Введение
Подводные лодки Советского ВМФ разрабатывались по пронумерованным "проектам", которым иногда, но не всегда, присваивались имена. Во время Холодной войны страны НАТО использовали обозначения НАТО для этих классов, основанные на данных разведки, которые не всегда соответствовали советским проектам. См.:
Submarines of the Soviet Navy were developed by numbered "projects", which were sometimes but not always given names. During the
Cold War, NATO nations referred to these classes by NATO reporting names, based on intelligence data, which did not always correspond with the projects. See:
List of NATO reporting names for ballistic missile submarines
List of NATO reporting names for guided missile submarines
List of NATO reporting names for hunter killer and experimental submarines
The NATO reporting names were based on the British (and later American) habit of naming submarines with a letter of the alphabet indicating the class, followed by a serial number of that class. The names are the radiotelephonic alphabet call sign of a letter of the alphabet. For security purposes, the "pennant numbers" of Soviet submarines were not sequential, any more than those of Soviet surface vessels were. Most Russian (and Soviet) submarines had no "personal" name, but were only known by a number, prefixed by letters identifying the boat's type at a higher level than her class. Those letters included:
К (K): крейсерская (kreyserskaya, "cruiser")
ТК (TK): тяжёлая крейсерская (tyazholaya kreyserskaya, "heavy cruiser")
Б (B): большая (bolshaya, "large")
С (S): средняя (srednyaya, "medium")
М (M): малая (malaya, "small")
Any of those prefixes could have С (S) added to the end, standing for специальная (spetsialnaya) and meaning "designed for special missions":
New weapon, engines and armament testing
Submarines for long range radio communications
Target submarines for anti submarine training
Rescue service submarines
Covert operations
Список обозначений НАТО для подводных лодок с баллистическими ракетами
Список обозначений НАТО для подводных лодок с управляемыми ракетами
Список обозначений НАТО для охотничьих и экспериментальных подводных лодок
Submarines of the Soviet Navy were developed by numbered "projects", which were sometimes but not always given names. During the
Cold War, NATO nations referred to these classes by NATO reporting names, based on intelligence data, which did not always correspond with the projects. See:
List of NATO reporting names for ballistic missile submarines
List of NATO reporting names for guided missile submarines
List of NATO reporting names for hunter killer and experimental submarines
The NATO reporting names were based on the British (and later American) habit of naming submarines with a letter of the alphabet indicating the class, followed by a serial number of that class. The names are the radiotelephonic alphabet call sign of a letter of the alphabet. For security purposes, the "pennant numbers" of Soviet submarines were not sequential, any more than those of Soviet surface vessels were. Most Russian (and Soviet) submarines had no "personal" name, but were only known by a number, prefixed by letters identifying the boat's type at a higher level than her class. Those letters included:
К (K): крейсерская (kreyserskaya, "cruiser")
ТК (TK): тяжёлая крейсерская (tyazholaya kreyserskaya, "heavy cruiser")
Б (B): большая (bolshaya, "large")
С (S): средняя (srednyaya, "medium")
М (M): малая (malaya, "small")
Any of those prefixes could have С (S) added to the end, standing for специальная (spetsialnaya) and meaning "designed for special missions":
New weapon, engines and armament testing
Submarines for long range radio communications
Target submarines for anti submarine training
Rescue service submarines
Covert operations
Обозначения НАТО были основаны на британской (а позднее американской) практике присвоения подводным лодкам букв алфавита, обозначающих класс, за которыми следовал серийный номер в рамках этого класса. Эти обозначения соответствуют радиотелефонным позывным, использующим буквы алфавита. В целях безопасности "бортовые номера" советских подводных лодок не были последовательными, как и бортовые номера советских надводных кораблей. Большинство российских (и советских) подводных лодок не имели "собственного" имени, а были известны только по номеру, которому предшествовали буквы, обозначающие тип лодки на уровне выше её класса. Эти буквы включали:
К (K): крейсерская
ТК (TK): тяжёлая крейсерская
Б (B): большая
С (S): средняя
М (M): малая
Submarines of the Soviet Navy were developed by numbered "projects", which were sometimes but not always given names. During the
Cold War, NATO nations referred to these classes by NATO reporting names, based on intelligence data, which did not always correspond with the projects. See:
List of NATO reporting names for ballistic missile submarines
List of NATO reporting names for guided missile submarines
List of NATO reporting names for hunter killer and experimental submarines
The NATO reporting names were based on the British (and later American) habit of naming submarines with a letter of the alphabet indicating the class, followed by a serial number of that class. The names are the radiotelephonic alphabet call sign of a letter of the alphabet. For security purposes, the "pennant numbers" of Soviet submarines were not sequential, any more than those of Soviet surface vessels were. Most Russian (and Soviet) submarines had no "personal" name, but were only known by a number, prefixed by letters identifying the boat's type at a higher level than her class. Those letters included:
К (K): крейсерская (kreyserskaya, "cruiser")
ТК (TK): тяжёлая крейсерская (tyazholaya kreyserskaya, "heavy cruiser")
Б (B): большая (bolshaya, "large")
С (S): средняя (srednyaya, "medium")
М (M): малая (malaya, "small")
Any of those prefixes could have С (S) added to the end, standing for специальная (spetsialnaya) and meaning "designed for special missions":
New weapon, engines and armament testing
Submarines for long range radio communications
Target submarines for anti submarine training
Rescue service submarines
Covert operations
К любому из этих префиксов можно было добавить С (S), обозначающую "специальная" и указывающую на предназначение:
Submarines of the Soviet Navy were developed by numbered "projects", which were sometimes but not always given names. During the
Cold War, NATO nations referred to these classes by NATO reporting names, based on intelligence data, which did not always correspond with the projects. See:
List of NATO reporting names for ballistic missile submarines
List of NATO reporting names for guided missile submarines
List of NATO reporting names for hunter killer and experimental submarines
The NATO reporting names were based on the British (and later American) habit of naming submarines with a letter of the alphabet indicating the class, followed by a serial number of that class. The names are the radiotelephonic alphabet call sign of a letter of the alphabet. For security purposes, the "pennant numbers" of Soviet submarines were not sequential, any more than those of Soviet surface vessels were. Most Russian (and Soviet) submarines had no "personal" name, but were only known by a number, prefixed by letters identifying the boat's type at a higher level than her class. Those letters included:
К (K): крейсерская (kreyserskaya, "cruiser")
ТК (TK): тяжёлая крейсерская (tyazholaya kreyserskaya, "heavy cruiser")
Б (B): большая (bolshaya, "large")
С (S): средняя (srednyaya, "medium")
М (M): малая (malaya, "small")
Any of those prefixes could have С (S) added to the end, standing for специальная (spetsialnaya) and meaning "designed for special missions":
New weapon, engines and armament testing
Submarines for long range radio communications
Target submarines for anti submarine training
Rescue service submarines
Covert operations
Испытания нового оружия, двигателей и вооружения
Подводные лодки для дальней радиосвязи
Целевые подводные лодки для противолодочных тренировок
Спасательные подводные лодки
Скрытые операции
Submarines of the Soviet Navy were developed by numbered "projects", which were sometimes but not always given names. During the
Cold War, NATO nations referred to these classes by NATO reporting names, based on intelligence data, which did not always correspond with the projects. See:
List of NATO reporting names for ballistic missile submarines
List of NATO reporting names for guided missile submarines
List of NATO reporting names for hunter killer and experimental submarines
The NATO reporting names were based on the British (and later American) habit of naming submarines with a letter of the alphabet indicating the class, followed by a serial number of that class. The names are the radiotelephonic alphabet call sign of a letter of the alphabet. For security purposes, the "pennant numbers" of Soviet submarines were not sequential, any more than those of Soviet surface vessels were. Most Russian (and Soviet) submarines had no "personal" name, but were only known by a number, prefixed by letters identifying the boat's type at a higher level than her class. Those letters included:
К (K): крейсерская (kreyserskaya, "cruiser")
ТК (TK): тяжёлая крейсерская (tyazholaya kreyserskaya, "heavy cruiser")
Б (B): большая (bolshaya, "large")
С (S): средняя (srednyaya, "medium")
М (M): малая (malaya, "small")
Any of those prefixes could have С (S) added to the end, standing for специальная (spetsialnaya) and meaning "designed for special missions":
New weapon, engines and armament testing
Submarines for long range radio communications
Target submarines for anti submarine training
Rescue service submarines
Covert operations
Эпоха Второй мировой войны
Назначение серии проектов изображений Series I 6 крупных позиционных подводных лодок Series II, XI, XIII, XIII 1938 25 миноносцев Series III, V, V bis, V bis 2, X, X 1938 86 патрульных подводных лодок среднего размера. Подводные лодки 3-й эскадрильи серии IV. Подводные лодки класса "Малютка" серии VI, VI bis, XII, XV 110 малых подводных лодок для берегового патрулирования. Подводные лодки класса S серии IX, IX bis 41 средние подводные лодки, построенные по немецкому проекту (ранняя версия Типа IX). Подводные лодки класса K серии XIV 11 крейсерских подводных лодок комбинированного типа. Подводные лодки класса TS 3 бывшие подводные лодки румынского Королевского флота: Rechinul (TS 1), Marsuinul (TS 2) и Delfinul (TS 3).
Атакующие подводные лодки
ПроектNATO кодовое имяСилуэт/ИзображениеПостроенНазначение611Zulu класс26Большие океанические подводные лодки613Whiskey класс215Средние многоцелевые подводные лодки615Quebec класс30Малые подводные лодки с полным дизель-электрическим приводом617Whale класс1Экспериментальные подводные лодки с двигателем Вальтера, работающим на высокопроцентном пероксиде (HTP)633Romeo класс20Средние подводные лодки641Foxtrot класс75Большие океанические подводные лодки641B Cом (Сом)Tango класс18Большие океанические подводные лодки690 Кефаль (Кефаль)Bravo класс 4Целевая подводная лодка для торпедных учений877, 877E, 877EKM, 877V, 877LPMB, 877EK Палтус (Палтус)Kilo класс43Большие подводные лодки636, 636М Варшавянка (Варшавянка, по названию Варшавского договора)Улучшенный Kilo класс30Большие подводные лодки677 Лада (Лада)Санкт-Петербург1Большие подводные лодки1650 Амур (Амур)0Модификация класса "Лада" для экспорта865 Пиранья (Пиранья)Losos класс (Лосось)2Миниатюрные подводные лодки
Подводные лодки вспомогательные
Проект НАТО
Обозначение проекта Silhouette/Image
Построенный Assignment
940 Ленок (Lenok)
Индия 22 × Аппарата глубоководного спасения класса "Посейдон" (DSRV)
1710 Макрель (Makrel, макрель)
Белуга 1
Это было экспериментальное судно, использовавшееся для испытания двигательных установок, форм корпуса и технологий управления пограничным слоем.
1840 Lima 1
Большое специальное судно. Оно использовалось для отработки новых технологий, проведения исследований или поддержки специальных операций.
Второе поколение
ПроектНАТОобозначение проектаСилуэт/ИзображениеСтроительствоНазначение661 Анчар (Анчар, упа́с)Папа1Максимальная скорость, когда-либо зарегистрированная для подводного аппарата, 44,7 узлов667AT Груша (Груша, груша)Янки Ноч4667М Андромеда (Андромеда, созвездие)Янки Сидкар1670 Скат (Скат, скат)Чарли I11670М Скат М (Скат М, скат)Чарли II6
Сноски
Шоуэлл, Як М. U Boat Century, Немецкое подводное судостроение и война 1906–2006. Издательство Chatham Publishing, Великобритания (2006).