animals and vehicles. 1:30 0.4" [10.16 mm] 2.36" [60 mm] Used for detailed metal toy soldiers (King & Country, BlackHawk, Wm. Britain). 1:24 0.5" [12.7 mm] 2.5" [63.5 mm] 2.5 inch mini Action Figures (Hasbro's Playskool and Star Wars: Galactic Heroes). Also called 1/2 inch scale for children's dollhouses. 1:18 0.67" [16.93 mm] 3.75" [95.25 mm] 3.75 inch action figures (Kenner Star Wars, Hasbro G. I. Joe: A Real American Hero, Mattel Jurassic World). Also called 2/3 inch scale for children's dollhouses. 1:16 0.75" [19.05 mm] 4" [101.6 mm] 4 inch action figures. Also used for most plastic toy animal figures and Ertl's toy farm sets (animals, structures, and most vehicles). The Hasbro 3.75 inch G. I. Joe figures' vehicles are closer to this scale. 1:150.8" [20.32 mm] 5" [127 mm] 5 inch action figures (Kenner Jurassic Park, Bandai Power Rangers). 1:12 1" [25.40 mm] 6" [152.4 mm] 6 inch action figures (Toy Biz Marvel Legends, Hasbro Marvel Cinematic Universe, Playmates Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and DC Direct Action Figures). Also used for "Classic scale" model horses and called 1 inch scale for dollhouses. 1:10 1.2" [30.48 mm] 7" [177.8 mm] 7 inch action figures (Mattel "classic scale" He Man and the Masters of the Universe, DC Universe and most NECA Figures). 1:9 1.33" [33.87 mm] 8" [203.2 mm] 8 inch action figures and dolls (Mego World's Greatest Super Heroes). Also used for "Traditional scale" model horses. 1:6 2" [50.80 mm] 12" [304.8 mm] 12 inch Articulated figures Action Figures like Hasbro "classic scale" G. I. Joe, Dragon Models New Generation Life Action Figures, and Hot Toys Movie Masterpiece Series. Fashion dolls like Mattel's Barbie or Volks' Dollfie. Also used for static display figures (commonly of anime characters). 1:4 3" [76.20 mm] 18" [457 mm] 18 inch highly detailed larger action figures and fashion dolls. 1:3 4" [101.60 mm] 24" [609.6 mm] 24 inch highly articulated large ball jointed fashion dolls (Volks Super Dollfie).
Артикуляция
Общей чертой фигурок является артикуляция тела, часто называемая точками артикуляции (POA) или суставами. К наиболее базовым видам артикуляции относятся один сустав шеи, два плечевых и два тазобедренных сустава. Помимо этого, часто встречаются вращающиеся запястья, сгибающиеся колени и вращающаяся талия. В практике используются различные термины, такие как "разрезной" сустав, который часто применяется для обеспечения базового вращения головы на шее или руки на плече. "T-образный" сустав в области бедер обычно позволяет вращать ноги вперед и назад на 180°, хотя это может варьироваться. Шаровые суставы часто обеспечивают более широкий диапазон движений, чем разрезные, например, голова фигурки может наклоняться, в дополнение к строгому вертикальному вращению, обеспечиваемому разрезным суставом. Базовая артикуляция коленей часто основана на так называемом штифтовом суставе. Количество и тип артикуляции фигурок, используемые дизайнерами игрушек, менялись с течением времени. Две из самых популярных линеек фигурок 1980-х годов, G. I. Joe: A Real American Hero и Masters of the Universe, значительно различались по степени артикуляции; первая включала множество точек артикуляции в своем небольшом масштабе, в то время как вторая, более крупная, оставалась с минимальным количеством. Однако обе использовали методы с резиновыми жгутами в области бедер, которые сегодня практически не применяются. В 2000-х годах популярная линейка Marvel Legends от Toy Biz стала известна своей высокой степенью артикуляции, включая точки в области живота, пальцев ног и пальцев рук.
A common feature among action figures is body articulation, often referred to as points of articulation (POA) or joints. The most basic forms of articulation include one neck joint, two shoulder joints, and two hip joints. Beyond these, rotating wrists, bending knees, and a swiveling waist are also common. Various terms have come into practice such as a "cut" joint, frequently used to allow a basic head rotation at the neck or arm rotation at the shoulder. The "T" joint at a figure's hips commonly allows up to 180° of front to back leg rotation; although, this may vary. Ball joints often allow more liberal movement than a cut, such as the figure's head being able to tilt in addition to a cut's strict vertical rotation. Basic knee articulation often relies on what is considered a pin joint. The amount and style of figure articulation used by toy designers have varied over the years. Two of the most popular figure lines of the 1980s, G. I. Joe: A Real American Hero and Masters of the Universe, contrasted one another greatly in articulation; the former included several points in their small, scale while the bulkier latter remained minimal. Both, however, used methods involving rubber cords at the hips that are little used today. In the 2000s, Toy Biz's popular Marvel Legends line became known for its high rate of articulation, even boasting points at the abdomen, toes, and fingers.
Аксессуары
Хотя не все фигурки включают в себя аксессуары, дополнительные предметы часто оказываются важными для персонажей и их функциональности как интерактивных игрушек. Типичные фигурки G.I. Joe включают в себя несколько искусно детализированных пистолетов или оружия для рук, которые можно закрепить в руках фигурок. Ракетные установки также часто встречаются в линейках военных и комиксных фигурок и обычно оснащены пружинным механизмом. Однако, возможно, из-за соображений безопасности, этот метод стал менее распространен к середине 1990-х годов. Некоторые фигурки, особенно Джокера, оснащены оружием, стреляющим водой. В последнее время Marvel Legends популяризировала концепцию "собери фигурку". Каждая фигурка из определенной серии включает в себя часть тела для фигурки большего размера. Это побуждает покупателя приобретать каждую фигурку данной серии, чтобы собрать полную большую фигурку. Эта концепция распространилась на DC Universe Classics от Mattel. Фигурки, предназначенные для коллекционеров, обычно включают в себя подставку для демонстрации и/или комикс в комплекте. В таких случаях аксессуары могут быть разработаны больше для демонстрации, чем для игры.
While not all action figures include accessories, the additional items often prove essential to characters and their effectiveness as interactive toys. Typical scale G. I. Joe figures include several intricately sculpted guns or hand weapons that can be fastened inside the figures' hands. Missile launchers are also commonplace in military and comic book figure lines and usually involve a spring loaded mechanism. However, possibly due to safety concerns, this method saw a decline in the mid 1990s. Some figures, particularly of the Joker, have incorporated water squirting weapons. More recently, Marvel Legends has popularized the "build a figure" concept. Each figure of a particular series includes a body part to a larger scaled figure. This encourages the consumer to purchase every figure of the given series, in order to complete the larger figure. The concept has spread into Mattel's DC Universe Classics. Figures intended to appeal to the collector market commonly include a display base and/or pack in comic book. In such cases accessories may be designed more for display than play.
Виды упаковки
Производители упаковывали свои фигурки различными способами.
Manufacturers have packaged their action figures in a number of ways. Window Box packaging Window box packages consist of a sturdy, but somewhat thin cardboard box that allows for easy stacking. The box has colorful artwork to draw one's attention. The front of the box will have an area of the cardboard that is cut out and a thin piece of soft plastic then fills the cutout area. This ensures easy visibility of the action figure inside of the box. This type of packaging was used by companies such as Mego Corporation in the early 1970s until they switched to the Carded Bubble style of packaging in the mid to late 1970s. Window Box packaging is still used today, often for figures that measure 10" or taller in height. Carded Bubble packaging This type of packaging consists of a sturdy piece of thin cardboard backing known as a "Card." The card is decorated with colorful artwork to draw consumer attention. The action figure is placed on the card and a bubble of clear plastic is then laid over the top of the action figure and attached to the card. The figure is then clearly visible to consumers. Often the bubble will have several small, fitted compartments to hold the figure and its accessories in place. Kenner and Hasbro's packaging of Star Wars action figures since 1977 are an example. PVC packaging A more recent type of packaging that is common as of the 2000s decade is PVC packaging. With this type of packaging, the cardboard card is replaced by a clear PVC plastic backing. The front of the package is a different piece of PVC plastic that is molded to include a bubble that will house the action figure and all of its accessories. Any colorful artwork designed to help draw attention to the package will be printed on a thin piece of paper that is placed between these two pieces of PVC, or will be affixed in sticker form to the front piece of PVC. This type of packaging is popular today and can be seen being used by McFarlane Toys for their Movie Maniacs line of action figures beginning with Series V. Other companies that utilize this type of packaging are NECA/Reel Toys (National Entertainment Collectibles Association) with their Cult Classics and Pirates of the Caribbean line of figures, and Toy Biz with its Marvel Legends action figures, which included a comic book placed between the two PVC segments. Tube packaging Another recent type of PVC packaging is a tube shaped piece of PVC plastic surrounding the action figure. The tube may be cylindrical or oval in shape. Artwork on the package is often in the form of a sticker affixed to the outside of the PVC tube. This type of packaging has been used by Hasbro for their Star Wars Galactic Heroes line of figures.
**Упаковка с окном**
Manufacturers have packaged their action figures in a number of ways. Window Box packaging Window box packages consist of a sturdy, but somewhat thin cardboard box that allows for easy stacking. The box has colorful artwork to draw one's attention. The front of the box will have an area of the cardboard that is cut out and a thin piece of soft plastic then fills the cutout area. This ensures easy visibility of the action figure inside of the box. This type of packaging was used by companies such as Mego Corporation in the early 1970s until they switched to the Carded Bubble style of packaging in the mid to late 1970s. Window Box packaging is still used today, often for figures that measure 10" or taller in height. Carded Bubble packaging This type of packaging consists of a sturdy piece of thin cardboard backing known as a "Card." The card is decorated with colorful artwork to draw consumer attention. The action figure is placed on the card and a bubble of clear plastic is then laid over the top of the action figure and attached to the card. The figure is then clearly visible to consumers. Often the bubble will have several small, fitted compartments to hold the figure and its accessories in place. Kenner and Hasbro's packaging of Star Wars action figures since 1977 are an example. PVC packaging A more recent type of packaging that is common as of the 2000s decade is PVC packaging. With this type of packaging, the cardboard card is replaced by a clear PVC plastic backing. The front of the package is a different piece of PVC plastic that is molded to include a bubble that will house the action figure and all of its accessories. Any colorful artwork designed to help draw attention to the package will be printed on a thin piece of paper that is placed between these two pieces of PVC, or will be affixed in sticker form to the front piece of PVC. This type of packaging is popular today and can be seen being used by McFarlane Toys for their Movie Maniacs line of action figures beginning with Series V. Other companies that utilize this type of packaging are NECA/Reel Toys (National Entertainment Collectibles Association) with their Cult Classics and Pirates of the Caribbean line of figures, and Toy Biz with its Marvel Legends action figures, which included a comic book placed between the two PVC segments. Tube packaging Another recent type of PVC packaging is a tube shaped piece of PVC plastic surrounding the action figure. The tube may be cylindrical or oval in shape. Artwork on the package is often in the form of a sticker affixed to the outside of the PVC tube. This type of packaging has been used by Hasbro for their Star Wars Galactic Heroes line of figures.
Упаковка с окном состоит из прочной, но относительно тонкой картонной коробки, позволяющей легко складывать их в стопки. Коробка имеет яркое оформление, чтобы привлечь внимание. На лицевой стороне коробки вырезается часть картона, которую затем заполняет тонкий кусок мягкого пластика. Это обеспечивает хорошую видимость фигурки внутри коробки. Этот тип упаковки использовался такими компаниями, как Mego Corporation, в начале 1970-х годов, пока они не перешли на упаковку типа Carded Bubble в середине-конце 1970-х годов. Упаковка с окном до сих пор используется, часто для фигурок ростом 10 дюймов и выше.
Manufacturers have packaged their action figures in a number of ways. Window Box packaging Window box packages consist of a sturdy, but somewhat thin cardboard box that allows for easy stacking. The box has colorful artwork to draw one's attention. The front of the box will have an area of the cardboard that is cut out and a thin piece of soft plastic then fills the cutout area. This ensures easy visibility of the action figure inside of the box. This type of packaging was used by companies such as Mego Corporation in the early 1970s until they switched to the Carded Bubble style of packaging in the mid to late 1970s. Window Box packaging is still used today, often for figures that measure 10" or taller in height. Carded Bubble packaging This type of packaging consists of a sturdy piece of thin cardboard backing known as a "Card." The card is decorated with colorful artwork to draw consumer attention. The action figure is placed on the card and a bubble of clear plastic is then laid over the top of the action figure and attached to the card. The figure is then clearly visible to consumers. Often the bubble will have several small, fitted compartments to hold the figure and its accessories in place. Kenner and Hasbro's packaging of Star Wars action figures since 1977 are an example. PVC packaging A more recent type of packaging that is common as of the 2000s decade is PVC packaging. With this type of packaging, the cardboard card is replaced by a clear PVC plastic backing. The front of the package is a different piece of PVC plastic that is molded to include a bubble that will house the action figure and all of its accessories. Any colorful artwork designed to help draw attention to the package will be printed on a thin piece of paper that is placed between these two pieces of PVC, or will be affixed in sticker form to the front piece of PVC. This type of packaging is popular today and can be seen being used by McFarlane Toys for their Movie Maniacs line of action figures beginning with Series V. Other companies that utilize this type of packaging are NECA/Reel Toys (National Entertainment Collectibles Association) with their Cult Classics and Pirates of the Caribbean line of figures, and Toy Biz with its Marvel Legends action figures, which included a comic book placed between the two PVC segments. Tube packaging Another recent type of PVC packaging is a tube shaped piece of PVC plastic surrounding the action figure. The tube may be cylindrical or oval in shape. Artwork on the package is often in the form of a sticker affixed to the outside of the PVC tube. This type of packaging has been used by Hasbro for their Star Wars Galactic Heroes line of figures.
**Карточная упаковка (Carded Bubble)**
Manufacturers have packaged their action figures in a number of ways. Window Box packaging Window box packages consist of a sturdy, but somewhat thin cardboard box that allows for easy stacking. The box has colorful artwork to draw one's attention. The front of the box will have an area of the cardboard that is cut out and a thin piece of soft plastic then fills the cutout area. This ensures easy visibility of the action figure inside of the box. This type of packaging was used by companies such as Mego Corporation in the early 1970s until they switched to the Carded Bubble style of packaging in the mid to late 1970s. Window Box packaging is still used today, often for figures that measure 10" or taller in height. Carded Bubble packaging This type of packaging consists of a sturdy piece of thin cardboard backing known as a "Card." The card is decorated with colorful artwork to draw consumer attention. The action figure is placed on the card and a bubble of clear plastic is then laid over the top of the action figure and attached to the card. The figure is then clearly visible to consumers. Often the bubble will have several small, fitted compartments to hold the figure and its accessories in place. Kenner and Hasbro's packaging of Star Wars action figures since 1977 are an example. PVC packaging A more recent type of packaging that is common as of the 2000s decade is PVC packaging. With this type of packaging, the cardboard card is replaced by a clear PVC plastic backing. The front of the package is a different piece of PVC plastic that is molded to include a bubble that will house the action figure and all of its accessories. Any colorful artwork designed to help draw attention to the package will be printed on a thin piece of paper that is placed between these two pieces of PVC, or will be affixed in sticker form to the front piece of PVC. This type of packaging is popular today and can be seen being used by McFarlane Toys for their Movie Maniacs line of action figures beginning with Series V. Other companies that utilize this type of packaging are NECA/Reel Toys (National Entertainment Collectibles Association) with their Cult Classics and Pirates of the Caribbean line of figures, and Toy Biz with its Marvel Legends action figures, which included a comic book placed between the two PVC segments. Tube packaging Another recent type of PVC packaging is a tube shaped piece of PVC plastic surrounding the action figure. The tube may be cylindrical or oval in shape. Artwork on the package is often in the form of a sticker affixed to the outside of the PVC tube. This type of packaging has been used by Hasbro for their Star Wars Galactic Heroes line of figures.
Этот тип упаковки состоит из прочного тонкого картонного основания, известного как "карточка". Карточка украшена ярким оформлением, чтобы привлечь внимание покупателей. Фигурка размещается на карточке, а затем сверху на нее надевается прозрачный пластиковый блистер, который прикрепляется к карточке. Таким образом, фигурка хорошо видна покупателям. Часто блистер имеет несколько небольших отсеков для фиксации фигурки и ее аксессуаров. Примером является упаковка фигурок "Звездных войн" от Kenner и Hasbro, начиная с 1977 года.
Manufacturers have packaged their action figures in a number of ways. Window Box packaging Window box packages consist of a sturdy, but somewhat thin cardboard box that allows for easy stacking. The box has colorful artwork to draw one's attention. The front of the box will have an area of the cardboard that is cut out and a thin piece of soft plastic then fills the cutout area. This ensures easy visibility of the action figure inside of the box. This type of packaging was used by companies such as Mego Corporation in the early 1970s until they switched to the Carded Bubble style of packaging in the mid to late 1970s. Window Box packaging is still used today, often for figures that measure 10" or taller in height. Carded Bubble packaging This type of packaging consists of a sturdy piece of thin cardboard backing known as a "Card." The card is decorated with colorful artwork to draw consumer attention. The action figure is placed on the card and a bubble of clear plastic is then laid over the top of the action figure and attached to the card. The figure is then clearly visible to consumers. Often the bubble will have several small, fitted compartments to hold the figure and its accessories in place. Kenner and Hasbro's packaging of Star Wars action figures since 1977 are an example. PVC packaging A more recent type of packaging that is common as of the 2000s decade is PVC packaging. With this type of packaging, the cardboard card is replaced by a clear PVC plastic backing. The front of the package is a different piece of PVC plastic that is molded to include a bubble that will house the action figure and all of its accessories. Any colorful artwork designed to help draw attention to the package will be printed on a thin piece of paper that is placed between these two pieces of PVC, or will be affixed in sticker form to the front piece of PVC. This type of packaging is popular today and can be seen being used by McFarlane Toys for their Movie Maniacs line of action figures beginning with Series V. Other companies that utilize this type of packaging are NECA/Reel Toys (National Entertainment Collectibles Association) with their Cult Classics and Pirates of the Caribbean line of figures, and Toy Biz with its Marvel Legends action figures, which included a comic book placed between the two PVC segments. Tube packaging Another recent type of PVC packaging is a tube shaped piece of PVC plastic surrounding the action figure. The tube may be cylindrical or oval in shape. Artwork on the package is often in the form of a sticker affixed to the outside of the PVC tube. This type of packaging has been used by Hasbro for their Star Wars Galactic Heroes line of figures.
**Упаковка из ПВХ**
Manufacturers have packaged their action figures in a number of ways. Window Box packaging Window box packages consist of a sturdy, but somewhat thin cardboard box that allows for easy stacking. The box has colorful artwork to draw one's attention. The front of the box will have an area of the cardboard that is cut out and a thin piece of soft plastic then fills the cutout area. This ensures easy visibility of the action figure inside of the box. This type of packaging was used by companies such as Mego Corporation in the early 1970s until they switched to the Carded Bubble style of packaging in the mid to late 1970s. Window Box packaging is still used today, often for figures that measure 10" or taller in height. Carded Bubble packaging This type of packaging consists of a sturdy piece of thin cardboard backing known as a "Card." The card is decorated with colorful artwork to draw consumer attention. The action figure is placed on the card and a bubble of clear plastic is then laid over the top of the action figure and attached to the card. The figure is then clearly visible to consumers. Often the bubble will have several small, fitted compartments to hold the figure and its accessories in place. Kenner and Hasbro's packaging of Star Wars action figures since 1977 are an example. PVC packaging A more recent type of packaging that is common as of the 2000s decade is PVC packaging. With this type of packaging, the cardboard card is replaced by a clear PVC plastic backing. The front of the package is a different piece of PVC plastic that is molded to include a bubble that will house the action figure and all of its accessories. Any colorful artwork designed to help draw attention to the package will be printed on a thin piece of paper that is placed between these two pieces of PVC, or will be affixed in sticker form to the front piece of PVC. This type of packaging is popular today and can be seen being used by McFarlane Toys for their Movie Maniacs line of action figures beginning with Series V. Other companies that utilize this type of packaging are NECA/Reel Toys (National Entertainment Collectibles Association) with their Cult Classics and Pirates of the Caribbean line of figures, and Toy Biz with its Marvel Legends action figures, which included a comic book placed between the two PVC segments. Tube packaging Another recent type of PVC packaging is a tube shaped piece of PVC plastic surrounding the action figure. The tube may be cylindrical or oval in shape. Artwork on the package is often in the form of a sticker affixed to the outside of the PVC tube. This type of packaging has been used by Hasbro for their Star Wars Galactic Heroes line of figures.
Более современный тип упаковки, получивший распространение в 2000-х годах, – это упаковка из ПВХ. В этом случае картонная карточка заменяется прозрачной пластиковой основой из ПВХ. Лицевая часть упаковки представляет собой отдельный кусок ПВХ-пластика, формованный таким образом, чтобы включать в себя блистер для размещения фигурки и всех ее аксессуаров. Яркое оформление, призванное привлечь внимание к упаковке, печатается на тонкой бумаге, которая помещается между двумя кусками ПВХ, или наклеивается на лицевую часть ПВХ. Этот тип упаковки популярен и сегодня, его использует, например, McFarlane Toys для своей линейки Movie Maniacs, начиная с серии V. Другие компании, использующие этот тип упаковки, – NECA/Reel Toys (National Entertainment Collectibles Association) для своих линеек Cult Classics и Pirates of the Caribbean, а также Toy Biz для своей линейки Marvel Legends, в которую входил комикс, помещенный между двумя сегментами из ПВХ.
Manufacturers have packaged their action figures in a number of ways. Window Box packaging Window box packages consist of a sturdy, but somewhat thin cardboard box that allows for easy stacking. The box has colorful artwork to draw one's attention. The front of the box will have an area of the cardboard that is cut out and a thin piece of soft plastic then fills the cutout area. This ensures easy visibility of the action figure inside of the box. This type of packaging was used by companies such as Mego Corporation in the early 1970s until they switched to the Carded Bubble style of packaging in the mid to late 1970s. Window Box packaging is still used today, often for figures that measure 10" or taller in height. Carded Bubble packaging This type of packaging consists of a sturdy piece of thin cardboard backing known as a "Card." The card is decorated with colorful artwork to draw consumer attention. The action figure is placed on the card and a bubble of clear plastic is then laid over the top of the action figure and attached to the card. The figure is then clearly visible to consumers. Often the bubble will have several small, fitted compartments to hold the figure and its accessories in place. Kenner and Hasbro's packaging of Star Wars action figures since 1977 are an example. PVC packaging A more recent type of packaging that is common as of the 2000s decade is PVC packaging. With this type of packaging, the cardboard card is replaced by a clear PVC plastic backing. The front of the package is a different piece of PVC plastic that is molded to include a bubble that will house the action figure and all of its accessories. Any colorful artwork designed to help draw attention to the package will be printed on a thin piece of paper that is placed between these two pieces of PVC, or will be affixed in sticker form to the front piece of PVC. This type of packaging is popular today and can be seen being used by McFarlane Toys for their Movie Maniacs line of action figures beginning with Series V. Other companies that utilize this type of packaging are NECA/Reel Toys (National Entertainment Collectibles Association) with their Cult Classics and Pirates of the Caribbean line of figures, and Toy Biz with its Marvel Legends action figures, which included a comic book placed between the two PVC segments. Tube packaging Another recent type of PVC packaging is a tube shaped piece of PVC plastic surrounding the action figure. The tube may be cylindrical or oval in shape. Artwork on the package is often in the form of a sticker affixed to the outside of the PVC tube. This type of packaging has been used by Hasbro for their Star Wars Galactic Heroes line of figures.
**Трубчатая упаковка**
Manufacturers have packaged their action figures in a number of ways. Window Box packaging Window box packages consist of a sturdy, but somewhat thin cardboard box that allows for easy stacking. The box has colorful artwork to draw one's attention. The front of the box will have an area of the cardboard that is cut out and a thin piece of soft plastic then fills the cutout area. This ensures easy visibility of the action figure inside of the box. This type of packaging was used by companies such as Mego Corporation in the early 1970s until they switched to the Carded Bubble style of packaging in the mid to late 1970s. Window Box packaging is still used today, often for figures that measure 10" or taller in height. Carded Bubble packaging This type of packaging consists of a sturdy piece of thin cardboard backing known as a "Card." The card is decorated with colorful artwork to draw consumer attention. The action figure is placed on the card and a bubble of clear plastic is then laid over the top of the action figure and attached to the card. The figure is then clearly visible to consumers. Often the bubble will have several small, fitted compartments to hold the figure and its accessories in place. Kenner and Hasbro's packaging of Star Wars action figures since 1977 are an example. PVC packaging A more recent type of packaging that is common as of the 2000s decade is PVC packaging. With this type of packaging, the cardboard card is replaced by a clear PVC plastic backing. The front of the package is a different piece of PVC plastic that is molded to include a bubble that will house the action figure and all of its accessories. Any colorful artwork designed to help draw attention to the package will be printed on a thin piece of paper that is placed between these two pieces of PVC, or will be affixed in sticker form to the front piece of PVC. This type of packaging is popular today and can be seen being used by McFarlane Toys for their Movie Maniacs line of action figures beginning with Series V. Other companies that utilize this type of packaging are NECA/Reel Toys (National Entertainment Collectibles Association) with their Cult Classics and Pirates of the Caribbean line of figures, and Toy Biz with its Marvel Legends action figures, which included a comic book placed between the two PVC segments. Tube packaging Another recent type of PVC packaging is a tube shaped piece of PVC plastic surrounding the action figure. The tube may be cylindrical or oval in shape. Artwork on the package is often in the form of a sticker affixed to the outside of the PVC tube. This type of packaging has been used by Hasbro for their Star Wars Galactic Heroes line of figures.
Еще один современный вид ПВХ-упаковки – это трубка из ПВХ-пластика, окружающая фигурку. Трубка может быть цилиндрической или овальной формы. Оформление упаковки часто представляет собой наклейку, прикрепленную к внешней стороне ПВХ-трубки. Этот тип упаковки использовался Hasbro для своей линейки фигурок Star Wars Galactic Heroes.
Manufacturers have packaged their action figures in a number of ways. Window Box packaging Window box packages consist of a sturdy, but somewhat thin cardboard box that allows for easy stacking. The box has colorful artwork to draw one's attention. The front of the box will have an area of the cardboard that is cut out and a thin piece of soft plastic then fills the cutout area. This ensures easy visibility of the action figure inside of the box. This type of packaging was used by companies such as Mego Corporation in the early 1970s until they switched to the Carded Bubble style of packaging in the mid to late 1970s. Window Box packaging is still used today, often for figures that measure 10" or taller in height. Carded Bubble packaging This type of packaging consists of a sturdy piece of thin cardboard backing known as a "Card." The card is decorated with colorful artwork to draw consumer attention. The action figure is placed on the card and a bubble of clear plastic is then laid over the top of the action figure and attached to the card. The figure is then clearly visible to consumers. Often the bubble will have several small, fitted compartments to hold the figure and its accessories in place. Kenner and Hasbro's packaging of Star Wars action figures since 1977 are an example. PVC packaging A more recent type of packaging that is common as of the 2000s decade is PVC packaging. With this type of packaging, the cardboard card is replaced by a clear PVC plastic backing. The front of the package is a different piece of PVC plastic that is molded to include a bubble that will house the action figure and all of its accessories. Any colorful artwork designed to help draw attention to the package will be printed on a thin piece of paper that is placed between these two pieces of PVC, or will be affixed in sticker form to the front piece of PVC. This type of packaging is popular today and can be seen being used by McFarlane Toys for their Movie Maniacs line of action figures beginning with Series V. Other companies that utilize this type of packaging are NECA/Reel Toys (National Entertainment Collectibles Association) with their Cult Classics and Pirates of the Caribbean line of figures, and Toy Biz with its Marvel Legends action figures, which included a comic book placed between the two PVC segments. Tube packaging Another recent type of PVC packaging is a tube shaped piece of PVC plastic surrounding the action figure. The tube may be cylindrical or oval in shape. Artwork on the package is often in the form of a sticker affixed to the outside of the PVC tube. This type of packaging has been used by Hasbro for their Star Wars Galactic Heroes line of figures.
Особенности действия
Фигуры оригинальной линейки Masters of the Universe включали в себя множество уникальных "акционных функций": Battle Armor He-Man и Skeletor имели вращающиеся грудные пластины, чтобы демонстрировать различную степень повреждений; у Лича были конечности с присосками; глаза Мантенны выскакивали с помощью рычага на спине; а Thunder Punch He-Man наносил удар и издавал громкий хлопок из кольцевой крышки в рюкзаке. Другие особенности делали акцент на эстетике, а не на действии, такие как флокированные тела Гриззлора и Человека-моса, а также уникальные запахи последнего и Стинкора. Успех многих линеек Трансформеров во многом зависел от их фирменной особенности – трансформации из транспортного средства в робота. Эта популярность перешла и в серию Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' Mutatin' и другие. В 1987 году Mattel представила фигурки для телевизионного сериала «Капитан Пауэр и солдаты будущего». В этой линейке была интерактивная игра, где дети могли стрелять по экрану телевизора. Однако, несмотря на амбициозную концепцию, она не принесла долгосрочного успеха. Флуоресцентная краска и пластик использовались в различных коллекциях фигурок, особенно в начале 90-х, включая «Черепашек-ниндзя», «Болотное существо» и «Токсичных крестоносцев». Аналогично, функция изменения цвета демонстрировалась на некоторых фигурках с течением времени. Эта концепция заключается в погружении головы персонажа в холодную воду, что проявляет краску, чувствительную к температуре. Примерами служат Sky Escape Joker и Camouflage Swamp Thing от Kenner, а также Desert Camo Sgt. Savage от Hasbro. Большинство фигурок в коллекции Super Powers от Kenner имели ударный механизм, активируемый при сжатии ног. В более технически продвинутом исполнении, серия Wacky Action от «Черепашек-ниндзя» включала в себя пружинный механизм, который приводил в движение моторизованные действия, такие как плавающие ноги или вращающееся запястье. За два года до этого также вышла линейка Tyco's Dino Riders, в которой использовались динозавры с батарейным питанием и моторизованные функции.
Figures of the original Masters of the Universe line included many unique "action features": Battle Armor He Man and Skeletor had rotating chest plates to represent varying degrees of damage; Leech featured suction cup limbs; Mantenna's eyes would pop out using a lever on his back; and Thunder Punch He Man would thrust a punch and emit a loud bang from the ring cap in his backpack. Other features emphasized aesthetic rather than action, such as the flocked bodies of Grizzlor and Moss Man as well as the unique scents of the latter and Stinkor. The success of the many Transformers lines has relied heavily on their signature feature of shifting from vehicle to robot. The popularity of this carried into Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' Mutatin' series among others. In 1987, Mattel introduced figures for the television series Captain Power and the Soldiers of the Future. The line boasted an interactive game where children could shoot at the TV screen. However, while an ambitious concept, it was not a long term success. Glow in the dark paint and plastic have been utilized in various figure collections, particularly those of the early '90s including Ninja Turtles, Swamp Thing, and Toxic Crusaders. Similarly, a color changing feature has been demonstrated on some figures throughout the years. This concept involves dipping the character's head into cold water and revealing a temperature sensitive paint. Examples include Kenner's Sky Escape Joker and Camouflage Swamp Thing, as well as Hasbro's Desert Camo Sgt. Savage. The majority of figures in Kenner's Super Powers Collection toted a punching action upon the squeezing together of their legs. In a more technically advanced method, the Ninja Turtles' Wacky Action series involved a wind up gear that caused the motorized performance of certain actions like swimming legs or a rotating wrist. Two years prior also saw the release of Tyco's Dino Riders, which featured battery powered, motorized dinosaurs.