Нисирос аралы: Жанжалды геотермалдық әлеует пен ежелгі тарих

the ancient town on the island of Karpathos

Nisyros also spelled Nisiros (Νίσυρος; ) is a volcanic Greek island and municipality located in the Aegean Sea. It is part of the Dodecanese group of islands, situated between the islands of Kos and Tilos. Its shape is approximately round, with a diameter of about , and an area of Several other islets are in the direct vicinity of Nisyros, the largest of which is Gyali, with a population of 22 citizens. The Municipality of Nisyros includes Gyalí, as well as uninhabited Pacheiá, Pergoússa, Kandelioussa, Ágios Antónios and Strongýli. It has a total land area of and a total population of 1,048 inhabitants (2021). The island was also called Nisiro in Italian and İncirli in Turkish.

The island has a wide caldera, and was formed within the past 150,000 years, with three separate eruptive stages, ranging from explosive and effusive andesitic eruptions to explosive and effusive dacitic and rhyolitic activity. Its coasts are generally rocky or pebbled, but there are also a few sandy beaches (mainly in the northeastern part). The volcano is currently active but not erupting, and fumaroles are found at the craters. The latest eruptive activity was a steam explosion in 1888,

Nisyros has one of the most important, high enthalpy, geothermal fields in Greece, with a fluid temperature of over 350°C and a high pressure of 18bar, while, based on feasibility studies, the geothermal potential of the island is at least 50MW. Over time, efforts have been made by the operator, PPC Renewables, to exploit geothermal energy in the area for energy production. The most recent implementation scenario foresaw the gradual creation and operation of a geothermal plant with a capacity of 20 to 25MW in cooperation with international specialized institutions. Given the estimated energy needs of Nisyros (1–2MW), it was considered possible to supply electricity to the neighbouring islands of Kos, Tilos, Kalymnos, and Leros. However, long lasting mobilisations of the local community of Nisyros have stopped for years any attempt to implement the exploitation plans of the geothermal field. Indeed, in 1997 the Municipality of Nisyros held a referendum on the issue, with the result being 87% against the plans of the PPC. Entities of Nisyros, such as the Nisyros Studies Company, some municipal authorities, and many scientists of the sector, have expressed their objections to the plans of PPC Renewables, raising safety issues due to the particular danger of the volcano of Nisyros, the seismic activity that often follows similar drilling, and the management of toxic waste. A particularly important point of friction was the fact that the local community felt that it had been ignored in the decision making process and in the subsequent management organization of the project.

The patron saint of the island is New Martyr Niketas of Nisyros. Many Orthodox Christian churches are found on the island, as well as four monasteries which are not inhabited by monks today, although various celebrations take place in them. The largest monastery is the one of Panagia Spiliani (Blessed Virgin Mary of the cave) at Mandraki; it is built beside the medieval castle erected by the Knights Hospitaller.

Nisyrus was a suffragan of Rhodes, but the bishopric faded. Known bishops included Matthaeus de Cheselles (appointed 1436), Pierre Fridaricus (served from the 1480s), Pedro Xague (appointed 1560), and Jerónimo Clavijo (appointed 1564).

A traditional product of Nisyros is soumada, a non alcoholic almond flavoured drink.