Эхинопсис: Кактус түрлері мен тегі

Genus of cacti
the genus of sea urchin

Echinopsis is a genus of cacti native to South America, sometimes known as hedgehog cactus, sea urchin cactus or Easter lily cactus. as of 2023, there are about 20 accepted species, ranging from large and treelike types to small globose cacti. The name derives from echinos hedgehog or sea urchin, and opsis appearance, a reference to these plants' dense coverings of spines. They are remarkable for the great size, length of tube, and beauty of their flowers, borne upon generally small and dumpy stems.

Studies in the 1970s and 1980s resulted in several formerly separate genera being absorbed into Echinopsis. When very broadly circumscribed, Echinopsis sensu lato included over 100 species. Some genera have been absorbed and then accepted again. For example, the genus name Trichocereus was given to a number of columnar cacti in 1909 by Vincenzo Riccobono. The genus was subsumed into Echinopsis in 1974 by Friedrich, along with Lobivia. In 2011, it was argued that Trichocereus was distinct from Echinopsis, and a 2012 genetic and morphological study by Albesiano found Trichocereus to be monophyletic if it included three species of Harrisia. A 2012 genetic analysis of chloroplast DNA indicated Echinopsis was made up of several divergent lineages. This was shown again in 2019. Image Scientific Name Distribution Echinopsis albispinosa (including E. silvestrii) ArgentinaEchinopsis aurea Argentina Echinopsis breviflora Argentina (Salta)Echinopsis calochlora (including E. hammerschmidii) Bolivia to Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul) Echinopsis chalaensis (sometimes in Trichocereus) PeruEchinopsis chrysantha ArgentinaEchinopsis clavata (sometimes in Trichocereus) Bolivia Echinopsis cuzcoensis (sometimes in Trichocereus) PeruEchinopsis densispina ArgentinaEchinopsis haematantha Argentina and Bolivia Echinopsis jajoana (including E. sanguiniflora) ArgentinaEchinopsis lageniformis (sometimes in Trichocereus) Bolivia. Echinopsis marsoneri Bolivia to Argentina (Jujuy, Salta). Echinopsis oligotricha BoliviaEchinopsis oxygona (including E. adolfofriedrichii, E. brasiliensis, E. eyriesii, E. tubiflora) Brazil, Uruguay and northern Argentina Echinopsis rauschii Bolivia (Cochabamba) Echinopsis rojasii BoliviaEchinopsis tacaquirensis (sometimes in Trichocereus) Bolivia Echinopsis torrefluminensis BoliviaEchinopsis werdermannii (sometimes in E. oxygona) Paraguay
Other species sometimes accepted in this genus are Echinopsis huotii and Echinopsis mieckleyi In addition, many hybrids exist, mostly between similar species but also between more distinct ones, such as the cross between Trichocereus pachanoi (now Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi) and E. eyriesii (now E. oxygona) which was sold under the name "Trichopsis pachaniesii" by Sacred Succulents.

Echinopsis species are native to South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay).

The growing and resting seasons for Echinopsis are the same as for Echinocactus. Research by J. Smith (former Curator at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) showed that species like the Chilean Echinopsis cristata and its Mexican relatives thrive if potted in light loam, with a little leaf mould and a few nodules of limestone. The limestone keeps the soil open; it is important that the soil should be well drained.