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Monument in the form of a column

A victory column, or monumental column or triumphal column, is a monument in the form of a column, erected in memory of a victorious battle, war, or revolution. The column typically stands on a base and is crowned with a victory symbol, such as a statue. The statue may represent the goddess Victoria; in Germany, the female embodiment of the nation, Germania; in the United States either the female embodiment of the nation Liberty or Columbia; in the United Kingdom, the female embodiment Britannia, an eagle, or a war hero.

Image Date Monument Country City Location Coordinates Height above ground Comment 478 BC Serpent Column Turkey Istanbul Hippodrome of Constantinople 41.005651 N 28.975113 E 8 m Originally part of a tripod at Delphi 115 BC Heliodorus Pillar India Vidisha Madhya Pradesh, Central India 23.549508 N 77.800093 E Erected around 113 BCE in central India in Vidisha (then known as Besnagar), by Heliodorus, a Greek ambassador of the Indo Greek king Antialcidas the court of the Shunga king Bhagabhadra c. 65 Great Column of Jupiter Germany Mainz Landesmuseum Mainz 50.005336 N 8.270532 E 12.5 m Replica displayed in front of the Landtag 113 Trajan's Column Italy Rome Trajan's Forum 41.895836 N 12.484276 E 35.07 m Internal spiral staircase, external helical frieze of reliefs. Tomb of the honorand, Trajan. Archetype of victory column. 161 Column of Antoninus Pius Italy Rome Campus Martius 41.901598 N 12.476285 E 14.75 m Monolithic granite column shaft, c. 14.8 m. Only the base now survives. Before 193 Column of Marcus Aurelius Italy Rome Piazza Colonna 41.900855 N 12.479987 E 39.72 m Internal spiral staircase, external helical frieze of reliefs. Directly modelled on Trajan's Column c. 200 Column at the end of the Via Appia Italy Brindisi Near the port 40.641071 N 17.946787 E 18.74 m Between 268 and 337 Column of the Goths Turkey Istanbul Gülhane Park 41.014515 N 28.985470 E 18.5 m 298–302 Pompey's Pillar Egypt Alexandria Serapeum of Alexandria 31.182512 N 29.896426 E 26.85 mEntirely unconnected with Pompey. Dedicated to Diocletian by Aelius Publius, the governor of Aegyptus, between 298 and 302. Monolithic granite column shaft, 20.75 m. Corinthian capital. Originally topped with a statue of the augustus in porphyry, c. 7 m.

Possibly accompanied by smaller columns honouring of Diocletian's co emperors. 11 May 330 Column of Constantine Turkey Istanbul Forum of Constantine, Çemberlitaş, Fatih 41.008530 N 28.971270 E 35 m Upper portion of the column has not survived. 330–400Column of Phocas ItalyRomeRoman Forum 41.892474 N 12.484854 E 13.6 m Column originally fourth century, Constantinian dynasty or after; imitating the Column and Forum of Constantine in Constantinople. Monolithic fluted marble column shaft. Corinthian capital. Rededicated to Phocas by Smaragdus, the Exarch of Italy, in 608 with an inscription and gilded statue of that augustus; last addition to the Forum Romanum. 386–393/'4 Column of Theodosius Turkey Istanbul Forum of Theodosius, Fatihc. 50 m Largest Roman column monument. Internal spiral staircase, external helical frieze of reliefs. Originally topped in 393/'4 with a statue of Theodosius I in bronze. The statue fell in an earthquake in 480. Rededicated to Anastasius I in 506 with a new bronze statue. Demolished 16th century; precise site in Theodoisus's Forum unknown. c. 400 Iron pillar of Delhi India Delhi Qutb Complex 28.524718 N 77.185014 E 7.12 m It was transferred from Udayagiri or Vidisha to Delhi in the 11th century by Iltutmish the Sultan of Delhi. It was originally erected by the Chandragupta II of the Gupta empire. 401–421 Column of Arcadius Turkey Istanbul Forum of Arcadius, Fatih 41.007736 N 28.943071 Ec. 46.1 m Internal spiral staircase, external helical frieze of reliefs. 21 monolithic column drums. Doric capital. Originally topped with a statue of Arcadius, c. 8.5 m, similar to the statue on the Column of Theodosius. The statue fell in an earthquake in 740. Demolished 1719; only the base, c. 10.5 m, survives. 450–452 Column of Marcian Turkey Istanbul Forum of Marcian, Fatih 41.015410 N 28.950292 Ec. 16.5 m

(present)Dedicated to Marcian by Tatianus, prefect of Constantinople between 450 and 452. Monolithic granite column shaft, 8.74 m. Corinthian capital. Originally topped with a statue of the augustus, referred to in the inscription and lost at an unknown date. 457–474 Column of Leo Turkey Istanbul Forum of Leo Fatih 41.013313 N 28.984836 E21–26 m Built in the reign of Leo I. Eight marble column drums, decorated with wreaths. Corinthian capital. Originally topped with a statue of the augustus. Destroyed before the 1540s; fragments remain in the grounds of the Topkapı Palace. The imperial statue on top may survive in Italy as the Colossus of Barletta. 543 Column of Justinian Turkey Istanbul Augustaeum, Fatih Masonry column shaft decorated with wreaths next to Hagia Sophia. Colossal equestrian statue in bronze reused from a Theodosian monument. c. 7 m statue. Column's bronze sheath removed after the Fourth Crusade's 1204 Sack of Constantinople. Statue removed soon after 1453 Fall of Constantinople. Toppled by Ottomans in 1515. Socle and statue destroyed in 1529. 595 Mahakuta Pillar India Mahakuta 15.932953 N 75.722656 E c. 850 Pillar of Eliseg United Kingdom Near Valle Crucis Abbey 52.992123 N 3.189321 W 983 Tyagada Brahmadeva Pillar India Shravanabelagola 2.3 m c. 1000 Bernward Column Germany Hildesheim Hildesheim Cathedral 52.148929 N 9.947179 E 3.79 mc. 1190Qutb Minar IndiaDelhiQutb Complex 28.524387 N 77.185518 E73 mThe Qutb Minar, also spelled as Qutub Minar and Qutab Minar, is a minaret and "victory tower" that forms part of the Qutb complex. It is usually thought that the tower is named for Qutb ud din Aibak, who began construction of the Minar. 11th century Heunensäule Germany Mainz Markt 49.999550 N 8.273614 E 6.4 m after 1244 Colonna di Santa Felicita Italy Florence In front of Santa Felicita 43.767114 N 11.252293 E 1268 Columns of San Marco and San Todaro Italy Venice Piazza San Marco 45.433289 N 12.339657 E Before 1333 Colonna di San Zanobi Italy Florence Piazza San Giovanni 43.773378 N 11.254912 E 1338 Colonna della Croce al Trebbio Italy Florence 43.773132 N 11.250434 E 1431 Colonna dell'Abbondanza Italy Florence Piazza della Repubblica 43.771579 N 11.254314 E 1 March 1467 Italy Siena Viale Vittorio Emanuele II 43.3286349 N 11.3224004 E1448Vijaya Stambha IndiaChittorChittor Fort 24.887884 N 74.645171 E37.19mThe tower was constructed by the Mewar king, Rana Kumbha, in 1448 to commemorate his victory over the combined armies of Malwa and Gujarat led by Mahmud Khilji. The tower is dedicated to Hindu god Vishnu. 1548? Pestsäule Germany Eching am Ammersee 48.079032 N 11.112875 E 2 m 1565 Colonna della Giustizia Italy Florence Piazza Santa Trinita 43.770126 N 11.251267 E Spolia from the 3rd century AD Baths of Caracalla in Rome 1572 Colonna di San Felice Italy Florence In front of San Felice 43.765163 N 11.248104 E 1572 Colonna di San Marco Italy Florence In front of San Marco 43.778768 N 11.259366 E 12.9 m 1574 Alameda Hércules column. Roman columns with statues of Hercules (inspired by the Farnese Hercules) and Julius Caesar Spain Seville In front of La Alameda, Seville 37.400246 N 5.993597 W 10 m 1574 Medici column France Paris In front of Paris Bourse 48.862525 N 2.342993 E 28 m 1614 Column of Peace Italy Rome Piazza del Esqualino, in front of Santa Maria Maggiore 41.897038 N 12.499385 E 42 mSpolia from the 4th century AD Basilica of Maxentius 1627 Colonna di San Domenico Italy Bologna San Domenico 44.489900 N 11.343722 E 31 May 1628 Column of Infamy Italy Genoa Piazza Vacchero 44.412562 N 8.928214 E 1628 Colonna dell'Immacolata Italy Bologna 44.494342 N 11.336446 E 7 November 1638 Mariensäule Germany Munich Marienplatz 48.137232 N 11.575510 E 14 m 1644 Sigismund's Column Poland Warsaw Castle Square 52.247260 N 21.013375 E 22 m 1647 Mariensäule Austria Wernstein am Inn 48.505547 N 13.454414 E 17 m Transferred from original site in Vienna in 1667. 1650 Mary Column Czech Prague Old Town Square 16 m Destroyed in 1918 1651 Pestsäule Germany Fulda 50.559691 N 9.671735 E 15 m 1654 Victory Column Germany Kronach 50.240462 N 11.324268 E 1656 Countess Pillar United Kingdom Near Brougham 54.653682 N 2.704906 W 1666 Colonna di Sant'Oronzo Italy Lecce 40.352927 N 18.172767 E Originally one of the columns at the end of the Via Appia in Brindisi 1673 Verziere Column Italy Milan Verziere 45.463150 N 9.197222 E 1674 Mariensäule Germany Freising Marienplatz 48.400841 N 11.744036 E 15 m 1675 Monument to Ludovico Ariosto Italy Ferrara Piazza Ariostea 44.841359 N 11.626514 E 1677 The Monument United Kingdom London Corner of Monument Street and Fish Street Hill 51.510157 N 0.085947 W 62 m 1679 Beschornerkreuz Austria Vienna Favoritenstraße 48.167107 N 16.381275 E Badly damaged in World War II and replaced in 1979. 1680 Dreifaltigkeitssäule Austria Klagenfurt am Wörthersee In front of the Church of the Holy Spirit 46.625283 N 14.307690 E 1681 Column of the Blessed Virgin Mary Poland Kłodzko 50.438680 N 16.654002 E 11.5 m 1683 Dreifaltigkeitssäule Austria Vienna Landstraße 48.211383 N 16.385724 E 1693 Pestsäule Austria Vienna Graben 48.208719 N 16.369807 E 1694 Kolumna Maryjna Poland Prudnik Town Square 50.321899 N 17.580060 E 1698 Kolumna Maryjna Poland Międzylesie 50.321899 N 17.580058 E 26 July 1706 St Anna's Column Austria Innsbruck Maria Theresien Straße 47.265679 N 11.394209 E 1711 Mariensäule Germany Duderstadt Gropenmarkt 51.512342 N 10.261748 E 12.15 m 1714 Austria Pestsäule Mödling 48.085981 N 16.284512 E 1715 Column of the Virgin Mary Immaculate Poland Kutná Hora Šultysova street 49.949416 N 15.266857 E 1715? Dreifaltigkeitssäule Austria Poysdorf 48.667918 N 16.629299 E 2 December 1717 Mariensäule Germany Ochsenhausen Ochsenhausen Abbey 48.064497 N 9.949413 E 8.3 m Blenheim Column of Victory United Kingdom Blenheim Palace 51.849888 N 1.369576 W 41 m 1723 Dreifaltigkeitssäule Austria Linz Hauptplatz 48.305861 N 14.286432 E 20 m 1723 Immaculata Slovakia Košice Hlavná ulica 48.722838 N 21.256810 E 14 m 1724 Pestsäule Austria Bleiburg 46.590166 N 14.798726 E 1727 Kolumna Maryjna Poland Racibórz Town Square 50.092009 N 18.219817 E 14 m 1728 Colonna dell'Immacolata Italy Palermo Piazza San Domenico 38.118739 N 13.362882 E 23 November 1730 Coloana Ciumei Romania Timișoara Piața Unirii 45.757950 N 21.229082 E 1732 Mariensäule Germany Aub Marktplatz 49.552507 N 10.065376 E 1739 Statue of St Nepomuk and Mary Romania Timișoara Piața Libertății 45.755766 N 21.227206 E 9 March 1742 Pomnik Trójcy Świętej Poland Lądku Zdroju 50.345854 N 16.871856 E 7 m After 1746 Kolumna Trójcy Świętej Poland Bystrzyca Kłodzka 50.296831 N 16.651757 E 10 m 1749 The Grenville Column United Kingdom Stowe House 52.030677 N 1.014969 W 1754 Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc Czech Olomouc 49.593935 N 17.250445 E 35 m 1767 Burton Pynsent Monument United Kingdom Curry Rivel Troy Hill 51.022421 N 2.889986 W 43 m 1770 Eagle Column Russia Gatchina 59.566958 N 30.095930 E 6.4 m 1778 Germany Mariensäule Nordheim am Main 49.859600 N 10.182864 E 1778 Chesme Column Russia Tsarskoye Selo Catharine Palace 59.710054 N 30.393685 E After 1778 Keppel's Column United Kingdom Near Wentworth and Kimberworth 53.447944 N 1.415152 W 35 m 1780 Mariensäule Germany Eichstätt 48.891157 N 11.183213 E 24 m 15 August 1802 Monument to the Magdeburg Rights Ukraine Kyiv Podil Raion 50.456003 N 30.529509 E 23 m August 1809 Nelson's Pillar Ireland Dublin O'Connell Street 53.349812 N 6.260257 W 40.8 m Destroyed in 1966 by Irish Republicans 1809 Nelson's Column Canada Montreal Place Jacques Cartier 45.508202 N 73.553866 W 19 m 15 August 1810 Colonne Vendôme France Paris Place Vendôme 48.867476 N 2.329450 E 44.3 m 1811 Rostral Columns Russia Saint Petersburg Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange 59.943094 N 30.306795 E 27 June 1811 Glory Monument Russia Poltava 49.589575 N 34.551197 E 10.35 m 1814 Camphill Coumn United Kingdom Alnwick 55.404882 N 1.715109 W1815Battle Monument United StatesBaltimoreBattle Monument Square 39.290687 N 76.612412 W11.88 m 1816 Column of the Duchess of Angoulême France Angoulême Avenue Wilson 45.652651 N 0.146832 E 1816 Tenantry Column United Kingdom Alnwick 55.410898 N 1.699185 W 25 m 18 June 1816 Lord Hill's Column United Kingdom Shrewsbury Outside the Shirehall 52.704168 N 2.731822 W 40.7 m 1819 Britannia Monument United Kingdom Great Yarmouth 52.588479 N 1.733627 E 44 m 1821 Column of the Grande Armée France Wimille Rue Napoleon 50.741269 N 1.617428 E 53 m 1823 Column of Louis XVI France Nantes Place Maréchal Foch 47.219519 N 1.549839 W 28 m 1823 Column of the Duchess of Angoulême France Saint Florent le Vieil 47.363987 N 1.021578 W 15 m 4 September 1823 Column of the Pope France Nice 43.696307 N 7.262657 E 1826 Column of Charles Felix France Bonneville 46.075445 N 6.405684 E 21.44 m 22 August 1828 Constitution Column Germany Volkach 49.897877 N 10.224168 E 32 m 6 March 1829 Demidovsky Pillar Russia Yaroslavl 57.625015 N 39.897312 E 12 m Dismantled 1935, rebuilt 2004. 1829 Washington Monument United States Baltimore Mount Vernon 39.297554 N 76.615670 W 54 m 1831 Duke of York Column United Kingdom London Corner of Regent Street and The Mall 51.506342 N 0.131727 W 41.99 m 18 June 1832 Waterloo Column Germany Hanover Waterlooplatz 52.366517 N 9.727602 E 46.31 m 1833 La Consulaire France Brest Arsenal 48.386071 N 4.495170 W 7 m Transformed from a captured Barbary cannon. 30 August 1834 Alexander Column Russia Saint Petersburg Palace Square 59.939018 N 30.315734 E 47.5 m 1835 Admiral Hood Monument United Kingdom Compton Dundon 51.101358 N 2.721318 W 33.5 m 28 July 1840 July Column France Paris Place de la Bastille 48.853169 N 2.369139 E 47 m 1843 Berlin Peace Column Germany Berlin Mehringplatz 52.498981 N 13.391776 E 19 m November 1843 Nelson's Column United Kingdom London Trafalgar Square 51.507776 N 0.127911 W 51.6 m 25 August 1844 Column of Louis I of Hesse Germany Darmstadt Luisenplatz 49.872852 N 8.651196 E 39.5 m 1845 Column of the Goddess France Lille Grand Place 50.636921 N 3.063437 E 15.5 m 1845 Monument to the Third Council of Trent Italy Trento North of Santa Maria Maggiore 46.068780 N 11.119453 E 1846 Anniversary Column Germany Stuttgart Schlossplatz 48.778585 N 9.179862 E 32.6 m Concordia statue was put up on top of Jubilee Column in 1863 22 December 1851 Columna de la Libertad de los Esclavos Colombia Ocaña 8.235417 N 73.353872 W 15 October 1854 & 1855 Prussia Columns Germany Rügen Neukamp and Groß Stresow 54.318950 N 13.461795 E; 54.356866 N 13.571766 E 15 m Dismantled for repair in 1991 and never rebuilt. 1856 Brock's Monument Canada Queenston 43.160164 N 79.053044 W 56 m 8 December 1857 Column of the Immaculate Conception Italy Rome Piazza di Spagna 41.905003 N 12.482962 E 11.81 m September 1858 Mariensäule Germany Cologne 50.942751 N 6.946597 E 13.5 m 26 September 1859 Congress Column Belgium Brussels Place du Congrès 50.850115 N 4.363457 E 47 m 1861 Westminster Scholars War Memorial United Kingdom London In front of Westminster Abbey 51.499515 N 0.129142 W 1865 Wellington's Column United Kingdom Liverpool Corner of William Brown Street and Lime Street 53.409629 N 2.978844 W 40.2 m 8 October 1866 Mariensäule Germany Trier Markusberg 49.760305 N 6.619894 E 40 m 20 February 1867 Columna de la Paz Uruguay Montevideo Plaza de Cagancha 34.905913 S 56.191363 W 1868 Polnische Freiheitssäule Switzerland Rapperswil Rapperswil Castle 47.227352 N 8.815227 E 1 June 1869 Soldiers' National Monument United States Gettysburg Battlefield 39.819793 N 77.231215 W 18 m 1870 Vantiano Lighthouse Italy Brescia 45.540223 N 10.201846 E 60 m 4 July 1870 Civil War Memorial United States Adrian Memorial Park 41.896476 N 84.029312 W Recycled from the Bank of Pennsylvania 1873 Mariensäule Germany Düsseldorf Maxplatz 51.222439 N 6.771259 E 2 September 1873 Berlin victory column Germany Berlin Großer Stern 52.514554 N 13.350100 E 66.89 m 1874 Column of Pedro IV Portugal Lisbon Rossio Square 38.713807 N 9.139362 W 27.5 m 4 July 1874 Soldiers and Sailors Monument United States Lancaster, Pennsylvania Penn Square 40.037964 N 76.305703 W 13 m 2 December 1874 Victory Column Germany Schwerin 53.625653 N 11.416119 E 23 m 1876 Oberhausen Victory Column Germany Oberhausen Altmarkt 51.468826 N 6.849969 E 1877 Siegburg Victory Column Germany Siegburg Markt 50.797054 N 7.207624 E 17 September 1877 Soldiers and Sailors Monument United States Boston Boston Common 42.355470 N 71.066413 W 38 m 1878 Oldenburg Peace Column Germany Oldenburg Peace Place 53.141429 N 8.207484 E 2 September 1879 Hakenberg Victory Column Germany Hakenberg 52.771053 N 12.828941 E 36 m 1880 Mariensäule Germany Munich Pasing 48.146763 N 11.459396 E 7.4 m 1881 Soldier's Monument United States Davenport College Square Historic District 41.531270 N 90.575540 W 15.25 m 4 July 1884 Soldiers and Sailors Monument United States Buffalo Lafayette Square 42.885667 N 78.873834 W 33.7 m 10 October 1884 Yorktown Victory Monument United States Yorktown Colonial National Historical Park 37.233416 N 76.504991 W 29.87 m 1886 Mariensäule Germany Kyllburg 50.043345 N 6.592808 E 15 m 1886 Ivar Huitfeldt Column Denmark Copenhagen Langelinie 55.690625 N 12.599159 E 1887 Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument United States New Haven East Rock 41.327277 N 72.904666 W 34 m 1888 Columbus Monument Spain Barcelona La Rambla 41.375821 N 2.177777 E 60 m 24 June 1889 Column of the Plaza Bolivar Venezuela Valencia Plaza Bolívar (Valencia) 10.182815 N 68.003288 W 1891 Alexander II Column Ukraine Odesa Shevchenko Park 46.478374 N 30.754748 E 12.6 m 4 July 1894 Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument United States Cleveland Public Square 41.499535 N 81.692925 W 38 m 1894 Column of Alexander II Ukraine Rostov on Don 47.227747 N 39.749096 E 11 m 1896 Angel of Peace Germany Munich Maximilian Park 48.141367 N 11.596993 E 38 m 1900 Millenium Monument Hungary Budapest Hősök tere 47.515151 N 19.078157 E 36 m 1902 Monument aux Girondins France Bordeaux Place des Quinconces 44.845395 N 0.574875 W 54 m 1904 Mariensäule Germany Appelhülsen 51.898525 N 7.422997 E 5.4 m 30 October 1904 Column of Adam Mickiewicz Ukraine Lviv Stare Misto 49.839453 N 24.030012 E 21 m 15 November 1908 Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument United States Brooklyn Fort Greene Park 40.691803 N 73.975543 W 45 m 1909 Mariensäule Italy Bolzano 46.501523 N 11.354488 E 1910 Monument to the Viscount of Mauá Brazil Rio de Janeiro Praça Mauá 22.896219 S 43.180941 W 8 m 16 September 1910 El Ángel Mexico Mexico City Paseo de la Reforma 19.427004 N 99.167680 W 45 m 1911 India de El Paraíso Venezuela Caracas Intersection of Páez, O'Higgins, Teherán and Principal de La Vega 10.475210 N 66.946073 W 20 October 1912 Monumento a las Batallas de Jaén Spain Jaén Parque de la Concordia 37.772703 N 3.788722 W 12 m 1915 Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial United States Put in Bay 41.654118 N 82.811319 W 107 m World's tallest doric column 1916 Columna a los Mártires Colombia Tunja Plazoleta de San Laureano 5.527128 N 73.363204 W 1920 Sanjan Stambh India Sanjan 20.189365 N 72.816668 E 15 m 20 March 1921 Bromley Parish Church Memorial United Kingdom London Bromley 51.404999 N 0.012606 E 5 m 15 June 1921 Monumento a Cristóbal Colón Argentina Buenos Aires Aeropaque, Costanera Norte 34.556888 S 58.409768 W 26 m 1923 Colonne de la Victoire France Saint Denis Corner of the Avenue de la Victoire and the Rue de Paris 20.878478 S 55.448484 E 1924 Jacint Verdaguer Monument Spain Barcelona Plaza de Mosén Jacint Verdaguer 41.399142 N 2.169941 E 21.6 m 1926 Astoria Column United States Astoria City Park 46.181327 N 123.817557 W 38 m 30 October 1932 Monumento alla Vittoria Italy Forlì Piazzale della Vittoria 44.218153 N 12.050071 E 32 m 18 November 1935 Freedom Monument Latvia Riga Freedom Boulevard 56.951461 N 24.113295 E 42 m 1 August 1937 Meuse Argonne American Memorial France Montfaucon d'Argonne 49.272768 N 5.141671 E 71 m 27 October 1938 Endless Column Romania Târgu Jiu Ensemble 45.037446 N 23.285378 E 29.3 m 24 June 1941 Victory Monument Thailand Bangkok Traffic circle of Phahonyothin Road, Phaya Thai Road, and Ratchawithi Road 13.764921 N 100.538288 E 50 m 1944 Monumento de Santiago Dominican Republic Santiago de los Caballeros 19.450883 N 70.694735 W 67 m 1948 Iglica Poland Wroclaw 51.107536 N 17.075415 E 96 m Originally 106 m tall 1948 Mariensäule Germany Waxweiler 50.095645 N 6.369710 E 16 m 1951 Monumento aos Heróis da Guerra Peninsular Portugal Porto Rotunda da Boavista 41.157945 N 8.629145 W 45 m 1953 Doyle Monument United Kingdom Guernsey Jerbourg Point 49.426998 N 2.534189 W Replacing an earlier column demolished during the German occupation. 1957 Cenotaph for the Friendship Between China and USSR China Lüshun 38.807023 N 121.235220 E 22.2 m 12 July 1975 Monas Indonesia Jakarta Merdeka Square 6.175402 S 106.827128 E 132 m 1985 National Capitol Columns United States Washington, D. C. National Arboretum 38.910251 N 76.967537 W Originally from the portico of the United States Capitol 2001 Independence Monument Ukraine Kyiv Maidan Nezalezhnosti 50.449522 N 30.525314 E 63 m 21 January 2003 Spire of Dublin Ireland Dublin O'Connell Street 53.349812 N 6.260257 W 120 m replacement for Nelson's Pillar 15 September 2003 Ángel de la Libertad Mexico Chihuahua City Plaza Mayor 28.639979 N 106.072550 W 35 m 2004 Column of Glory Russia Saint Petersburg Trinity Cathedral 59.916475 N 30.307055 E 29 m Replaces an identical column, destroyed in 1929 27 March 2004 Thanksgiving Candle Moldova Soroca 48.137139 N 28.304762 E 29.5 m 15 April 2005 Cocking History Column United Kingdom Cocking 50.950212 N 0.753411 W 4.57 m 10 May 2006 Column of the Archangel Michael Russia Sochi 43.582217 N 39.722351 E 20 m 23 June 2009 War of Independence Victory Column Estonia Tallinn Freedom Square 59.434016 N 24.743070 E 23.5 m 2009 Caja Madrid Obelisk Spain Madrid Plaza de Castilla 40.466027 N 3.689346 W 92 m 2010 The Four Columns Spain Barcelona Near the Magic Fountain of Montjuïc 41.370689 N 2.152085 E 20 m Replace originals, which were demolished in 1928. 2012 Agostinho Neto Memorial Angola Luanda Praça da República 8.823684 S 13.218869 E 120 m

Of the columns listed above, the following are the Roman columns. Roman triumphal columns were either monolithic pillars or composed of column drums; in the later case, these were often hollowed out to accommodate an ancient spiral staircase leading up to the platform on top. The earliest triumphal column was Trajan's Column which, dedicated in 113 AD, defined its architectural form and established its symbolic value as a political monument alongside the older Roman triumphal arches, providing a lingering model for its successors to this day. The imperial capitals of Rome and Constantinople house the most ancient triumphal columns. All dimensions are given here in metres, though it was the Roman foot by which ancient architects determined the harmonious proportions of the columns, and which is thus crucial for understanding their design. The list is sorted by date of erection. Image Date Monument City Location Height above ground Comment AD 113 Trajan's Column Rome Trajan's Forum 35.07 m Archetype of victory column AD 161 Column of Antoninus Pius Rome Campus Martius Before AD 193 Column of Marcus Aurelius Rome Piazza Colonna 39.72 m Directly modelled on Trajan's Column Between AD 268 and 337 Column of the Goths Istanbul Gülhane Park AD 297 Pompey's Pillar Alexandria 26.85 m AD 330 Column of Constantine Istanbul Forum of Theodosius Column of Theodosius Istanbul Forum of Theodosius AD 421 Column of Arcadius Istanbul Forum of Arcadius AD 455 Column of Marcian Istanbul AD 543 Column of Justinian Istanbul Square of the Augustaeum Toppled by Ottomans in the 16th century AD 608 Column of Phocas Rome Roman Forum Last addition to the Forum Romanum