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Banknotes of the Philippine peso are issued by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines) for circulation in the Philippines. The smallest amount of legal tender in wide circulation is ₱20 and the largest is ₱1000. The front side of each banknote features prominent people along with buildings, and events in the country's history while the reverse side depicts landmarks and animals. The dimensions of banknotes issued since the US Philippine administration, 16 x 6.6 cm, has remained the same on all subsequent Philippine peso banknotes (except pre 1958 centavo notes), and was introduced during William Howard Taft's tenure as governor general of the Philippines. In view of its highly successful run, President Taft then appointed a committee that reported favorably on the advantages and savings from changing the size of United States banknotes to Philippine size. Since 1928 the sizes of the United States Federal Reserve Notes and Philippine banknotes have therefore been nearly identical.

On May 1, 1852, the first commercial bank of the Philippines, El Banco Español Filipino de Isabel II issued the following denominations initially 10, 25, 50 and 200 pesos fuertes (strong pesos). They were used until 1896.

The revolutionary republic of Emilio Aguinaldo ordered the issuance of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 peso banknotes which were signed by Messrs. Pedro A. Paterno, Telesforo Chuidan and Mariano Limjap to avoid counterfeiting. However, only the 1 and 5 peso banknotes have been printed and circulated to some areas by the end of the short lived First Republic.

By 1903, the American colonial Insular Government had issued Silver Certificates in denominations of 2, 5 and 10 pesos, backed by silver pesos or U. S. gold dollars at a fixed rate of ₱2/$1. The authorization of the issuance of Philippine Silver Certificates were placed on the notes, "By Authority of an Act of the Congress of the United States of America, approved March 2, 1903." The first shipment of the currency were sent to the Philippines on September 1, 1903, and issued on October of the same year. In 1905, higher denominations of 20, 50, 100 and 500 pesos were printed. However, amendments were made before the shipment of the notes from the United States to the Philippines to allow gold to be included as a reserve for the Silver Certificates. As the Series of 1905 was printed, but not yet shipped, they were sent to the United States Government Printing Office, and overprinted vertically with, "Subject to the provisions of the Act of Congress, approved June 23, 1906." In 1908, the El Banco Español Filipino was allowed to print banknotes in the following denominations with text in Spanish: Cinco (5), Diez (10), Veinte (20), Cincuenta (50), Cien (100) and Dos Cientos (200) Pesos. In 1912, the bank was renamed Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) and henceforth issued the same banknotes in English. In 1918, the Silver Certificates were replaced by the Treasury Certificates issued with government backing of bonds issued by the United States Government in 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 Pesos. In 1916, the Philippine National Bank (PNB) was created to administer the state holding shares and print banknotes without any quota from the Philippine Assembly. They printed banknotes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 pesos. During World War I, the PNB issued emergency notes printed on cardboard paper in the following denominations: 10, 20, 50 centavos and 1 peso. Also overprinted BPI Notes in Five, Ten and Twenty Pesos due to the lack of currency. The Commonwealth of the Philippines issued Treasury Certificates with the seal of the new government but still circulated the BPI and PNB banknotes.

The English Series were Philippine banknotes that circulated from 1949 to 1969. It was the only banknote series of the Philippine peso to use English. English Series Image Value Dimensions Main Color Description Year Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse First issue Withdrawal Small denomination notes 5 centavos Red Bank title, bank seal, value, serial number "PHILIPPINES", value April 15, 1951 June 30, 1958 10 centavos Maroon 20 centavos Green 50 centavos Blue peso Green Mt. Mayon and three men riding on a carabao drawn cart July 1, 1958 February 28, 1969 Large denomination notes ₱1 160 mm × 66 mm Gray Apolinario Mabini Barasoain Church April 15, 1951 March 31, 1971 ₱2 Blue José Rizal Landing of Magellan in the Philippines ₱5 Golden yellow Marcelo H. del Pilar and Graciano Lopez Jaena La Solidaridad ₱10 Brown Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora Urdaneta and Legaspi Monument ₱20 Orange Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto Cartilla of the Katipunan and the Balintawak Monument ₱50 Red Antonio Luna Blood compact between Sikatuna and Legaspi ₱100 Yellow Tandang Sora Regimental flags and the veterans ₱200 Green Manuel L. Quezon Legislative Building December 31, 1959 ₱500 Violet Manuel Roxas Former Central Bank Building

The Pilipino Series banknotes is the name used to refer to Philippine banknotes issued by the Central Bank of the Philippines from 1969 to 1977, during the term of President Ferdinand Marcos. This series represented a radical change from the English series by undergoing Filipinization and a design change. It was succeeded by the Ang Bagong Lipunan Series of banknotes, to which it shared a similar design. The lowest denomination of the series is 1 piso and the highest is 100 piso. Pilipino Series Image Value Dimensions Main Color Description YearObverse Reverse Obverse ReverseFirst issue Withdrawal ₱1 160 mm × 66 mm Blue José Rizal Declaration of Philippine IndependenceMay 5, 1969March 1, 1974 ₱5 Green Andres Bonifacio Blood Compact of the Katipuneros ₱10 Brown Apolinario Mabini Barasoain Church ₱20 Orange Manuel L. Quezon Malacañang Palace ₱50 Red Sergio Osmeña Legislative Building ₱100 Violet Manuel Roxas Former Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Building

The Ang Bagong Lipunan Series (literally, ”The New Society Series") is the name used to refer to Philippine banknotes issued by the Central Bank of the Philippines from 1973 to 1985. It was succeeded by the New Design Series of banknotes. The lowest denomination of the series is 2 piso and the highest is 100 piso. After the declaration of Proclamation № 1081 by President Ferdinand Marcos on September 23, 1972, the Central Bank was to demonetize the English Series banknotes in 1974, pursuant to Presidential Decree 378. All the unissued Pilipino Series banknotes (except the one peso banknote) were sent back to the De La Rue plant in London for overprinting the watermark area with the words "ANG BAGONG LIPUNAN" and oval geometric safety design. The one peso bill was replaced with the two peso bill, which features the same elements of the demonetized Pilipino series one peso bill. On September 7, 1978, the Security Printing Plant in Quezon City was inaugurated to produce the banknotes. The banknotes were still legal tender even after the introduction of the New Design Series banknotes, however it is seldom used after the EDSA Revolution. The banknotes were eventually demonetized on February 2, 1993 (but can still be exchange with legal tender currency to the Central Bank until February 1, 1996) after clamors that the banknotes can be used to buy votes for the 1992 Presidential Elections. Ang Bagong Lipunan (New Society) Series Image Value Dimensions Main Color Description Year Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse First issue Withdrawal ₱2 160 mm × 66 mm Blue José Rizal Declaration of Philippine Independence March 17, 1973 February 2, 1996 ₱5 Green Andres Bonifacio Blood Compact of the Katipuneros ₱10 Brown Apolinario Mabini Barasoain Church ₱20 Orange Manuel L. Quezon Malacañang Palace ₱50 Red Sergio Osmeña Legislative Building ₱100 Violet Manuel Roxas BSP Complex

Several errors have been discovered on banknotes of the New Generation series and have become the subject of ridicule on social networking sites. Among these are the exclusion of Batanes from the Philippine map on the reverse of all denominations, the mislocation of the Puerto Princesa Subterranean Underground River on the reverse of the 500 peso bill and the Tubbataha Reef on the 1000 peso bill, and the incorrect coloring on the beak and feathers of the blue naped parrot on the 500 peso bill. The scientific names of the animals featured on the reverse sides of all banknotes were incorrectly rendered as well. According to Design Systemat, the designers of the new bills, that drafts prepared by the company of the new 500 peso bill shows a red beak of the blue naped parrot. This color was changed by the printers to account for practical printing concerns. The designers further explains that printing banknotes is not like printing brochures. Due to the intaglio printing and limited printing capability of banknote printers, it can only produce a limited full color reproduction. The alleged mislocation of the Tubbataha Reef on the one thousand peso note was due to a security feature, a smaller version of the featured species on the bills' reverse (which is also featured on all banknote denominations) was located on top of the exact location of the Tubbataha Reef on the map. Giving the option of either moving the key security feature on the standard position or locating the Tubbataha marker correctly, the bills' French printers, Oberthur Technologies, decided to move the reef marker slightly south on the Philippine map.

Commemorative banknotes have been issued by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas to memorialize events of historic significance to the Philippines. Most commonly they were issued by adding a commemorative overprint on the watermark area of a circulating denomination. Less common are especially designed non circulating commemorative banknotes sold to collectors at a premium over face value.

The Central Bank of the Philippines (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas) issued only 300,000 pieces of this 216 mm x 133 mm 2,000 Philippine peso centennial commemorative legal tender banknote. Another version, with the same design but measured at 160 x 66 mm, was also planned to be issued as legal tender in 2001, but due to the ouster of President Joseph Estrada as the result of the Second EDSA revolution (EDSA People Power II), the notes were stored in the vaults of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. As of 2010, the bank was considering destroying the bulk of the unissued notes (known as the "New Millennium" or "Erap" notes), saving only 50,000 of the five million pieces to be demonetized for "historical, educational, numismatic, or other purposes". However it was not until 2012 that the bank began selling this numismatic product in a folder that clearly stipulates that the notes are not legal tender. The obverse side features President Joseph Estrada taking his oath of office on June 30, 1998, in the historic Barasoain Church, the seat of the first democratic republic in Asia shown in the background as well as the scroll containing the excerpt texts from the Preamble of the Malolos Constitution and the place (Barasoain) and the date (January 20, 1899 in words) of ratification written in Spanish, and the seal of the BSP (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas). The reverse side depicts the re enactment of the declaration of Philippine Independence at the Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1998, by President Fidel V. Ramos and also features the Philippine Centennial Commission logo, but in the smaller version, it was replaced by the phrase of "Tiwala Kay Bathala, Pagmamahal sa Bayan". The security features of the note include a 3 dimensional cylinder mold made portrait watermark of the two presidents and the years 1898–1998 (in smaller version, the electrotype 1898–1998 was removed), iridescent band, color shift windowed security thread, latent image and perfect see through register.

The 100,000 peso centennial note, measuring 356 x 216 mm, was accredited by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's largest legal tender note in terms of size. 1,000 pieces were issued during the celebration of the centennial of Philippine independence in 1998. It has since been surpassed by the somewhat larger 600 Malaysian ringgit banknote.