Малатион: қасиеттері, қолданылуы және қауіптері

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| ImageFile1 =Malathion. png
| ImageName1 =Skeletal formula of malathion
| ImageFile2 =Malathion 3D sticks. png
| ImageName2 =3D representation of malathion
| ImageFile3 =Malathion 3D vdW. png
| ImageName3 =Space filling model of malathion, showing van der Waals radii for each atom
| IUPACName =Diethyl 2 [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]butanedioate
| OtherNames =2 (Dimethoxyphosphinothioylthio) butanedioic acid diethyl esterMalathionCarbofosMaldisonMercaptothionOrtho malathion
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|Section7=Chembox Hazards
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| FlashPtF = 325
| FlashPt notes = (greater than)
| IDLH = 250 mg/m3
| LD50 = 290 mg/kg (rat, oral)190 mg/kg (mouse, oral)570 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral) In the US, it is the most commonly used organophosphate insecticide. A malathion mixture with corn syrup was used in the 1980s in Australia and California to combat the Mediterranean fruit fly. In Canada and the US starting in the early 2000s, malathion was sprayed in many cities to combat west Nile virus.

Malathion is produced by the addition of dimethyl dithiophosphoric acid to diethyl maleate or diethyl fumarate. The compound is chiral but is used as a racemate.

Malathion in low doses (0.5% preparations) is used as a treatment for:
Head lice and body lice. Malathion is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of pediculosis. It is claimed to effectively kill both the eggs and the adult lice, but in fact has been shown in UK studies to be only 36% effective on head lice, and less so on their eggs. This low efficiency was noted when malathion was applied to lice found on schoolchildren in the Bristol area in the UK, and is caused by the tested population of lice having developed resistance against malathion. Preparations include Derbac M, Prioderm, Quellada M and Ovide.

Malathion is of low toxicity. In arthropods it is metabolized into malaoxon being a more potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, no reliable information is available on adverse health effects of chronic exposure. In 1981, Malathion was sprayed over a 1400 square miles (3,626 km2) area to control an outbreak of Mediterranean fruit flies in California. In order to demonstrate the chemical's safety, B. T. Collins, director of the California Conservation Corps, publicly swallowed a mouthful of dilute malathion solution.

Malathion is classified by the IARC as probable carcinogen (group 2A). Malathion is classified by US EPA as having "suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity".

Malathion is toxic to leopard frog tadpoles.

Malathion is of low toxicity; however, absorption or ingestion into the human body readily results in its metabolism to malaoxon, which is substantially more toxic. and malaoxon is 1,000 times more potent than malathion in terms of its acetylcholinesterase inhibition.

Because it is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, this resistance is a type of AChEI resistance.