Жоғары жылдамдықты оқ-дәріні бағыттау құрылғысы

High velocity projectile alignment device
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|header=Sabot ammunition
|image1=24 mm slpprj m49. png
|caption1=Armour piercing discarding sabot projectile with sabot (left), without sabot (center), and without jacket (right)
|image2=Sabot separating. gif
|caption2=APFSDS long rod penetrator separating from "double ramp" sabot. Refer to the two armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) pictures on the right to see the substantial material nature of a sabot to fill the bore diameter around the sub caliber arrow type flight projectile, compared to the very small gap sealed by a driving band or obturator to mitigate what is known classically as windage. More detailed cutaways of the internal structural complexity of advanced APFSDS saboted long rod penetrator projectiles can be found in #External links.

The function of a sabot is to provide a larger bulkhead structure that fills the entire bore area between an intentionally designed sub caliber flight projectile and the barrel, giving a larger surface area for propellant gasses to act upon than just the base of the smaller flight projectile. Therefore, if a bullet requires at least 1 turn in 7 inch twist, (1:7 rifling), in 5.56mm, it will also require at least 1:7 rifling when saboted in 7.62mm. However, larger caliber commercial rifles generally don't need such fast twist rates; 1:10 being a readily available standard in 7.62mm. As a result, the twist rate of the larger barrel will dictate which smaller bullets can be fired with sufficient stability out of a sabot. In this example, using 1:10 rifling in 7.62mm restricts saboting to 5.56mm bullets that require 1:10 twist or slower, and this requirement will tend to restrict saboting to the shorter (and lighter) 5.56mm bullets.

A base sabot has a one piece base which supports the bottom of the projectile, and separate pieces that surround the sides of the projectile and center it. The base sabot can have better and cleaner sabot/projectile separation than cup or expanding cup sabots for small arms ammunition, but may be more expensive to manufacture and assemble. In larger caliber APDS ammunition, based on the cup, expanding cup, and base sabot concepts, significantly more complex assemblies are required.

A spindle sabot uses a set of at least two and upwards of four matched longitudinal rings or "petals" which have a center section in contact with a long arrow type projectile; a front section or "bore rider" which centers that projectile in the barrel and provides an air scoop to assist in sabot separation upon muzzle exit, and a rear section which both centers the projectile, provides a structural "bulkhead", and seals propellant gases with an obturator ring around the outside diameter. Spindle sabots are the standard type used in modern large caliber armor piercing ammunition. Three petal spindle type sabots are shown in the illustrations at the right of this paragraph. The "double ramp" and "saddle back" sabots used on modern APFSDS ammunition are a form of spindle sabot.