Истлахуакан-дель-Рио: Тарихы мен географиясы

Ixtlahuacán del Rio is a town and municipality in the center of the Mexican state of Jalisco, a little less than from state capital Guadalajara. It stands at above sea level; the climate is semi arid, with a mild winter and an average annual temperature of .

Ixtlahuacán is a word of Nahuatl origin; the name means "flat place". It was founded by the Toltecs in approximately AD 610; it is hard to be certain of the exact date of founding, because none of the groups who inhabited the region — Tecuexes, Tepehuanes, Coanes, Cazcanos, and Zacatecos — had a written language in this period.

Ixtlahuacán is a word of Nahuatl origin, it is the union of the words "Ixtláhuatl" (plains) and "Can" (place); therefore, it means: "Place of Plains" .

It was founded by the Toltecs at the beginning of the 7th century when they passed through the region. Possibly he was first in Tlacotán where tribes settled Totonacas, Tepehuanes , and Coanes, the founders being the Tepehuanes, who stood out for their belligerence. The conquerors that approached Tlacotán were continually harassed by the aborigines of Ixtlahuacán. The conquest was carried out by Nuño de Guzmán who arrived in Tlacotán in 1529. It seemed a strategic place to defend and dominate the entire Atemajac Valley. Fines of 1531 gave the name of Nueva Galicia to everything conquered by Nuño de Guzmán, who was appointed governor, founding Guadalajara in Nochistlán; after not having followed, ordering his transfer to Tlacotán in May 1533, giving him the name of Guadalajara; the foundation was not carried out until 1535 and in 1539 royal ID was received granting the coat of arms to the town (Tlacotán), being seat of Guadalajara from 1535 to 1540. In 1825 it had a town hall and from that date until 1910 it belonged to the 1st canton of Guadalajara; in 1838, it had a category of town and in 1878 it is already mentioned as a municipality. They had the police stations of Tepac, Tlacotán and the Congregation of San Antonio. On February 28, 1894, the Tepac police station was abolished and the Congregation of San Antonio was erected as a police station; and in March 1912, the Tlacotán police station moved to Trejos, and in 1922 the police station was restored.

Ixtlahuacán del Río is almost in the center of the state, its extreme coordinates are 20º 42'40 "to 21º 05 '23" north latitude and 103º 63' 09 "to 103º 22 '35" west longitude; at an approximate height of The municipality borders the state of Zacatecas to the north; to the east with the municipality of Cuquío; to the south with the municipalities of Zapotlanejo and Guadalajara; to the west with the municipalities of Zapopan and San Cristóbal de la Barranca.

In general, its surface is semi flat (40%) and flat (35%), there are rugged areas (25%), with heights up to 1,900 masl, highlighting the Monte Grande and the Higuera hill.

The territory is made up of land belonging to tertiary period. The soil consists mostly of igneous rocks acidic extrusive with some moles of basalt, rhyolite and volcanic gap with tuff; in the highest parts the predominant types are: haplic feozem, pelvic vertisol, chernozem and lithosol. The municipality has a territorial area of 56,494 hectares, of which 14,200 are used for agricultural purposes, 23,270 in livestock, 12,900 are for forest use, 390 are urban land and 5,734 hectares have another use. As far as property is concerned, an area of 45,045 hectares is private and another of 11,449 is ejidal; no property

Its hydrological resources are provided by the rivers and streams that make up the Juchipila Santiago Río Verde Grande Belén sub basin of the Lerma Chapala Santiago Hydrological region. The main rivers are: Santiago, Achichilco, Cuquío, Verde and Juchipila; the streams: El Tigre, Carrizalillo, Los Cuartos, Saucitos, Tecomastes, Agua Colorada and San Pablo; the dams: San Antonio and Los Sauces.

The climate is semi dry, with dry spring and winter, and semi warm, with mild winter. The average annual temperature is , with a maximum of and a minimum of The rainfall regime is recorded between the months of June, July, and August, with an average rainfall of 855.2 millimeters. The prevailing winds are heading north.

The flora is composed of cedar, pine, oak, oak and ocote. The fauna is made up of deer, hawk, wildcat, coyote, skunk, armadillo, the tlacuache (zarigueya) and a great variety of birds.

39.82% of the inhabitants are dedicated to primary sector, 23.41% to secondary sector, 34.80% to tertiary sector and the rest is not specified.

Health care is attended by the State Department of Health, the Mexican Social Security Institute and private doctors. The System for the Integral Development of the Family (DIF) is responsible for social welfare.

It has sports centers, where it is practiced: football, basketball, athletics and volleyball. It also has cultural centers, plaza, parks, gardens and library.

It has 4,286 homes, which are generally private. Its construction is generally based on brick, concrete and partition.

The municipality has potable water, telephone and internet services, sewerage, street lighting, markets, trail, cemeteries, roads, public toilets, public safety, parks, gardens and sports centers. 69.2% of the inhabitants have drinking water; 74.2% of sewerage and 95.9% of electrical energy.

It has mail, fax, telegraph, telephone and radiotelephony service. Transportation takes place through the Guadalajara Saltillo highway, junction Ixtlahuacán del Río. It has a network of rural roads that connect the towns; Transportation is carried out by public buses or rental vehicles and individuals. Currently the municipal government has a small fleet of trucks that can provide services for free, these trucks have been donated by the State Government of Jalisco.

98.53% profess the Catholic religion, there are also believers of Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh day Adventists, Protestant s and believers of other religions. 0.24% of the inhabitants showed not to practice any religion.

'Gastronomy' : the tamales, the birria chicken or turkey, the mole; and of its drinks stand out tequila and mezcal. 'Typical costumes' : the charro suit. 'Crafts' : wooden furniture, embroidery, textiles and saddles are made.

Party to San Pascual Baílon: from May 15 to 17. Party to the Virgin of Guadalupe: from December 1 to 12. Palenque: September 9–16. National holidays: September 15 and 16. Festivities of June (San Antonio) June 5 to 13. Party January 1 (San Antonio). Patron Festivities from May 7 to 15 (Palos Altos).