Луиджи Гальвани: Тоқ пен тірі организмдерді зерттеуші ғалым

Italian physician, physicist, and philosopher

Luigi Galvani (/ɡ//æ//l/'/v//ɑː//n//i/, also /US//ɡ//ɑː//l// /; luˈiːdʒi ɡalˈvaːni; Aloysius Galvanus; 9 September 1737 – 4 December 1798) was an Italian physician, physicist, biologist and philosopher, who studied animal electricity. In 1780, he discovered that the muscles of dead frogs' legs twitched when struck by an electrical spark. This was an early study of bioelectricity, following experiments by John Walsh and Hugh Williamson.

Luigi Galvani was born to Domenico Galvani and Barbara Caterina Foschi, in Bologna, then part of the Papal States. The house in which he was born may still be seen on Via Marconi, 25, in the center of Bologna. Domenico was a goldsmith. His family had produced several illustrious men. and by John Walsh and Hugh Williamson in the 1770s.

Alessandro Volta, a professor of experimental physics in the University of Pavia, was among the first scientists who repeated and checked Galvani’s experiments. At first, he embraced animal electricity. However, he started to doubt that the conductions were caused by specific electricity intrinsic to the animal's legs or other body parts. Volta believed that the contractions depended on the metal cable Galvani used to connect the nerves and muscles in his experiments. Since Galvani was reluctant to intervene in the controversy with Volta, he trusted his nephew, Giovanni Aldini, to act as the main defender of the theory of animal electricity.

De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari commentarius , 1791. The Institute of Sciences, Bologna.