Мырыш (I) оксиді

Chemical compound – an oxide of copper with formula Cu2O
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| Name = Copper(I) oxide
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| ImageName = Copper(I) oxide
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| ImageName1 = Copper(I) oxide unit cell
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| IUPACName = Copper(I) oxide
| OtherNames = Cuprous oxideDicopper oxideCupriteRed copper oxide
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| PEL = TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)
| REL = TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu) Copper(I) oxide is found as the reddish mineral cuprite.

Aqueous cuprous chloride solutions react with base to give the same material. In all cases, the color is highly sensitive to the procedural details. Formation of copper(I) oxide is the basis of the Fehling's test and Benedict's test for reducing sugars. These sugars reduce an alkaline solution of a copper(II) salt, giving a bright red precipitate of Cu2O. It forms on silver plated copper parts exposed to moisture when the silver layer is porous or damaged. This kind of corrosion is known as red plague. Little evidence exists for copper(I) hydroxide CuOH, which is expected to rapidly undergo dehydration. A similar situation applies to the hydroxides of gold(I) and silver(I).

The solid is diamagnetic. In terms of their coordination spheres, copper centres are 2 coordinated and the oxides are tetrahedral. The structure thus resembles in some sense the main polymorphs of SiO2, but cuprous oxide's lattices interpenetrate. Copper(I) oxide dissolves in concentrated ammonia solution to form the colourless complex [Cu(NH3)2]+, which is easily oxidized in air to the blue [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+. It dissolves in hydrochloric acid to give solutions of CuCl2 Dilute sulfuric acid and nitric acid produce copper(II) sulfate and copper(II) nitrate, respectively. Cu2O degrades to copper(II) oxide in moist air.

Cu2O crystallizes in a cubic structure with a lattice constant al = 4.2696 Å. The copper atoms arrange in a fcc sublattice, the oxygen atoms in a bcc sublattice. One sublattice is shifted by a quarter of the body diagonal. The space group is Pnm, which includes the point group with full octahedral symmetry.

Cuprous oxide is commonly used as a pigment, a fungicide, and an antifouling agent for marine paints. Rectifier diodes based on this material have been used industrially as early as 1924, long before silicon became the standard. Copper(I) oxide is also responsible for the pink color in a positive Benedict's test. In December 2021, Toshiba announced the creation of a transparent cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin film solar cell. The cell achieved an 8.4% energy conversion efficiency, the highest efficiency ever reported for any cell of this type as of 2021. The cells could be used for high altitude platform station applications and electric vehicles.

An example of natural copper(I,II) oxide is the mineral paramelaconite, Cu4O3 or CuCuO3.